CN113350439B - 一种中药组合物在制备抗病毒药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种中药组合物在制备抗病毒药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中药组合物在制备抗病毒药物中的应用。本发明中药组合物主要由麻黄、石膏、连翘、黄芩、桑白皮、苦杏仁、前胡等药味组成,发挥复方中药的整体调节优势,具有多向性、多层面、多靶点的特点,经体内和体外实验证实能有效杀灭多种病毒,效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药组合物在制备抗病毒药物中的应用,属于中草药领域。
背景技术
病毒是病原微生物中最小的一种,在细胞内繁殖,其核心是核糖核酸(RNA)或脱氧核糖核酸(DNA),外壳是蛋白质,不具有细胞结构。多数病毒缺乏酶系统,不能独立自营生活,必须依靠宿主的酶系统才能使其本身繁殖(复制),病毒核酸有时整合于细胞,不易消除,因此抗病毒药研究发展缓慢。
病毒感染(viral infection)是指病毒通过多种途径侵入机体,并在易感的宿主细胞中增殖的过程。人类病毒是指能感染人体或对人有致病作用的病毒。病毒感染的实质是病毒与机体、病毒与易感细胞相互作用的过程。病毒感染常因病毒种类、机体状态不同产生轻重不一的损伤或病毒性疾病。病毒致病是由侵入宿主、感染细胞开始的,致病作用表现在人整体和细胞两个方面。
病毒性疫病作为一类具有高度传染性的疾病,目前尚缺乏理想的抗病毒药物,目前上市的抗病毒化学药物分为以下几类:
1. 穿入和脱壳抑制剂:金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、恩夫韦地、马拉韦罗
2. DNA多聚酶抑制剂:阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、膦甲酸钠
3. 逆转录酶抑制剂:
核苷类:拉米夫定、齐多夫定、恩曲他滨、替诺福韦、阿德福韦酯
非核苷类:依法韦仑、奈韦拉平
4.蛋白质抑制剂:沙奎那韦
5.神经氨酸酶抑制剂:奥司他韦、扎那米韦
6.广谱抗病毒药:利巴韦林、干扰素
每一种抗病毒的化学药物的副作用也会有所不同,比如临床上比较常用的抗病毒药物利巴韦林在大剂量使用时,会出现心脏的损害,还会引起白细胞的减少导致可逆性的贫血。而中药因其独特的病毒病防治视角,成为近年来我国学者们研究的热点。研究显示,多种中药及其有效成分对病毒有一定的抑制作用。
本发明中药组合物具有抗病毒的作用。本发明是在申请号为2008100894475的专利基础上进行的改进发明,在此全文引用该专利文件记载的内容。上述专利未公开该中药组合物有抗病毒的作用。
发明内容
本发明提供一种中药组合物制备抗病毒药物中的应用,该中药组合物由下列重量份的原料药制成:
麻黄52-86;石膏194-324;连翘194-324;黄芩78-130;桑白皮194-324;苦杏仁78-130; 前胡78-130; 半夏78-130; 陈皮78-130; 贝母78-130;牛蒡子78-130; 金银花78-130; 大黄39-65; 桔梗46-76; 甘草39-65。
本发明中药组合物的原料药的重量份比优选为:
麻黄52;石膏324;连翘194;黄芩78;桑白皮194;苦杏仁130;前胡78;半夏130;陈皮78;贝母78;牛蒡子130;金银花130;大黄39;桔梗76;甘草65。
本发明中药组合物的原料药的重量份比还优选为:
麻黄86;石膏194;连翘324;黄芩130;桑白皮324;苦杏仁78;前胡130;半夏78;陈皮130;贝母130; 牛蒡子78;金银花78 ;大黄65;桔梗46; 甘草39。
本发明中药组合物的原料药的重量份比还优选为:
麻黄69;石膏259;连翘259;黄芩104;桑白皮259;苦杏仁104;前胡104;半夏104;陈皮104;贝母104; 牛蒡子104;金银花104;大黄52;桔梗61;甘草52。
本发明中药组合物的原料药的重量份比还优选为:
麻黄55;石膏254;连翘318;黄芩107;桑白皮203;苦杏仁107;前胡82;半夏105;陈皮84;贝母125; 牛蒡子122;金银花113;大黄42;桔梗60; 甘草50。
