CN113317159A - Cultivation medium for Chinese violet and open field cultivation method thereof - Google Patents
Cultivation medium for Chinese violet and open field cultivation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317159A CN113317159A CN202110757865.2A CN202110757865A CN113317159A CN 113317159 A CN113317159 A CN 113317159A CN 202110757865 A CN202110757865 A CN 202110757865A CN 113317159 A CN113317159 A CN 113317159A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention discloses a culture medium for Chinese violet and an open field culture method thereof, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 2-5 parts of garden soil, 1-5 parts of fine sand, 1-3 parts of composite humus soil, 1-3 parts of earthworm soil and 900-1100 kg/hm of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2. The culture medium is rich in microorganisms and organic matters, can dynamically improve the soil quality of the roadbed slope, and plays a positive role in promoting the ecological restoration of the roadbed slope; the cultivation method is simple and easy to implement, does not need greenhouse seedling raising and multiple topdressing, and the cultivation period is shortened from year-crossing to year-sowing and year-round harvest; and can significantly improve the open field planting seedling rate and root holding capacity of the Chinese violetThe germination rate of the bunge corydalis herb seeds in 2 weeks reaches 95%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of Chinese violet, in particular to a cultivation medium for the Chinese violet and an open field cultivation method thereof.
Background
Although the existing grasses selected for green protection of the roadbed side slope, such as bermuda grass, zoysia japonica, ryegrass and the like, are easy to manage, the defects of low ornamental value and economic value exist.
Viola yedoensis Makino is a perennial root herbaceous plant originally produced in Viola of Violaceae in China, and widely grows in fields, wastelands, hillside grass clumps, forest edges or brush clumps in various parts of China. The Chinese violet has long flowering phase and bright color, has unique ornamental value, can be applied to the roadbed side slope, is beneficial to enriching the vegetation types of the side slope, increases the shear strength of soil and improves the landscape effect of the roadbed side slope.
The existing cultivation method of the viola yedoensis makino mainly adopts greenhouse cultivation, the seedling rate of spring sowing is still low even if greenhouse breeding is adopted due to the fact that fresh seeds have after-ripening physiological phenomena, and the cultivation period is long although the seedling rate is slightly high in autumn sowing, and the maintenance management of the viola yedoensis makino needs to be carried out in a cross-year mode. The average length of root systems of the Chinese violet is distributed between 8.08 and 11.92cm, the emergence rate is the highest in 8-month sowing and reaches 65.3 percent, but the Chinese violet needs to be fertilized for multiple times in a cross-year mode, and the management is complex, so that the existing Chinese violet cultivation method is mostly limited to the lawn in cities or suburbs and cannot be applied to the roadbed slopes at the periphery of the cities, which have poor growth conditions and difficult management.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a culture medium for the Chinese violet and an open field culture method thereof, which can effectively solve the problems of low seedling rate, poor root system holding capacity, complex later period management, incapability of being suitable for the roadbed side slope at the periphery of a city with poor growth condition and difficult management in the existing Chinese violet culture method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a culture medium for Chinese violet, which comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 2-5 parts of garden soil, 1-5 parts of fine sand, 1-3 parts of composite humus soil, 1-3 parts of earthworm soil and 900-1100 kg/hm of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2。
Further, the culture medium of the Chinese violet comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 2 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of fine sand, 1 part of composite humus soil, 1 part of earthworm soil and 1000kg/hm of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2。
Further, the compound humus is oak leaf/pine needle compound humus.
Further, the oak leaf/pine needle composite humus soil is prepared by the following method:
step (1): adding the crushed oak leaves and the crushed pine needles into a heating device, heating for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 100-110 ℃, then cooling to 50-65 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an oak leaf/pine needle mixture;
step (2): piling the oak leaves/pine needle mixture obtained in the step (1) into a decomposed pile, adding water until the mixture is saturated, and covering a transparent film; wherein the mass ratio of the oak leaves to the pine needles is 2-5: 1-2;
and (3): turning the decomposed piles obtained in the step (2) once every 15-20 days, and stacking for 2 months while maintaining the temperature below 50 ℃.
