CN113352706A - 一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于吸波材料技术领域，特别涉及一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料及其制备方法。该玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料从下往上分别为反射层、吸波层和透波层；所述玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料组分含有基体树脂、增强纤维和吸波剂；所述吸波剂为微胶囊包覆的羰基铁粉。本发明还提供一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料的制备方法，一方面提高了力学性能，另一方面由于玄武岩纤维具有一定的吸波性能，通过微胶囊包覆的羰基铁粉和玄武岩纤维的协同吸波作用，可实现良好的吸波性能；同时可以减少羰基铁粉的用量，大幅降低了吸波剂的添加对复合材料力学性能的影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于吸波材料技术领域，特别涉及一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
按材料成型工艺和承载能力，吸波复合材料分为涂覆型吸波材料和结构型吸波材料。其中结构型吸波材料是在先进复合材料基础上发展起来的多功能复合材料，因其在吸波的同时还兼有承载、防腐、耐湿、耐高温的功能，此外还具有拓宽频带、效率高、不增加额外质量、可成型各种形状复杂的部件等优点，是当代吸波材料的主要发展方向。目前，轻薄化的结构型吸波复合材料的透波层和吸波层采用玻璃纤维作为增强材料，采用羰基铁粉作为吸波剂，采用碳纤维作为反射层增强材料。这种结构型吸波复合材料在应用中存在以下问题：(1)玻璃纤维的强度与碳纤维差距较大，材料力学性能很难达到应用要求或者难以实现轻薄化要求；(2)要达到较好的吸波效果，羰基铁粉的添加比例较高，严重影响复合材料的力学性能，特别是层间剪切性能。(3)传统的羰基铁粉在应用中也存在诸多问题，普通羰基铁粉容易与空气和水反应，使其在使用过程中出现腐蚀、氧化等诸多问题，并对吸波性能产生较大影响，尤其在高温潮湿环境下上述问题尤为突出，这也限制了它在这些特殊环境下的应用。普通羰基铁粉在树脂中容易团聚，与树脂界面结合力差，严重影响复合材料的力学性能。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明采用通过微胶囊包覆的羰基铁粉和玄武岩纤维的协同吸波作用，可实现良好的吸波性能，同时提高了吸波复合材料的力学性能。
具体的技术方案如下：
一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料，其组分含有基体树脂、增强纤维和吸波剂，所述吸波剂为微胶囊包覆的羰基铁粉。
具体的，所述基体树脂为氰酸酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂或环氧树脂中的一种。
具体的，所述增强纤维包括玄武岩纤维织物和碳纤维织物，其中玄武岩纤维织物作为透波层和吸波层的增强材料，碳纤维织物为反射层的增强材料。
优选的，所述玄武岩纤维织物为平纹、斜纹或多轴向织物中的一种。
优选的，所述碳纤维织物为平纹、斜纹或多轴向织物中的一种。
上述玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料从下往上分别为反射层、吸波层和透波层。
本发明还提供一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)制备吸波剂：采用化学包覆的方法制备球形二氧化硅包覆羰基铁粉的微胶囊；
(2)制备吸波层预浸料：将固化剂和所述吸波剂、基体树脂按一定的比例混合均匀，然后均匀涂覆在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(3)制备反射层预浸料：将固化剂和所述基体树脂按一定比例混合均匀，然后均匀涂覆在碳纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(4)制备透波层预浸料：将固化剂和所述基体树脂按一定比例混合均匀，然后均匀涂覆在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(5)将上述预浸料按产品尺寸进行裁剪，从底层往上的铺层顺序分别为反射层、吸波层和透波层，铺层比例为1:(3～5):1，预浸料的总层数根据产品的厚度要求来选取；
(6)采用模压工艺进行预固化，并用烘箱对模压制得的吸波复合材料进行后固化。
进一步的，制备吸波剂微胶囊，先将羰基铁粉加入丙酮中，同时滴加适量油酸和助剂，搅拌使其分散混合均匀；再分别加入正硅酸乙酯和氨水，待溶液反应完毕，过滤并收集固体，乙醇洗涤过滤最后用蒸馏水洗涤，干燥充分得到二氧化硅包覆羰基铁粉吸波剂。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)采用微胶囊包覆羰基铁粉，可以有效解决羰基铁粉耐腐蚀性差、抗氧化性差、介电常数过大，以及在树脂中分散不均匀等问题。
(2)采用玄武岩纤维作为透波层和吸波层的增强材料，一方面提高了力学性能，另一方面由于玄武岩纤维具有一定的吸波性能，通过微胶囊包覆的羰基铁粉和玄武岩纤维的协同吸波作用，可实现良好的吸波性能。同时可以减少羰基铁粉的用量，大幅降低了吸波剂的添加对复合材料力学性能的影响。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
(1)制备吸波剂：将羰基铁粉加入丙酮中，同时滴加适量油酸和助剂，并低速搅拌20min左右，使其分散混合均匀。将搅拌好的溶液倒入三口瓶中，分别滴加一定比例的正硅酸乙酯和氨水。待溶液反应完毕，过滤并收集固体，用乙醇对其反复洗涤和过滤，再用蒸馏水洗涤。将清洗干净的剩余物质放入电热鼓风干燥箱中恒温(50℃)充分干燥得到二氧化硅包覆羰基铁粉吸波剂；
(2)制备吸波层预浸料：将上述吸波剂、环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:100:20的质量比混合均匀，然后将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在200g/m2的玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(3)制备反射层预浸料：将环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:20的质量比混合均匀，将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在150g/m2的碳纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(4)制备透波层预浸料：将环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:20的质量比混合均匀，将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在200g/m2的玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(5)将上述预浸料裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，从底层往上铺层顺序分别为反射层、吸波层和透波层，分别为为2层、8层和2层，以制备3mm厚的吸波复合材料；
