CN113351207A - 一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MULYSYXKGICWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O MULYSYXKGICWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
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- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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Abstract
本发明开发了一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂的制备方法,并且该催化剂能够用于二氧化碳加氢高选择性制备液态燃料。本发明设计具有多壁式结构的金属催化剂,通过水热合成以及惰性气氛下煅烧保护形成具有金属壳层的高效催化剂。在水热过程中通过引入电子型助剂能够进一步改善催化剂表面的理化微环境特性。本发明通过采用多级水热合成法耦合钴金属以及铁金属催化剂,合成具有多壁结构的高效核壳式催化剂,为二氧化碳选择性加氢制取高附加值化学品的高效转化过程提供新的思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明设计了一种多壁式催化剂的制备方法,并用于二氧化碳加氢制液态燃料的,即通过多级水热合成耦合估计催化剂及铁基催化剂,通过耦合铁基催化剂上的逆水汽变换反应与钴基催化剂上的链增长反应实现二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料。
背景技术
工业社会的快速发展消耗了大量碳基资源,使得空气中二氧化碳浓度逐年递增,并且带来了一系列负面作用如海洋酸化、全球气温升高。在此背景下,积极寻求合适的途径利用二氧化碳具有重要的实际意义。催化加氢二氧化碳制备液态燃料是一条有希望的转化途径,不仅能够减弱大气中二氧化碳浓度同时可以制备高附加值的液态燃料,尤其对于像中国这样的贫油国家来说具有重要的战略储备意义。
二氧化碳加氢过程由于原料分子的热稳定、表面链增长能力弱、产物分布偏向于低碳产物(碳数在8个数目以下),使得二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料具有较大的挑战。在二氧化碳转化利用过程中,最常用的是铁基催化剂,这是由于铁基催化剂能够同时存在用于活化二氧化碳分子的Fe3O4以及用于链增长反应的Fe5C2。但是产物分布受ASF规律的限制,因而导致液态烃类产物选择性较低,不利于二氧化碳的规模化利用。不同于铁基催化剂,钴基催化剂具有高的链增长你能力,在传统费托合成过程表现出良好的催化行为;当反应气体转化为二氧化碳原料时,催化过程主要发生甲烷化反应,控制钴的含量以及存在分布状态能够进一步改变催化性能。因此在二氧化碳加氢反应过程中,有研究者通过设计具有双金属铁钴的合金催化剂,用于提升催化加氢性能。如何有效的控制铁钴的存在状态以及结合方式使二氧化碳加氢高选择性制备高碳烃依旧是一个巨大的挑战。设计具有特殊结构的双金属催化剂有助于进一步促进二氧化碳转化,促进二氧化碳的规模化利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出多壁层双金属催化剂合成方法,通过控制每一壁层催化剂的设计合成实现逆水煤气变换反应以及碳链增长反应过程的匹配催化,高效转化利用二氧化碳加氢制备高碳烃类产物。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)钴盐原料、碳模板剂,溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1-3小时,其中钴盐原料与碳模板剂质量比控制在0.5-2.5;随后移入水热合成反应釜,在120-200℃条件下,热合成5-15小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到钴催化剂Co@C;随后将Co@C催化剂移入带有保护气氛的管式炉中,在500-900℃条件下,煅烧处理5-15小时,得到Co@C-H;
(2)将得到的Co@C-H催化剂、碳模板剂、铁盐原料、助剂,溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1-3小时,其中铁盐原料与碳模板剂质量比控制在0.5-2.5,混合溶液中催化剂加入量与铁盐原料的质量比控制在0.005-0.05,混合溶液中催化剂加入量与助剂质量比控制在0.1-10;随后移入水热合成反应釜,在120-200℃条件下,热合成5-15小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到催化剂Fe@Co@C;随后将Fe@Co@C催化剂移入带有保护气氛的管式炉中,在500-900℃条件下,煅烧处理5-15小时,得到具有两层壁式结构的Fe@Co@C-H。
(3)将得到的Fe@Co@C-H催化剂、碳模板剂、铁盐原料、助剂,溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1-3小时,其中铁盐原料与碳模板剂质量比控制在0.5-2.5,混合溶液中催化剂加入量与铁盐原料的质量比控制在0.005-0.05,混合溶液中催化剂加入量与助剂质量比控制在0.1-10;随后移入水热合成反应釜,在120-200℃条件下,热合成5-15小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到催化剂Fe@Fe@Co@C;随后将Fe@Co@C催化剂移入带有保护气氛的管式炉中,在500-900℃条件下,煅烧处理5-15小时,得到具有三层壁式结构的Fe@Fe@Co@C-H。
