CN113367013A - Green grass control method for citrus orchard - Google Patents
Green grass control method for citrus orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN113367013A CN113367013A CN202110453973.0A CN202110453973A CN113367013A CN 113367013 A CN113367013 A CN 113367013A CN 202110453973 A CN202110453973 A CN 202110453973A CN 113367013 A CN113367013 A CN 113367013A
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- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 244000038280 herbivores Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000020912 omnivore Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
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- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 244000026873 Alternanthera philoxeroides Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The invention provides a green grass control method for a citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps: classifying and removing, namely identifying weeds to be removed by a photographing and flower identifying tool, and then removing the weeds by a grass chopper; a step of controlling grass by a tree tray, namely, weeding weeds in the interior of the tree crown drip line and planting grass in places except the tree crown drip line; monitoring and mowing, namely monitoring the heights of the grass except for the tree crown drip, and when the heights of the grass except for the tree crown drip reach a preset height, cutting the grass; a shallow ploughing weeding step, namely ploughing the grass stems, the grass stalks and the dried weeds covered on the ground into surface soil after preset time; and (5) animal stocking, namely stocking animals under trees in the citrus orchard according to an area ratio. The method can ensure that the fertilizer competition between the weeds and the branch root systems in the citrus orchard is not influenced, can realize the control of the weeds by the weeds, improves and fertilizes the land fertility, can greatly improve the quality of fruits, cannot cause environmental pollution, and is scientific, reasonable and safe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grass control method, in particular to a green grass control method for a citrus orchard.
Background
The citrus is an important component of a village joyful industry system in Sichuan province, is the industry which has the widest planting range in all provinces, relates to the largest number of farmers and has the highest dependence on income increase of farmers. In order to consolidate and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the citrus industry, late-maturing citrus is vigorously developed in Sichuan province in recent years, and the planting area ratio of the late-maturing citrus is increased to about 50%. The south filling city actively responds to the call of the province, builds the country of the Chinese late-maturing oranges, and the area of the whole city of the late-maturing oranges is nearly 4.33 ten thousand hm2 at present, so that the south filling city is the area with the largest area of the late-maturing oranges in the Sichuan province. The existing citrus orchard weed control method comprises agricultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control and the like, wherein a chemical herbicide has the advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, low cost and the like, farmers have stronger and stronger dependence on the herbicide, but long-term use of a single herbicide can promote the drug resistance of weeds to be increased and reduce the drug effect, and excessive dependence on the chemical herbicide can cause a plurality of food safety and ecological environment problems such as increase of pesticide residues, reduction of biological diversity, aggravation of water and soil loss and the like.
On the other hand, the existing weed green prevention and control technology is relatively deficient in research, complex in operation and high in cost, and is difficult to implement large-scale demonstration and popularization, so that how to provide a weed green prevention and control method which is convenient to operate and does not cause environmental pollution is a problem that needs to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a citrus orchard green grass control method which is convenient to implement, scientific, safe and reasonable and can not cause environmental pollution.
Therefore, the invention provides a green grass control method for a citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps:
classifying and removing, namely identifying weeds to be removed by a photographing flower recognition tool, and removing the weeds by a grass chopper, wherein the weeds to be removed are weeds with the main root depth being larger than 20cm and the stems being higher than 50 cm;
a step of controlling grass by a tree disc, namely weeding weeds in the interior of the tree crown drip line, and planting grass in places except the tree crown drip line, wherein the varieties of the grass except the tree crown drip line comprise any one or more of alfalfa, ageratum thistle, ryegrass, barley, wool grass and hair vetch;
monitoring and mowing, namely monitoring the heights of the grass except for the tree crown drip, when the heights of the grass except for the tree crown drip reach a preset height, cutting the grass, and covering the cut grass stems and grass stalks on the ground within the tree crown drip;
a shallow ploughing weeding step, namely ploughing the grass stems, the grass stalks and the dried weeds covered on the ground into surface soil after preset time;
and (5) animal stocking, namely stocking animals under trees in the citrus orchard according to an area ratio.