本发明中药组合物中,所述苦杏仁为炒苦杏仁、贝母为浙贝母、金银花为山银花、半夏为清半夏。
本发明中药组合物主要由麻黄、石膏、连翘、黄芩、桑白皮等组成,发挥复方中药的整体调节优势,具有多向性、多层面、多靶点的特点,临床实验证实能有效杀灭多种病毒,效果显著。
本发明所述中药可以被有相同或相似功效的中药代替,并且这些药材均可以按照《全国中药炮制规范》或《中药大辞典》炮制。
本发明中药组合物的活性成分由以下步骤制成:
A、按组方比例称取浙贝母,粉碎成细粉,备用;
B、按组方比例称取麻黄、连翘、炒苦杏仁、清半夏、牛蒡子、大黄加40-70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1-4小时,第一次加8-10倍量,第二次加6-9倍量,提取液合并,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.14-1.16的清膏,备用;
C、按组方比例称取石膏、桑白皮、前胡、陈皮、山银花、桔梗、甘草,加水煎煮两次,每次1-4小时,第一次加9-11倍量,第二次加7-9倍量,煎液合并,滤过,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.14-1.16的清膏,与步骤B所得的清膏合并,备用;
步骤A所得细粉和步骤C所得合并后的清膏共同构成该药物组合物的活性成分。
本发明药物的剂型为胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、口服液、软胶囊、丸剂、酊剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂或注射剂。
为使上述剂型能够实现,需在制备这些剂型时加入药学可接受的辅料,例如:填充剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、粘合剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、基质等。填充剂包括:淀粉、预胶化淀粉、乳糖、甘露醇、甲壳素、微晶纤维素、蔗糖等;崩解剂包括:淀粉、预胶化淀粉、微晶纤维素、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、低取代羟丙纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠等;润滑剂包括:硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠、滑石粉、二氧化硅等;助悬剂包括:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、微晶纤维素、蔗糖、琼脂、羟丙基甲基纤维素等;粘合剂包括,淀粉浆、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素等;甜味剂包括:糖精钠、阿斯帕坦、蔗糖、甜蜜素、甘草次酸等;矫味剂包括:甜味剂及各种香精;防腐剂包括:尼泊金类、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸及其盐类、苯扎溴铵、醋酸氯乙定、桉叶油等;基质包括:PEG6000,PEG4000,虫蜡等。
其中片剂由如下步骤制成:
A、按组方比例称取浙贝母,粉碎成细粉,备用;
B、按组方比例称取麻黄、连翘、炒苦杏仁、清半夏、牛蒡子、大黄加40-70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1-4小时,第一次加8-10倍量,第二次加6-9倍量,提取液合并,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.14-1.16的清膏,备用;
C、按组方比例称取石膏、桑白皮、前胡、陈皮、山银花、桔梗、甘草,加水煎煮两次,每次1-4小时,第一次加9-11倍量,第二次加7-9倍量,煎液合并,滤过,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.14-1.16的清膏,与步骤B所得的清膏合并,备用;
D、将步骤C所得合并的清膏,喷雾干燥,收集喷雾粉备用;