(6)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为150℃，2小时，并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为180℃，2小时。
对比实施例1：
(1)制备吸波层预浸料：将羰基铁粉、环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:100:20的质量比混合均匀，然后将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在200g/m2的玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(2)制备反射层预浸料：将环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:20的质量比混合均匀，将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在150g/m2的碳纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(3)制备透波层预浸料：将环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:20的质量比混合均匀，将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在200g/m2的玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(4)将上述预浸料裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，从底层往上铺层顺序分别为反射层、吸波层和透波层，分别为为2层、8层和2层，以制备3mm厚的吸波复合材料；
(5)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为150℃，2小时，并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为180℃，2小时。
对比实施例2：
(1)制备吸波层预浸料：将羰基铁粉、环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:100:20的质量比混合均匀，然后将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在200g/m2的玻璃纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(2)制备反射层预浸料：将环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:20的质量比混合均匀，将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在150g/m2的碳纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(3)制备透波层预浸料：将环氧树脂、胺类固化剂按100:20的质量比混合均匀，将混合好的树脂均匀涂覆在200g/m2的玻璃纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(4)将上述预浸料裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，从底层往上铺层顺序分别为反射层、吸波层和透波层，分别为为2层、8层和2层，以制备3mm厚的吸波复合材料；
(5)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为150℃，2小时，并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为180℃，2小时。
实施例和对比实施例制备得到的吸波复合材料性能测试如下：
Claims (6)
1.一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料从下往上分别为反射层、吸波层和透波层；所述玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料组分含有基体树脂、增强纤维和吸波剂；所述增强纤维包括玄武岩纤维织物和碳纤维织物，其中玄武岩纤维织物作为透波层和吸波层的增强材料，碳纤维织物为反射层的增强材料；所述吸波剂为微胶囊包覆的羰基铁粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述基体树脂为氰酸酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂或环氧树脂中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述玄武岩纤维织物为平纹、斜纹或多轴向织物中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述碳纤维织物为平纹、斜纹或多轴向织物中的一种。
5.一种玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：
(1)制备吸波剂：采用化学包覆的方法制备球形二氧化硅包覆羰基铁粉的微胶囊；
(2)制备吸波层预浸料：将固化剂和所述吸波剂、基体树脂按一定的比例混合均匀，然后均匀涂覆在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(3)制备反射层预浸料：将固化剂和所述基体树脂按一定比例混合均匀，然后均匀涂覆在碳纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(4)制备透波层预浸料：将固化剂和所述基体树脂按一定比例混合均匀，然后均匀涂覆在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料；
(5)将上述预浸料按产品尺寸进行裁剪，从底层往上的铺层顺序分别为反射层、吸波层和透波层，铺层比例为1:(3～5):1，预浸料的总层数根据产品的厚度要求来选取；
(6)采用模压工艺进行预固化，并用烘箱对模压制得的吸波复合材料进行后固化。
6.根据权利要求5所述玄武岩纤维结构型吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：制备吸波剂微胶囊，先将羰基铁粉加入丙酮中，同时滴加适量油酸和助剂，搅拌使其分散混合均匀；再分别加入正硅酸乙酯和氨水，待溶液反应完毕，过滤并收集固体，乙醇洗涤过滤最后用蒸馏水洗涤，干燥充分得到二氧化硅包覆羰基铁粉吸波剂。
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