The invention is further improved in that in the step of controlling grass by the tree tray, after weeds in the interior of the water drip line of the tree crown are completely eradicated, black grass-preventing ground cloth is covered.
The invention has the further improvement that in the step of monitoring and mowing, the height of the grass except the tree crown weeping is monitored, and when the height of the grass except the tree crown weeping reaches a first preset height, the animal is placed under the tree in the citrus orchard according to a first area proportion through the step of placing the animal; and when the height of the grass outside the water dripping line of the crown reaches a second preset height, animals are placed under the trees in the citrus orchard according to a second area proportion through the animal placing step.
The method is further improved in that the height of the grass outside the weeping line of the tree crown is monitored, and when the height of the grass outside the weeping line of the tree crown reaches 3cm, animals are raised under the trees of the citrus orchard according to the proportion of 30-40 animals per mu; when the height of grass except for the water dropping line on the crown reaches 7cm, animals are raised under the trees in the citrus orchard according to the proportion of 15-20 animals per mu.
A further improvement of the invention resides in that the animals kept under the trees of the citrus orchard include at least one herbivore and at least one omnivore.
The invention is further improved in that when the height of the grass outside the drip line of the crown of the tree reaches a first preset height, animals are raised under the tree in the citrus orchard according to a first area proportion, and the proportion of herbivores and omnivores is a third proportion; and when the height of the grass outside the water dripping line of the crown reaches a second preset height, animals are placed under the tree of the citrus orchard according to a second area proportion, and the proportion of the herbivore and the omnivore is a fourth proportion.
In a further development of the invention, the proportion of herbivores in the fourth proportion is lower than the proportion of herbivores in the third proportion.
The invention is further improved in that in the step of sorting and clearing, the weeds needing to be cleared are identified by the flower-taking and identifying tool, the coordinate positions of the weeds needing to be cleared are automatically recorded, and the current identification picture is taken for storage.
A further development of the invention provides that the upper limit of the preset height in the monitoring mowing step is 10cm or 12 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the weeds needing to be removed can be identified through the classified removing step, other benign weeds are reserved, the weeds within the tree crown water dripping line are eradicated in the tree disc grass control step, and the weeds are planted outside the tree crown water dripping line, so that the water striving for fertilizer between the weeds and the branch root systems in the citrus orchard is not affected, and the purpose of controlling the weeds with the weeds can be achieved.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
The embodiment provides a green grass control method for a citrus orchard, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
classifying and removing, namely identifying weeds to be removed by a photographing flower recognition tool, and removing the weeds by a grass chopper, wherein the weeds to be removed are weeds with the main root depth being larger than 20cm and the stems being higher than 50 cm;
a step of controlling grass by a tree disc, namely weeding weeds in the interior of the tree crown drip line, and planting grass in places except the tree crown drip line, wherein the varieties of the grass except the tree crown drip line comprise any one or more of alfalfa, ageratum thistle, ryegrass, barley, wool grass and hair vetch;
monitoring and mowing, namely monitoring the heights of the grass except for the tree crown drip, when the heights of the grass except for the tree crown drip reach a preset height, cutting the grass, and covering the cut grass stems and grass stalks on the ground within the tree crown drip;
a shallow ploughing weeding step, namely ploughing the grass stems, the grass stalks and the dried weeds covered on the ground into surface soil after preset time;
and (5) animal stocking, namely stocking animals under trees in the citrus orchard according to an area ratio.