E、步骤D所得喷雾粉与步骤A所得细粉,以乙醇为黏合剂制软材,过筛制粒;按药学常规方法压片即得。
优选的片剂的制备方法为:
A、按组方比例称取浙贝母,粉碎成细粉,备用;
B、按组方比例称取麻黄、连翘、炒苦杏仁、清半夏、牛蒡子、大黄加50%乙醇回流提取2次,每次3小时,第一次加10倍量,第二次加6倍量,提取液合并,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.15的清膏,备用;
C、按组方比例称取石膏、桑白皮、前胡、陈皮、山银花、桔梗、甘草,加水煎煮两次,每次2小时,第一次加10倍量,第二次加7倍量,煎液合并,滤过,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.15的清膏,与步骤B所得的清膏合并,备用;
D、将步骤C所得合并的清膏,喷雾干燥,收集喷雾粉备用;
E、步骤D所得喷雾粉与步骤A所得细粉,以乙醇为黏合剂制软材,过筛制粒干燥后整粒,加入羧甲淀粉钠、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片即得。本发明药物其他剂型的制备方法为:按比例称取原料药,采用常规的制备方法制备,例如,范碧亭《中药药剂学》(上海科学出版社1997年12月第1版)记载的制备工艺,制成药剂学可接受的常规剂型。
本发明中药组合物可抑制流感病毒,特别是甲型流感病毒;本发明中药组合物可抑制新冠病毒。
附图说明:
图1:本发明药物组合物对小鼠感染流感病毒的保护作用。
具体实施方式
下述实施例用于举例说明本发明药物的制备,但其不能对本发明的范围构成任何限制。
实施例1
处方:
麻黄52克;石膏324克;连翘194克;黄芩78克;桑白皮194克;苦杏仁130克;前胡78克;半夏130克;陈皮78克;浙贝母78克;牛蒡子130克;山银花130克;大黄39克;桔梗76克;甘草65克。
制备方法:
A、按组方比例称取浙贝母,粉碎成细粉,备用;
B、按组方比例称取麻黄、连翘、苦杏仁、半夏、牛蒡子、大黄加50%乙醇回流提取2次,每次3小时,第一次加10倍量,第二次加6倍量,提取液合并,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.15的清膏,备用;
C、按组方比例称取石膏、桑白皮、前胡、陈皮、山银花、桔梗、甘草,加水煎煮两次,每次2小时,第一次加10倍量,第二次加7倍量,煎液合并,滤过,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.15的清膏,与步骤B所得的清膏合并,备用;
D、将步骤C所得合并的清膏,喷雾干燥,收集喷雾粉备用;
E、步骤D所得喷雾粉,步骤A所得细粉,以80%乙醇为黏合剂制备软材,过筛制粒,60度干燥后,整粒。加入羧甲基淀粉钠、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁混匀,按常规制剂方法制成片剂,即得。
实施例2
处方:
麻黄86克;石膏194克;连翘324克;黄芩130克;桑白皮324克;炒苦杏仁78克;前胡130克;半夏78克;陈皮130克;贝母130克; 牛蒡子78克;山银花78克 ;大黄65克;桔梗46克;甘草39克。
制备方法:
A、按组方比例称取贝母,粉碎成细粉,备用;
B、按组方比例称取麻黄、连翘、炒苦杏仁、半夏、牛蒡子、大黄加40%乙醇回流提取2次,每次4小时,第一次加8倍量,第二次加9倍量,提取液合并,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.14的清膏,备用;
C、按组方比例称取石膏、桑白皮、前胡、陈皮、山银花、桔梗、甘草,加水煎煮两次,每次4小时,第一次加9倍量,第二次加7倍量,煎液合并,滤过,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.16的清膏,与步骤B所得的清膏合并,备用;
D、将步骤C所得合并的清膏,喷雾干燥,收集喷雾粉备用;
E、步骤D所得喷雾粉,步骤A所得细粉,以80%乙醇为黏合剂制备软材,过筛制粒,60度干燥后,整粒。加入羧甲基淀粉钠、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁混匀,按常规制剂方法制成片剂,即得。