金属钴原料为硝酸钴、醋酸钴、氯化钴、草酸钴、硫酸钴中的一种或两种以上。
碳模板剂为葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖中的一种或两种。
煅烧保护气氛为氮气、氩气、氢气中的一种或两种。
钴盐原料与碳模板剂质量比控制在0.5-2.5。
铁盐原料与碳模板剂质量比控制在0.5-2.5。
混合溶液中合成的催化剂加入量与铁盐原料的质量比控制在0.005-0.05。
混合溶液中所加入的催化剂量与助剂质量比控制在0.1-10;
助剂为硝酸钾、碳酸钾、草酸钾、氯化钾、硝酸钠、碳酸钠、氯化钠中的一种或两种以上。
煅烧处理条件为在保护气氛下500-900℃条件下煅烧5-15小时。
一种多壁式双金属催化剂,所述催化剂是通过权利要求1-10中任一所述的制备方法制备。
一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂的制备方法。
本发明的优点:
本发明设计具有多壁层双金属催化剂,通过调节两种金属的接触以及空间布局,实现二氧化碳加氢高效制备液态燃料。首先通过外壁层铁基催化剂发生逆水期变换反应制备合成一氧化碳产物,并且通过双层外壁使用提升催化剂结构中一氧化碳的浓度,随后利用钴催化剂较高的碳链增长能力高效的转化外壁层铁催化剂上生成的一氧化碳产物,实现接力催化制备液态烃(二氧化碳通过逆水期变换反应到一氧化碳,一氧化碳通过费托合成过程制备高碳烃)。
附图说明:
图1为本发明催化剂制备以及工艺过程。
具体实施方式
本发明的原理示意图如图1所示。
下面结合具体实施方式,对本发明作进一步描述,本发明的保护范围不受下列实施例限制。
称量一定量硝酸钴溶液、葡萄糖溶于水溶液中,搅拌1小时后移到水热合成反应釜中,在150℃条件下水热合成10小时,随后自然冷却降温,取出产物使用500ml去离子水洗涤,干燥后待用。随后将Co@C催化剂移入带有保护气氛的管式炉中,在500℃条件下,煅烧处理5小时,得到Co@C-H。将上述催化剂,葡萄糖、硝酸铁、硝酸钾溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1小时,随后移入水热合成反应釜,在150℃条件下,热合成5小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到催化剂Fe@Co@C;随后将Fe@Co@C催化剂移入N2的管式炉中,在500℃条件下,煅烧处理5小时,得到具有两层壁式结构的Fe@Co@C-H。重复上述操作,得到具有三层壁式结构的Fe@Fe@Co@C-H。
采用扫描电镜测定多壁层双金属催化剂的结构,采用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定核催化剂中各种金属金属元素如K、Zn、Fe的含量,全自动比表面及微孔/介孔物理吸附分析仪测定催化剂的结构特性。
与现有催化剂的创新之处:1.设计多次水热合成法制备具有多壁层的双金属催化剂,对不同的双金属催化剂结合方式提供新的合成制备方法;2.通过利用不同金属间的协同匹配问题,解决二氧化碳加氢碳链增长能力弱的问题,实现二氧化碳加氢高效制备液态燃料。
本发明所采用的催化剂评价过程如下:
二氧化碳加氢反应之前,制备的催化剂首先在400℃氢气或合成气条件下原位活化 10小时。还原后将温度降至体系反应温度280-320℃。催化反应在固定床反应器中进行,原料合成气的配比为CO2/H2=1:2-1:5。W/F值定义为催化剂重量和流速的比值,实验中控制在5-15。冷阱中加入辛烷做溶剂,用来收集重质烃组分。气相产物中的CO,CO2及 CH4组分由装有TCD检测器的在线气相色谱进行含量分析,轻质烃组分(C1-C7)的含量可由另一台装有FID检测器的在线气相色谱分析。反应结束后,收集辛烷冷阱中的重质烃组分,并加入正十二烷作为内标。得到的液体组分由离线的装有FID检测器的气相色谱进行分析。将气相产物和液相产物分析后的结果进行归一化处理,得到各种组分选择性及CO2转化率。
实施例1
二氧化碳加氢多壁层催化剂制备过程如下:
具体为:5.0克葡萄糖、5.0克硝酸钴溶于50mL去离子水溶液中,搅拌1小时,随后移入100mL的水热合成釜中,在150℃条件下溶剂热合成10小时,得到的产物使用500 mL去离子水洗涤若干次,随后在氮气气氛下550℃条件下煅烧处理,产品标记为Co@C-H。
随后,将0.1克Co@C-H催化剂、5.0克葡萄糖、5克硝酸铁溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1小时,随后移入水热合成反应釜,在150℃条件下,热合成5小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到催化剂Fe@Co@C;随后将Fe@Co@C催化剂移入N2的管式炉中,在500℃条件下,煅烧处理5小时,得到具有两层壁式结构的Fe@Co@C-H。重复上述操作,得到具有三层壁式结构的Fe@Fe@Co@C-H-1。
对照催化剂合成:5.0克葡萄糖、5.0克硝酸铁溶于50mL去离子水溶液中,搅拌1 小时,随后移入100mL的水热合成釜中,在150℃条件下溶剂热合成10小时,得到的产物使用500mL去离子水洗涤若干次,随后在氮气气氛下550℃条件下煅烧处理,产品标记为Fe@C-H。随后物理混合Fe@C-H以及Co@C-H两种催化剂,构筑形成双金属催化剂,标记为Fe@C-H+Co@C-H。上述两种催化剂的催化性能列于表1。
二氧化碳加氢催化反应实验表明,相比于物理混合后得到的复合催化剂,通过水热合成得到的多壁式双金属催化剂能够表现出良好的催化性能,这种多壁式催化剂能够表现出低的一氧化碳选择性,高的液态烃选择性。
实施例2
二氧化碳加氢催化剂制备过程如下:
具体为:5.0克葡萄糖、5.0克硝酸钴溶于50mL去离子水溶液中,搅拌1小时,随后移入100mL的水热合成釜中,在150℃条件下溶剂热合成10小时,得到的产物使用500 mL去离子水洗涤若干次,随后在氮气气氛下550℃条件下煅烧处理,产品标记为Co@C-H。
随后,将0.1克Co@C-H催化剂、5.0克葡萄糖、1.0克硝酸钾、5克硝酸铁溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1小时,随后移入水热合成反应釜,在150℃条件下,热合成5小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到催化剂Fe@Co@C;随后将Fe@Co@C催化剂移入N2的管式炉中,在500℃条件下,煅烧处理5小时,得到具有两层壁式结构的Fe@Co@C-H。重复上述操作,得到具有三层壁式结构的Fe@Fe@Co@C-H-1(K)。
二氧化碳加氢催化反应实验表明,相比于没有助剂修饰的双金属催化剂,钾助剂的引入能够使催化剂表现出良好的加氢性能,并且高碳产物选择性进一步得到提升。
实施例3
二氧化碳加氢催化剂制备过程如下:
具体为:5.0克葡萄糖、5.0克硝酸钴溶于50mL去离子水溶液中,搅拌1小时,随后移入100mL的水热合成釜中,在150℃条件下溶剂热合成10小时,得到的产物使用500 mL去离子水洗涤若干次,随后在氮气气氛下550℃条件下煅烧处理,产品标记为Co@C-H。
随后,将0.2克Co@C-H催化剂、5.0克葡萄糖、1.0克硝酸钾、5克硝酸铁溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1小时,随后移入水热合成反应釜,在150℃条件下,热合成5小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到催化剂Fe@Co@C;随后将Fe@Co@C催化剂移入N2的管式炉中,在500℃条件下,煅烧处理5小时,得到具有两层壁式结构的Fe@Co@C-H。重复上述操作步骤,得到具有三层壁式结构的Fe@Fe@Co@C-H-2(K)。
二氧化碳加氢催化反应实验表明,相比于没有助剂修饰的双金属催化剂,钾助剂的引入能够使催化剂表现出良好的加氢性能,并且高碳产物选择性进一步得到提升。
表1不同催化剂上二氧化碳加氢催化性能
反应条件:300℃,2.0MPa,1800gcatL h-1.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
a)钴盐原料、碳模板剂,溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1-3小时,其中钴盐原料与碳模板剂质量比控制在0.5-2.5;随后移入水热合成反应釜,在120-200℃条件下,热合成5-15小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到钴催化剂Co@C;随后将Co@C催化剂移入带有保护气氛的管式炉中,在500-900℃条件下,煅烧处理5-15小时,得到Co@C-H催化剂;
b)将得到的Co@C-H催化剂、碳模板剂、铁盐原料、助剂,溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1-3小时,其中铁盐原料与碳模板剂质量比控制在0.5-2.5,混合溶液中Co@C-H催化剂加入量与铁盐原料的质量比控制在0.005-0.05,混合溶液中Co@C-H催化剂加入量与助剂质量比控制在0.1-10;随后移入水热合成反应釜,在120-200℃条件下,热合成5-15小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到催化剂Fe@Co@C;随后将Fe@Co@C催化剂移入带有保护气氛的管式炉中,在500-900℃条件下,煅烧处理5-15小时,得到具有两层壁式结构的Fe@Co@C-H催化剂;
c)将得到的Fe@Co@C-H催化剂、碳模板剂、铁盐原料、助剂,溶于去离子水溶液中搅拌混合1-3小时,其中铁盐原料与碳模板剂质量比控制在0.5-2.5,混合溶液中Fe@Co@C-H催化剂加入量与铁盐原料的质量比控制在0.005-0.05,混合溶液中Fe@Co@C-H催化剂加入量与助剂质量比控制在0.1-10;随后移入水热合成反应釜,在120-200℃条件下,热合成5-15小时,去离子水过滤洗涤,得到催化剂Fe@Fe@Co@C;随后将Fe@Fe@Co@C催化剂移入带有保护气氛的管式炉中,在500-900℃条件下,煅烧处理5-15小时,得到具有三层壁式结构的Fe@Fe@Co@C-H。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金属钴原料为硝酸钴、醋酸钴、氯化钴、草酸钴、硫酸钴中的一种或两种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳模板剂为葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述煅烧的保护气氛为氮气、氩气、氢气中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳加氢制备液态燃料的多壁催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述助剂为硝酸钾、碳酸钾、草酸钾、氯化钾、硝酸钠、碳酸钠、氯化钠中的一种或两种以上。
6.一种多壁催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂是通过权利要求1-5中任一所述的制备方法制备。
7.一种权利要求6所述多壁式催化剂在二氧化碳加氢调控制备液态燃料中的应用。
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