The above steps are not sequential steps and can be performed simultaneously. In practice, the species of weeds in citrus orchard are many, and the growth period, growth vigor and growth amount are all different. In the classifying and removing step, once perennial weeds and other malignant weeds with developed main roots (the depth of the main roots can be more than 20 cm) and stems can be higher than 50cm, such as alternanthera philoxeroides (alternanthera philoxeroides), calanthes chinensis (berk. fern), semen cuscutae, rhizoma chikusetae and rhizoma cyperi, are discovered, the perennial weeds and other malignant weeds are timely eradicated with roots, the perennial weeds are removed from a garden, and the flower photographing and identifying tool is a photographing and identifying tool, such as a 'flower partner' intelligent app and the like, so as to identify the weeds; weeds can be removed by a self-propelled four-stroke gasoline grass chopper, and the product parameters are as follows: RV 225; discharge capacity: 223 CC; power/rotational speed: 9 horsepower/3000 r/min; mowing width: about 45 cm; the starting mode is as follows: starting a recoil starting process by hand; fuel oil: gasoline No. 90 or more; the operation mode is as follows: self-propelled. On the other hand, benign grass that is annual, has shallow root distribution, many fibrous roots, no perennial roots, dwarf and no symbiotic pests with citrus can be kept for natural growth.
Preferably, in the classifying and removing step of the present embodiment, when the weed to be removed is identified by the flower recognition tool, the coordinate position of the weed to be removed is automatically recorded, and the current recognition picture is photographed and stored. Such design can be convenient for the oranges and tangerines garden manager to record the position information of the weeds that need clear up and picture information through accurate data is automatic, is convenient for provide the data basis to the accurate management in oranges and tangerines garden, improves its degree of automation and intellectuality.
The tree disc grass control step is mainly used for realizing grass control in the tree disc of the citrus orchard, the tree disc refers to an area within the water dripping line of the tree crown, weeds within the water dripping line of the tree crown are completely eradicated without classification, so that the weeds are prevented from growing within the water dripping line of the tree crown and striving for water with the root system of the tree body; the grass is planted at the place except the tree crown drip line in the embodiment, the mode of planting grass in an artificial row or automatically sowing seeds and the like can be adopted, and the variety of the grass except the tree crown drip line comprises any one or more of alfalfa, ageratum thistle, ryegrass, barley, common rat grass and hair vetch; further, the situation that water is struggled for fertilizer by weeds and branch roots in a citrus orchard is not influenced can be guaranteed, and the purpose of controlling grass by grass can be achieved. Preferably, in the step of controlling grass on the tree panel, after all weeds in the water drop line of the tree crown are eradicated, the tree crown is covered with black grass-preventing ground fabric, so that the weeds can be further prevented from growing in the water drop line of the tree crown.
In the step of monitoring and mowing, the height of the grass except the tree crown weeping is monitored, and when the height of the grass except the tree crown weeping reaches a first preset height, animals are placed under the tree in the citrus orchard according to a first area proportion through the step of animal stocking; and when the height of the grass outside the water dripping line of the crown reaches a second preset height, animals are placed under the trees in the citrus orchard according to a second area proportion through the animal placing step.
The first preset height is a preset first height threshold value related to grass, the height threshold value represents that the grass grows to a certain degree and needs to be controlled to avoid influencing the growth of trees, the first preset height can be set and modified in a user-defined mode according to actual conditions and requirements, and the first preset height is 3 cm; the first area proportion refers to a preset proportion between the area of the citrus orchard and the number of the stocked animals when the height of grass outside the drip line of the crown reaches a first preset height, and the first area proportion can be set and modified in a user-defined mode according to actual conditions and requirements, and is preferably the proportion of 30-40 animals per mu; the second preset height is a preset second height threshold value related to grass, the height threshold value represents that the grass grows to a higher degree and is between the grass control of the animals and the grass control of grass mowing, the second preset height can be set and modified in a user-defined mode according to actual conditions and requirements, and the second preset height is 7 cm; the second area proportion refers to a preset proportion between the area of the citrus orchard and the number of the stocked animals when the height of grass outside the water drip line of the crown reaches a second preset height, and the second area proportion can be set and modified in a user-defined mode according to actual conditions and requirements, and is preferably a proportion of 15-20 animals per mu.