实施例3
处方:
麻黄69克;石膏259克;连翘259克;黄芩104克;桑白皮259克;炒苦杏仁104克;前胡104克;清半夏104克;陈皮104克;浙贝母104克; 牛蒡子104克;山银花104克;大黄52克;桔梗61克;甘草52克。
制备方法:
A、按组方比例称取浙贝母,粉碎成细粉,备用;
B、按组方比例称取麻黄、连翘、炒苦杏仁、清半夏、牛蒡子、大黄加70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,第一次加10倍量,第二次加6倍量,提取液合并,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.16的清膏,备用;
C、按组方比例称取石膏、桑白皮、前胡、陈皮、山银花、桔梗、甘草,加水煎煮两次,每次1小时,第一次加11倍量,第二次加7倍量,煎液合并,滤过,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.14的清膏,与步骤B所得的清膏合并,备用;
D、将步骤C所得合并的清膏,喷雾干燥,收集喷雾粉备用;
E、步骤D所得喷雾粉,步骤A所得细粉,以80%乙醇为黏合剂制备软材,过筛制粒,60度干燥后,整粒。加入羧甲基淀粉钠、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁混匀,按常规制剂方法制成片剂,即得。
实施例4:
原料药配方为:
麻黄55克;石膏254克;连翘318克;黄芩107克;桑白皮203克;炒苦杏仁107克;前胡82克;半夏105克;陈皮84克;浙贝母125克; 牛蒡子122克;山银花113克;大黄42克;桔梗60克; 甘草50克。
制备方法:
A、按组方比例称取浙贝母,粉碎成细粉,备用;
B、按组方比例称取麻黄、连翘、炒苦杏仁、半夏、牛蒡子、大黄加60%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2小时,第一次加9倍量,第二次加7倍量,提取液合并,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.15的清膏,备用;
C、按组方比例称取石膏、桑白皮、前胡、陈皮、山银花、桔梗、甘草,加水煎煮两次,每次2.5小时,第一次加10倍量,第二次加7倍量,煎液合并,滤过,浓缩至60℃热测相对密度为1.14的清膏,与步骤B所得的清膏合并,备用;
D、将步骤C所得合并的清膏,喷雾干燥,收集喷雾粉备用;
E、步骤D所得喷雾粉,步骤A所得细粉,以80%乙醇为黏合剂制备软材,过筛制粒,60度干燥后,整粒。加入羧甲基淀粉钠、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁混匀,按常规制剂方法制成片剂,即得。
实施例5:
麻黄62克 石膏220克 连翘256克 黄芩90克 桑白皮300克
苦杏仁90克 前胡90克 半夏90克 陈皮100克 贝母100克 牛蒡子100克 金银花100克 大黄50克 桔梗66克 甘草50克
以上药材,按常规方法制成胶囊剂即得。
实施例6:
麻黄68克 石膏215克 连翘215克 黄芩100克 桑白皮220克
苦杏仁90克 前胡90克 半夏90克 陈皮90克 贝母90克
牛蒡子90克 金银花90克 大黄50克 桔梗50克 甘草50克
以上药材,按常规方法制成颗粒剂即得。
实施例7:
麻黄50克 石膏200克 连翘300克 黄芩100克 桑白皮250克
苦杏仁100克 前胡100克 半夏100克 陈皮100克 贝母100克
牛蒡子100克 金银花100克 大黄50克 桔梗50克 甘草50克
以上药材,按常规方法制成注射剂即得。
实施例8:
麻黄60克 石膏200克 连翘200克 黄芩95克 桑白皮230克
苦杏仁95克 前胡95克 半夏95克 陈皮95克 贝母95克
牛蒡子95克 金银花95克 大黄50克 桔梗50克 甘草50克
以上药材,按常规方法制成丸剂即得。
实验例:
为证实本发明中药组合物具有抗病毒的疗效,用按本发明药物组合物实施例3制备方法,压片前的颗粒作为供试品(以下称本发明药物),委托北京中医药大学进行了以下药理试验研究:
本发明药物组合物抗小鼠甲型流感病毒试验研究