The size of the decomposed piles is not particularly limited, and the piles can be stacked according to actual use amount and requirements.
Further, the mass ratio of the oak leaves to the pine needles in the mixture of the oak leaves and the pine needles in the step (2) is 2: 1.
Furthermore, the total nutrient of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent.
Further, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing urea and K according to the mass ratio of 10-17: 12-17: 4-72O and P2O5Compounding to obtain the product; among them, the mass ratio is preferably 15:15: 5.
Further, the thickness of the culture substrate is 15-20 cm.
The invention also provides an open field cultivation method of the viola yedoensis makino, and the cultivation medium is adopted as the cultivation medium of the viola yedoensis makino.
Further, the open field cultivation method of the Chinese violet comprises the following steps: uniformly scattering the pretreated Chinese violet seeds in the culture medium thoroughly watered with water, then sequentially covering a layer of garden soil and non-woven fabric, and watering and managing.
Furthermore, the thousand seed weight of the Chinese violet seeds is more than or equal to 0.85 g.
Further, the viola yedoensis seed pretreatment process adopts a wet tissue paper soaking method for soaking treatment, and the specific process is as follows: before sowing, seeds are placed on wet paper towels, and then the wet paper towels are placed into a shallow basin filled with warm water of 25-30 ℃ together for soaking for 20-24 hours.
Furthermore, the covering thickness of the garden soil is less than or equal to 0.3 cm.
Further, the spreading density is 3-7 g/m2。
Further, the concrete process of watering management is as follows: watering once every morning, noon and evening at the initial stage of sowing, and completely watering; watering for 1-2 times every day when the number of the seedling leaves exceeds 4, and watering thoroughly when the watering interval time is 8-12 hours.
Further, the open field cultivation method of the Chinese violet also comprises the step of removing the non-woven fabric when the Chinese violet seedlings grow to 2-3 cm.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the cultivation substrate for the philippine violet herb provided by the invention has the advantages that garden soil is replaced by a mixture of garden soil and fine sand, the sand-soil ratio of the soil is increased, and the water permeability of the soil is improved; further improving the air permeability and drainage effect of the soil by using the oak leaves/pine needle compound humus, and simultaneously, because the rotten leaf soil is rich in various organic matters and is slowly released, no farmyard manure needs to be added in later management; meanwhile, the culture medium is matched with the earthworm soil in the soil matrix for use, the soil is soft and does not float slightly, the soil aggregate structure is good, the growth of the root system of the plant is facilitated, the absorbed moisture and nutrients can be more sufficient, and the growth of the root system of the Chinese violet is promoted; in addition, the earthworm soil also contains a plurality of microorganisms which can mineralize complex substances into effective substances which are easy to be absorbed by plants, thus indirectly assisting the emergence rate and accelerating the growth; finally, the addition of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium slow/controlled release compound fertilizer can ensure that the Chinese violet does not need to be additionally added with the fertilizer within 3 months, and is suitable for a cultivation management mode of extensive compound roadbed slopes with poor growth conditions and difficult management.
2. The culture medium is rich in microorganisms and organic matters, can dynamically improve the soil quality of the roadbed slope, and plays a positive role in promoting the ecological restoration of the roadbed slope. The culture medium does not need to use a large amount of farmyard manure additionally and is replaced by the cheap and small amount of controlled-release compound fertilizer.
3. The open field cultivation method for the Chinese violet provided by the invention has the advantages that the thousand seed weight of the Chinese violet is monitored before sowing, so that the quality of seeds is guaranteed; warm water soaking before sowing can effectively shorten the seed germination time and utilize the characteristic that the heat resistance of the seeds is higher than that of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic substances inside and outside the seeds are eliminated by the warm water, and diseases in the seedling stage are prevented and controlled; meanwhile, because the seed particles of the Chinese violet are fine, a wet tissue soaking method is adopted, namely, the seeds are placed on the wet tissue and then are placed in a shallow basin, so that the bottom of the shallow basin is soaked into the wet tissue, and then the seeds are sown; the covering of the nonwoven fabric after seeding is particularly important in the case of windy and rainy weather. The surface temperature can be increased after the covering. The germination time of the seeds is shortened, the lawn bed is kept moist, water is saved, transpiration is reduced, and the greenhouse effect is achieved.