That is to say, the steps of monitoring mowing, shallow ploughing and weeding and the steps of stocking animals are not completely independent steps, but can cooperate with each other, and the design can better meet the aim of dynamic cooperative adjustment of the citrus orchard along with the change of time, environment or other factors, so as to realize optimal grass control, environmental protection, science and high efficiency.
It is worth mentioning that the animals kept under the trees in the citrus orchard of this example comprise at least one herbivore, preferably a goose, and at least one omnivore, preferably a chicken; chickens and geese have strong feeding power to fresh and tender weeds and seeds of the weeds. The weeds are natural feeds of the chickens and the geese, so that the chickens and the geese can freely forage and scatter in the citrus orchard, a large amount of concentrated feed can be reduced, and the grass-removing agent is an obligate weeder in the citrus orchard. The goose is a herbivore, can eat more than 2kg of green grass in one day, and the excrement discharged after the chicken and the goose eat the green grass is good fertilizer on the orange garden. The chicken is a omnivorous animal, and the insects in the grass and grass cluster are the delicious food of the chicken, so that the occurrence of insect pests is reduced.
When the height of the grass outside the drip line of the crown reaches a first preset height, animals are placed under the trees in the citrus orchard according to the first area proportion, and the proportion of herbivores and omnivores is a third proportion; when the height of the grass outside the drip line of the crown reaches a second preset height, animals are raised under the trees in the citrus orchard according to the second area proportion, and the proportion of the herbivore and the omnivore is a fourth proportion.
In the embodiment, the third proportion is the proportion between the herbivorous animals and the omnivorous animals when the height of the grass except the weeping line of the tree crown reaches the first preset height, namely the proportion of the geese and the chickens at the stage is preferred, and the third proportion is preferably 1: 2; the fourth proportion is the proportion between the herbivorous animals and the omnivorous animals when the height of the grass except the tree crown weeping line reaches the second preset height, namely the proportion of the geese and the chicken in the stage is preferred, the fourth proportion is preferably 1:4, at the moment, the geese can be harvested in batches at proper time on the basis of the previous stage, and the proportion of the herbivorous animals can be reduced.
It is also worth mentioning that the third and fourth ratios are not conventional in the art, and are not optional, but are preferred ratios that are required to achieve a balance between grass control and insect control at different stages according to the particular application environment of the citrus orchard; the proportion of herbivores in the fourth proportion is preferably lower than that of herbivores in the third proportion, that is, when the number of animals contained in the area per mu is reduced, the proportion of geese is preferably reduced, because the herbivore amount is increased along with the growth of the animals, and the possibility of insect damage is increased.
The upper limit of the preset height in the step of monitoring mowing is preferably 10cm or 12 cm; in the period of vigorous growth of weeds, particularly in the high-temperature period of summer and autumn, the requirements cannot be completely met by simply controlling weeds by animals, weeds naturally growing outside a tree disc are mowed for multiple times in time, the height of the weeds is controlled to be within 10cm or 12cm, the cut weed stalks can be used as green manure and firstly covered in the tree disc to realize heat preservation, and the weeds are ploughed into the tree disc soil after being rotted and dried.
The shallow ploughing weeding step is arranged after the monitoring mowing step, and the grass stems, the grass stalks and the dried weeds covered on the ground are ploughed into surface soil after the preset mowing time; the preset time is preset post-mowing plowing time, is generally set according to the withering or rotting speed of grass and can be set and modified in a user-defined mode according to actual conditions; particularly, after the fruits of the citrus orchard are harvested, the fertilizer is applied and the orchard is cleaned comprehensively, the dead dry weeds in the orchard are subjected to shallow ploughing and covered on the soil surface, and after the rows, particularly the tree discs, are ploughed, the covered dry weeds are turned into the soil, so that the organic matters of the soil are increased, and the effects of soil moisture conservation and freeze prevention can be achieved.