一、本发明药物组合物体外抗小鼠甲型流感病毒试验研究
实验材料
1、药品与试剂:
(1)受试药本发明药物组合物:由石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司提供。试验所用为本发明药物组合物颗粒,本品性状为棕黄色粉末,每克颗粒相当于4.095克生药。用量为每日生药22g /人,片剂口服,人体重以60kg计,折合0.367g/kg。
(2) 阳性药为双黄连口服液,哈药集团三精制药股份有限公司生产。本品为棕色澄清液体,味甜微苦。功能与主治:辛凉解表、清热解毒。适用于病毒和细菌感染引起的上呼吸道感染,咽炎,扁桃体炎等。说明书中没有标明每毫升所含生药量,故抗病毒试验以双黄连的稀释倍数表示。
2、病毒株和细胞株:
(1)病毒株:流感病毒亚甲型鼠肺适应株(FM1),中国中医科学院中药所提供。于九日龄鸡胚尿囊腔连续传代2次后,取病毒液测血凝滴度为1:512,分装后于-76℃冻存备用。
(2)细胞株:犬肾细胞株(MDCK)购自军事医学科学院细胞室,由本室常规冻存、复苏、传代后使用。
3、培养基:DMEM培养基,GBICO公司产品。DMEM生长液为含10%新生牛血清的DMEM培养液,DMEM维持液为不含血清而含0.002 mg/ml胰蛋白酶的DMEM液。
4、仪器:倒置显微镜为日本Olympus产品、CalaxyS型CO2培养箱为RSBiotech公司产品。
方法与结果
1、细胞准备:MDCK传代细胞培养3-5d,使之成片,界线清晰,立体感及折光度强时,用胰酶消化,待细胞面出现针尖样小孔,吸尽消化液,取数毫升培养液吹散细胞,计数,用培养液稀释至约3×108/L后,接种于96孔培养板内,待细胞长成单层。
2、本发明药物组合物的配制:称取4.88g的本发明药物组合物浸膏粉,溶于40ml生理盐水中,相当于500mg生药/ml。高压灭菌置4℃冰箱冷藏5日后,5000rpm离心20min,取上清供体外试验用。
3、流感病毒TCID50的测定:用无血清DMEM培养液对流感病毒FM1鼠肺适应株行连续10倍递次稀释,将各稀释度的病毒接种于3×108 /L的MDCK细胞中,每个稀释度平行做6个复孔,同时设正常细胞对照。37℃吸附2 h后吸弃病毒液换用维持液继续培养,每日在倒置显微镜下观察细胞病变效应(CPE),并记录病变程度和孔数,以细胞对照无明显退变,病毒感染细胞病变率达50%及以上的细胞孔为病变孔,细胞病变率小于50%的为非病变孔,按Reed-Muench法计算病毒的TCID50(median tissue culture infective dosage)。结果显示实验所采用的流感病毒株的TCID50为5×10-4。
4、本发明药物组合物细胞毒性测定:
待MDCK细胞生长状态最好时,用0. 02% EDTA和0. 5%胰酶消化细胞,用生长液调整细胞至所需浓度,将该细胞液加入96孔细胞培养板中,100μL/孔,于37℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养至致密细胞单层。用维持液将本发明药物组合物稀释为不同浓度,分别为500mg/ml、250mg/ml、125mg/ml、62.5 mg/ml、31.3mg/ml、15.6mg/ml、7.8mg/ml、3.9mg/ml;加入细胞培养板中,100μL/孔,则培养孔中的药物终浓度分别为250mg/ml、125mg/ml、62.5 mg/ml、31.3mg/ml、15.6mg/ml、7.8mg/ml、3.9mg/ml、1.9 mg/ml;双黄连以原液为原始浓度,依次对倍稀释,加入到培养孔中。每个药物稀释浓度平行做3个复孔,同时设正常细胞对照。于37℃5% CO2培养箱中培养,每天镜下观察细胞病变(CPE),求出药液致细胞毒性,计算最大无毒浓度。结果显示:双黄连口服液的最大无毒浓度为原液的1:1稀释液,本发明药物组合物的最大无毒浓度为150mg/ml。
4、本发明药物组合物对小鼠流感病毒致细胞病变作用的影响:
将2×106/ml的 MDCK按接种于96孔培养板,100μL/孔,置37℃ 5% CO2培养24h后,形成细胞单层。用不含血清的DMEM液洗涤细胞2次,加入50×TCID50(50倍致50%细胞病变浓度)的病毒液,100μL/孔,37℃ 5% CO2培养箱吸附2h,然后吸去病毒液,加入无毒浓度范围内对倍稀释的5个剂量的本发明药物组合物,分别为125、63、31、16和8mg/ml。再经37℃ 5%CO2培养7d,每日显微镜下观察细胞病变(CPE)情况。每个剂量药物加入4孔,实验同时设细胞对照组,双黄连对照组及病毒对照组,与实验组同时观察CPE。以发生CPE细胞比例表示CPE的程度,按以下6级标准判断:(-)细胞正常生长,无病变出现;(±)细胞病变少于整个细胞单层的10%;(+)细胞病变少于整个细胞单层的25%;(++)25%-50%细胞产生病变;(+++)50%-75%细胞产生病变;(++++)75%-100%细胞产生病变。根据CPE的程度,采用Reed-Muench法计算,确定药物半数有效浓度(IC50)。结果显示,本发明药物在31-125mg/ml浓度对流感病毒所致细胞病变有一定的保护作用,其IC50=65.4mg/ml。双黄连口服液IC50约为1:8稀释度。见表1。
小结
(1)小鼠流感病毒TCID50为5×10-4。
(2)阳性对照药双黄连口服液浓度在1:8稀释-1:1稀释范围内,均有抑制流感病毒对细胞所致的病变的作用,其IC50约为1:8稀释度。
(3)本发明药物31-125 mg/ml浓度对流感病毒所致细胞病变有保护作用,其IC50为65.4mg/ml。
(二)本发明药物组合物体内抗小鼠甲型流感病毒试验研究
实验材料
1、动物:ICR小鼠,雌雄各半,体重13-15g,购于北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,许可证编号SCXK(京2005-2006)。
2、药品与试剂:
(1)受试药本发明药物组合物,同实验一。本品临用前用0.5%CMC-Na配成所需浓度使用。
(2) 阳性药为双黄连口服液,同实验一。
3、病毒株:同实验一。
4、仪器:400R型高速冷冻离心机为德国Heraeus产品,AE100型分析天平为瑞士METTLER公司产品。
方法与结果
1、病毒毒力测定:乙醚轻度麻醉小鼠,滴鼻感染,每鼻孔不同稀释度病毒50μl,记录死亡百分数,计算最小致死量和LD50。结果显示本次实验所用病毒的LD50为2.5×10-5。
2、本发明药物组合物对流感病毒鼠肺适应株FM1感染小鼠所致死亡的保护作用:
(1)动物分组及处理:78只ICR小鼠随机分为5组,即流感模型对照组(灌胃给等体积0.5%CMC-Na);双黄连组(灌胃给10ml/kg,相当于人日用量的10倍);本发明药物组合物组,灌胃给药,剂量分别为1.9g/kg(相当于人日用量的5倍)、3.7g/kg(相当于人日用量的10倍)、7.4g/kg(相当于人用量的20倍)。各组小鼠连续给药5日,给药容积为0.4ml/20g体重。
(2)本发明药物组合物对小鼠流感病毒性后死亡的保护作用:各组小鼠于感染前一天开始灌胃给药,连续5d,病毒性肺炎模型组灌服等体积溶媒。给药后第2天,各组小鼠均在乙醚浅度麻醉滴鼻感染流感病毒鼠肺适应株FM1,接种病毒量为10倍LD50,感染后每日观测小鼠,记录死亡的小鼠数,感染后2周终止试验,未死亡小鼠生存时间按14日计算。统计学处理采用SPSS软件进行Chi-Square Tests和T-test。结果显示,本发明药物组合物大、中剂量均能显著降低小鼠感染流感病毒后的死亡率,并能显著延长感染病毒小鼠的生存时间。见表2、3、图1。
3、本发明药物组合物对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎的影响:
(1)动物分组及处理:70只ICR小鼠随机分为6组,即正常对照组(灌胃给等体积0.5%CMC-Na);病毒性肺炎模型组(灌胃给等体积0.5%CMC-Na),双黄连组(灌胃给10ml/kg,相当于人日用量的10倍);本发明药物组合物组,灌胃给药,剂量分别为1.9g/kg(相当于人日用量的5倍)、3.7g/kg(相当于人日用量的10倍)、7.4g/kg(相当于人日用量的20倍)。除正常对照组外,其余各组均鼻腔吸入流感病毒制备感病毒感染性肺炎模型。
(2)本发明药物组合物对小鼠病毒性肺炎肺指数的影响:各组小鼠于感染前一天开始灌胃给药,连续5d,正常对照组及病毒性肺炎模型组灌服等体积溶媒。给药后第2天,除正常对照组外各组小鼠均在乙醚浅度麻醉滴鼻感染流感病毒鼠肺适应株FM1,接种病毒量为10倍LD50,感染后5天解剖,取肺称重,按下式计算肺指数。结果显示病毒模型组肺脏指数较正常对照组显著增加,本发明药物组合物大、中剂量则能显著降低模型小鼠的肺脏指数。统计学处理采用SPSS软件进行t检验。结果见表4。