4. The cultivation method is simple and easy to implement, does not need greenhouse seedling raising and multiple topdressing, and shortens the cultivation period from year-crossing to year-sowing and year-round harvest; and the open field cultivation seedling rate and the root system holding capacity of the Chinese violet can be obviously improved, and the germination rate of the Chinese violet seeds in 2 weeks reaches 95%.
5. When the oak leaves/pine needles compound humus soil is adopted as the humus soil, high-temperature preheating and low-temperature activation of the oak leaves and the pine needles are carried out at a specific temperature in advance, so that organic matters contained in the oak leaves and the pine needles in the humus soil are released more fully, and the fertilizer retention property of the culture medium is improved; in addition, the processing and manufacturing period of the humus is shortened through high-temperature preheating and low-temperature activation treatment, and the problem that the prepared oak leaves and pine needle humus are smelly is avoided.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, i.e., the described embodiments are merely a subset of the embodiments of the invention and not all embodiments.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an open field cultivation method of Chinese violet, which specifically comprises the following steps: the Chinese violet seeds harvested in the previous year, the thousand seed weight of which is 0.90 g, are placed in a dry and ventilated place for storage for overwintering, the seeds are placed on a wet tissue before 3 months of sowing, and then are placed into a shallow basin filled with warm water at 25 ℃ together for soaking for 24 hours; the cultivation soil matrix is thoroughly watered with water two days in advance, and seeds soaked in warm water are uniformly sown in the matrix with the sowing density of 5g/m2(ii) a Covering with garden soil to a thickness of 0.3cm or less, covering with a layer of degradable environment-friendly non-woven fabric, removing herba Violae seedling when it grows to 2cm, and watering in the early stage of sowing once every morning, noon and evening; watering for 2 times every day when the number of leaves of the seedling exceeds 4, wherein the watering interval time is 12 hours, and the seedlings can be watered thoroughly;
the adopted culture medium comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 2 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of fine sand, 1 part of oak leaf/pine needle composite humus soil and 1 part of earthworm soil, wherein after being uniformly mixed, urea and K are added according to the mass ratio of 15:15:52O and P2O5The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is prepared by compounding 1000kg/hm2；
The oak leaf/pine needle composite humus soil is prepared by the following method:
step (1): adding the crushed oak leaves and the crushed pine needles into a heating device according to the mass ratio of 2:1, heating for 25 minutes at 105 ℃, then cooling to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an oak leaf/pine needle mixture;
step (2): piling the oak leaves/pine needle mixture obtained in the step (1) into a decomposed pile, adding water until the mixture is saturated, and covering a transparent film;
and (3): turning the decomposed piles obtained in the step (2) once every 15 days, and stacking for 2 months while maintaining the temperature below 50 ℃.
Example 2
The present example provides an open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino, which is different from example 1 only in that: the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 5 parts of garden soil, 5 parts of fine sand, 3 parts of oak leaves/pine needle composite humus soil and 3 parts of earthworm soil, wherein urea and K are added into the mixture according to the mass ratio of 17:15:72O and P2O5The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is prepared by compounding 1000kg/hm2(ii) a The oak leaf/pine needle composite humus soil is prepared by the following method: step (1): adding the crushed oak leaves and the crushed pine needles into a heating device according to the mass ratio of 1:1, heating for 25 minutes at 105 ℃, then cooling to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an oak leaf/pine needle mixture; step (2): piling the oak tree leaf/pine needle mixture obtained in the step (1) into a decomposed pile, adding water until the mixture is saturated, and covering a transparent film; and (3): turning the decomposed piles obtained in the step (2) once every 15 days, and stacking for 2 months while maintaining the temperature below 50 ℃. The remaining steps and parameters are the same.