In conclusion, the weeds needing to be removed can be identified through the classified removing step, other benign weeds are reserved, the weeds in the tree crown water dripping line are eradicated in the tree disc grass control step, and the weeds are planted at the places except the tree crown water dripping line, so that the water striving for fertilizer between the weeds and the branch root systems in the citrus orchard is not influenced, the purpose of controlling the weeds with the weeds can be achieved, on the basis, the synergistic work of the grass cutting step, the shallow ploughing weeding step and the animal stocking step is monitored, the grass control of the citrus orchard is achieved scientifically, reasonably and safely, the land capability is improved and fertilized, the quality of fruits can be greatly improved, and environmental pollution cannot be caused.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A citrus orchard green grass control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
classifying and removing, namely identifying weeds to be removed by a photographing flower recognition tool, and removing the weeds by a grass chopper, wherein the weeds to be removed are weeds with the main root depth being larger than 20cm and the stems being higher than 50 cm;
a step of controlling grass by a tree disc, namely weeding weeds in the interior of the tree crown drip line, and planting grass in places except the tree crown drip line, wherein the varieties of the grass except the tree crown drip line comprise any one or more of alfalfa, ageratum thistle, ryegrass, barley, wool grass and hair vetch;
monitoring and mowing, namely monitoring the heights of the grass except for the tree crown drip, when the heights of the grass except for the tree crown drip reach a preset upper height limit, cutting the grass, and covering the cut grass stems and grass stalks on the ground within the tree crown drip;
a shallow ploughing weeding step, namely ploughing the grass stems, the grass stalks and the dried weeds covered on the ground into surface soil after preset time;
and (5) animal stocking, namely stocking animals under trees in the citrus orchard according to an area ratio.
2. The method for green grass control in a citrus orchard according to claim 1, wherein in the step of disc grass control, all weeds within the water drip of the crown are eradicated, and then black grass-control ground cloth is covered.
3. The citrus orchard green grass control method according to claim 1, wherein in the monitoring grass cutting step, the heights of the grass outside the tree crown weeping lines are monitored, and when the heights of the grass outside the tree crown weeping lines reach a first preset height, animals are raised under trees in the citrus orchard according to a first area proportion through the animal stocking step; and when the height of the grass outside the water dripping line of the crown reaches a second preset height, animals are placed under the trees in the citrus orchard according to a second area proportion through the animal placing step.
4. A citrus orchard green grass control method according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of grass outside the crown waterline is monitored, and when the height of grass outside the crown waterline reaches 3cm, animals are raised under the trees in the citrus orchard according to a proportion of 30-40 animals per mu; when the height of grass except for the water dropping line on the crown reaches 7cm, animals are raised under the trees in the citrus orchard according to the proportion of 15-20 animals per mu.
5. A citrus orchard green grass control method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the animals stocking under the trees of the citrus orchard include at least one herbivore and at least one omnivore.
6. A citrus orchard green grass control method according to claim 5, characterised in that animals are raised under the trees in the citrus orchard in a first area proportion when the height of grass outside the weeping line of the crown reaches a first preset height, the proportion of herbivores and omnivores being a third proportion; and when the height of the grass outside the water dripping line of the crown reaches a second preset height, animals are placed under the tree of the citrus orchard according to a second area proportion, and the proportion of the herbivore and the omnivore is a fourth proportion.
7. A citrus orchard green grass control method according to claim 6, wherein the proportion of herbivores in the fourth proportion is lower than the proportion of herbivores in the third proportion.
8. A citrus orchard green grass control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the classification clearing step, when the weeds needing to be cleared are identified through the picture taking and flower recognition tool, the coordinate positions of the weeds needing to be cleared are automatically recorded, and the current identification picture is taken for storage.
9. A citrus orchard green grass control method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the preset upper height limit in the monitoring mowing step is 10cm or 12 cm.
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| CN202110453973.0A CN113367013A (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Green grass control method for citrus orchard |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113951024A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 南充市农业科学院 | Green grass control method for pepper garden |
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