3)本发明药物组合物对小鼠病毒性肺炎肺脏中病毒滴度的影响:采用血凝法测定。小鼠给药与制备病毒性肺炎模型同上。接种病毒后5天脱颈处死小鼠,解剖取肺,组织匀浆器研磨,生理盐水制成10%的肺组织悬液,离心取上清,倍比稀释,按0.2ml/孔滴于滴定板上后,每孔加入0.2ml 1%鸡红细胞悬液,混匀,置室温30min,观察记录血凝滴度。以红细胞凝集(++)时为终点,以悬液稀释倍数的倒数表示小鼠肺脏中病毒的滴度。结果显示,本发明药物组合物大、中剂量组中鼠肺中病毒含量较模型组显著降低。统计学处理采用SPSS软件进行t检验。结果见表5。
小结
(1)小鼠感染10倍LD50的流感病毒鼠肺适应株FM1后死亡率达100%。
(2)双黄连10ml/kg剂量能使小鼠感染病毒的死亡率显著下降为53%,并延长小鼠生存时间。
(3)本发明药物组合物7.4g/kg、3.7g/kg剂量可使小鼠感染流感病毒后的死亡率下降为50%和63%,与模型组比较p<0.01。本发明药物组合物7.4g/kg、3.7g/kg及1.9g/kg三个剂量能显著延长感染病毒小鼠的生存时间,与模型组比较p<0.01。
(4)流感病毒感染模型小鼠的肺指数较正常对照小鼠显著增加,p<0.01,此外模型小鼠肺脏中病毒滴度达34.7±9.2,正常对照小鼠肺脏未检测到流感病毒。
(5)双黄连10ml/kg剂量能显著降低病毒感染小鼠的肺指数及肺脏中病毒滴度,p<0.01。
(6)本发明药物组合物7.4g/kg和3.7g/kg剂量能显著抑制病毒感染小鼠的肺指数及肺脏中病毒滴度,与模型组比较,p<0.01。
讨论与结论
本发明药物组合物体外抗流感病毒作用显示本发明药物组合物31-125mg/ml浓度对流感病毒所致细胞病变有一定的保护作用,其IC50为65.4mg/ml。本发明药物组合物体外对流感病毒抑制作用不如体内,可能与其是中药复方,溶解度较差有关。
本发明药物组合物体内抗流感病毒显示:7.4g/kg、3.7g/kg剂量可使小鼠感染流感病毒后的死亡率下降为50%和63%,与模型组比较p<0.05。本发明药物组合物7.4g/kg、3.7g/kg和1.9g/kg剂量均能显著延长感染病毒小鼠的生存时间,与模型组比较p<0.01。本发明药物组合物7.4g/kg和3.7g/kg剂量能显著抑制病毒感染小鼠的肺指数及肺脏中病毒滴度,与模型组比较,p<0.01和p<0.05。
结论:本发明药物组合物体外有抗病毒作用。本发明药物组合物大剂量(7.4g/kg)、中剂量(3.7g/kg)体内给药具有显著的抵抗小鼠感染金流感病毒的作用,即降低小鼠死亡率、延长生存时间、缓解肺脏病变并降低肺脏中病毒含量。
实验二:本发明药物组合物体外对新型冠状病毒(SARS-COV-2)的作用
1 材料
1.1 药物 本发明药物组合物,石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司。
1.2 细胞:VeroE6细胞,由广州呼吸健康研究院呼吸疾病国家重点实验室病毒室保存。
1.3 病毒:SARS-CoV-2,滴度为TCID50=10-6/100μL,由广州海关技术中心BSL-3实验室(呼吸疾病国家重点实验室高治病病原微生物研究室)-80℃保存。使用病毒滴度为100TCID50。
2 方法
2.1 药物溶解方法:本发明药物组合物用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解,采用超声助溶,离心后取上清过滤备用,用培养基稀释成所需的浓度。
2.2 MTT法测定本发明药物组合物体外毒性
VeroE6细胞接种于96 孔板,每孔加入100μL浓度为2×105 cells/mL VeroE6细胞,设4个复孔,37℃ 5% CO2培养,待细胞长成单层,细胞分为空白组(不含细胞,仅有培养基)、溶剂对照组(DMSO组)、本发明药物组合物组。细胞5% CO2、37℃孵育 48小时,实验结束前4h加入100uL 1mg/mL的MTT溶液,继续培养4h,终止培养,每孔加入100uL DMSO,置摇床上低速振荡 10 分钟。在全波长扫描仪上测量在490 nm 波长各孔的吸光值,用GraphPadPrism6.0计算药物的TC50值。