Example 3
The present example provides an open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino, which is different from example 2 only in that: the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 2 parts of garden soil, 1 part of fine sand, 1 part of oak leaf/pine needle composite humus soil and 1 part of earthworm soil, wherein after being uniformly mixed, urea and K are added according to the mass ratio of 10:12:42O and P2O5The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is prepared by compounding 1000kg/hm2(ii) a The rest steps and parameters are the same.
Comparative example 1
The present example provides an open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino, which is different from example 1 only in that: the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 2 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of fine sand, 1 part of oak leaf humus soil and 2 parts of earthworm soil, and after being uniformly mixed, urea and K are added according to the mass ratio of 15:15:52O and P2O5The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer prepared by compounding is 1000kg/hm2(ii) a The other steps (including the preparation method of the humus soil) and parameters are the same.
Comparative example 2
The present example provides an open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino, which is different from example 1 only in that: the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 2 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of fine sand, 1 part of pine needle humus soil and 2 parts of earthworm soil, and after being uniformly mixed, urea and K are added according to the mass ratio of 15:15:52O and P2O5Compounding to obtain 1000kg/hm2 of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the other steps (including the preparation method of the humus soil) and parameters are the same.
Comparative example 3
The present example provides an open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino, which is different from example 1 only in that: the preparation method of the oak leaf/pine needle composite humus soil in the culture medium comprises the following steps: step (1): mixing the crushed oak leaves and the crushed pine needles according to the mass ratio of 2:1, piling the mixture into a decomposed pile, adding water until the mixture is saturated, and covering a transparent film; step (2): turning the decomposed piles obtained in the step (1) once every 15 days, and stacking for 2 months at the temperature below 50 ℃. The rest steps and parameters in the open field cultivation method are the same.
Comparative example 4
The present example provides an open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino, which is different from example 1 only in that: the preparation method of the oak leaf/pine needle composite humus soil in the culture medium comprises the following steps: step (1): adding the crushed oak leaves and the crushed pine needles into a heating device according to the mass ratio of 2:1, heating for 25 minutes at 135 ℃, then cooling to 80 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an oak leaf/pine needle mixture; step (2): piling the oak leaves/pine needle mixture obtained in the step (1) into a decomposed pile, adding water until the mixture is saturated, and covering a transparent film; and (3): turning the decomposed piles obtained in the step (2) once every 15 days, and stacking for 2 months while maintaining the temperature below 50 ℃. The rest steps and parameters in the open field cultivation method are the same.
Comparative example 5
The present example provides an open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino, which is different from example 1 only in that: the preparation method of the oak leaf/pine needle composite humus soil in the culture medium comprises the following steps: step (1): adding the crushed oak leaves and the crushed pine needles into a heating device according to the mass ratio of 1:4, heating for 25 minutes at 105 ℃, then cooling to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an oak leaf/pine needle mixture; step (2): piling the oak leaves/pine needle mixture obtained in the step (1) into a decomposed pile, adding water until the mixture is saturated, and covering a transparent film; and (3): turning the decomposed piles obtained in the step (2) once every 15 days, and stacking for 2 months while maintaining the temperature below 50 ℃. The rest steps and parameters in the open field cultivation method are the same.