2.3 体外抗流感病毒活性筛选
以细胞病变抑制法对药物进行抗病毒活性检测。VeroE6细胞接种于96 孔板,每孔加入100μL浓度为2×105 cells/mL VeroE6细胞,设4个复孔,37℃ 5% CO2培养,待细胞长成单层,弃去培养液,以PBS洗涤细胞表面2次。细胞分为空白组、溶剂对照组、病毒对照(阴性对照)组和本发明药物组合物组。VeroE6细胞加入含100TCID50的SARS-CoV-2病毒稀释液100uL/孔,培养箱中孵育,2小时后弃去病毒液,加入含待测药物的培养基,培养箱中继续孵育48小时,每天观察并记录细胞病变。细胞出现病变程度按以下6级标准记录:“-”无病变出现;“±”为细胞病变少于10%;“+”为细胞病变约25%;“+ +”为细胞病变约50%;“+ + +”为约75%的细胞出现病变:“+ + + +”为75%以上病变。用GraphPad Prism6.0计算半数抑制浓度(IC50)。
2.4 数据分析:计算选择指数SI,SI=TC50/IC50。
3 结果
3.1 本发明药物组合物对VeroE6细胞的毒性实验结果本发明药物组合物对VeroE6细胞的TC50为3383μg/ml。见表6。
3.2 本发明药物组合物对SARS-CoV-2病毒的实验结果 本发明药物组合物对SARS-CoV-2病毒的IC50为583μg/ml。见表7。经计算,SI=TC50/IC50=5.8。
4 结论
本发明药物组合物有抗SARS-CoV-2病毒的作用,其选择指数SI为5.8。
Claims (7)
1.一种中药组合物在制备抗新冠病毒药物中的应用,其特征在于所述中药组合物由下列重量份的原料药制成:
麻黄52-86 ;石膏194-324; 连翘194-324 ;黄芩78-130 ;桑白皮194-324;苦杏仁78-130; 前胡78-130; 半夏78-130; 陈皮78-130; 贝母78-130; 牛蒡子78-130; 金银花78-130; 大黄39-65; 桔梗46-76; 甘草39-65。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于由下列重量份的原料药制成:
麻黄52; 石膏 324; 连翘194; 黄芩78; 桑白皮194; 苦杏仁130; 前胡78; 半夏130;陈皮78; 贝母78; 牛蒡子130; 金银花130; 大黄39; 桔梗76; 甘草65。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于由下列重量份的原料药制成:
麻黄86;石膏194;连翘324;黄芩130;桑白皮324;苦杏仁78;前胡130;半夏78;陈皮130;贝母130; 牛蒡子78;金银花78 ;大黄65;桔梗46; 甘草39。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于由下列重量份的原料药制成:
麻黄69;石膏259;连翘259;黄芩104;桑白皮259;苦杏仁104;前胡104;半夏104;陈皮104;贝母104; 牛蒡子104;金银花104;大黄52;桔梗61;甘草52。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于由下列重量份的原料药制成:
麻黄55;石膏254;连翘318;黄芩107;桑白皮203;苦杏仁107;前胡82;半夏105;陈皮84;贝母125; 牛蒡子122;金银花113;大黄42;桔梗60; 甘草50。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其特征在于所述苦杏仁为炒苦杏仁、贝母为浙贝母、金银花为山银花、半夏为清半夏。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其特征在于所述药物剂型为片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、颗粒剂、口服液、丸剂、酊剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂。
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