Examples of the experiments
In this example, the cultivation results of Viola yedoensis Makino in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 were examined and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of Viola yedoensis Makino in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4
As can be seen from the above table, the embodiments 1 to 3 show that the invention provides a cultivation medium for sowing seedlings in the same year and cultivating the viola yedoensis makino in the open air and a cultivation method without multiple topdressing, which effectively improves the rate of emergence and the growth speed of the viola yedoensis makino, promotes the generation of root systems (the number and the diameter are increased), improves the holding capacity (the tensile strength is slightly improved) of the viola yedoensis makino root systems, and solves the problem of applying the viola yedoensis makino to the roadbed side slope; in the comparative examples 1 to 5, due to the difference of the humus soil, the synergistic effect among the components of the culture medium is weakened, and the overall performance of the culture medium is influenced, so that the seedling rate and the root system holding capacity of the Chinese violet are influenced.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present disclosure and it is within the scope of the present disclosure that modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or substitutions in a similar manner by those skilled in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
Claims (10)
1. Cultivation of Chinese violetA matrix, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by volume and concentrations: 2-5 parts of garden soil, 1-5 parts of fine sand, 1-3 parts of composite humus soil, 1-3 parts of earthworm soil and 900-1100 kg/hm of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2。
2. The cultivation substrate for Chinese violet according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by volume and concentration: 2 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of fine sand, 1 part of composite humus soil, 1 part of earthworm soil and 1000kg/hm of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2。
3. The cultivation substrate of viola yedoensis makino according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound humus is oak leaf/pine needle compound humus.
4. The cultivation substrate of Viola yedoensis Makino according to claim 3, wherein the oak leaf/pine needle compound humus soil is prepared by the following method:
step (1): adding the crushed oak leaves and the crushed pine needles into a heating device, heating for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 100-110 ℃, then cooling to 50-65 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an oak leaf/pine needle mixture;
step (2): piling the oak leaves/pine needle mixture obtained in the step (1) into a decomposed pile, adding water until the mixture is saturated, and covering a transparent film; wherein the mass ratio of the oak leaves to the pine needles is 2-5: 1-2;
and (3): turning the decomposed piles obtained in the step (2) once every 15-20 days, and stacking for 2 months while maintaining the temperature below 50 ℃.
5. The cultivation substrate for Chinese violet as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the NPK compound fertilizer comprises urea and K in a mass ratio of 10-17: 12-17: 4-72O and P2O5And (3) compounding to obtain the product.
6. The cultivation substrate for Chinese violet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the cultivation substrate is 15-20 cm.
7. An open field cultivation method of Chinese violet, characterized in that the cultivation substrate of the Chinese violet as claimed in any one of claims 1-6 is used as the cultivation substrate.
8. The open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino as claimed in claim 7, comprising the steps of: uniformly scattering the pretreated Chinese violet seeds in the culture medium thoroughly watered with water, then sequentially covering a layer of garden soil and non-woven fabric, and watering and managing.
9. The method for cultivating Viola yedoensis Makino in open air as claimed in claim 8, wherein the thousand seed weight of the seed of Viola yedoensis Makino is not less than 0.85 g.
10. The open field cultivation method of viola yedoensis makino as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pretreatment process of the viola yedoensis makino seeds adopts a wet tissue soaking method, and the specific process is as follows: before sowing, seeds are placed on wet paper towels, and then the wet paper towels are placed into a shallow basin filled with warm water of 25-30 ℃ together for soaking for 20-24 hours.
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104893734A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-09 | 山东省果树研究所 | A regulator for lowering the pH value of slightly-alkaline tea plantation soil, a preparing method thereof and applications of the regulator |
| CN107011070A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-04 | 兴义市天野农牧发展有限公司 | A kind of edible fungus culture medium containing pine needle and preparation method thereof |
| CN108496740A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-09-07 | 遵义市播州区越仙中药材种植有限公司 | Chinese violet interplanting method |
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2021
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| CN104893734A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-09 | 山东省果树研究所 | A regulator for lowering the pH value of slightly-alkaline tea plantation soil, a preparing method thereof and applications of the regulator |
| CN107011070A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-04 | 兴义市天野农牧发展有限公司 | A kind of edible fungus culture medium containing pine needle and preparation method thereof |
| CN108496740A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-09-07 | 遵义市播州区越仙中药材种植有限公司 | Chinese violet interplanting method |
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| 关正君等: "不同处理对三种野生观赏花卉种子萌发的影响", 农业与技术, vol. 28, no. 1, pages 56 - 58 * |
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