CN113304192A

CN113304192A - Composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113304192A
Application number: CN202010118546.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱盛山
Original assignee: Guangzhou Pujing Biological Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Pujing Biological Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-02-26
Filing date: 2020-02-26
Publication date: 2021-08-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composition comprises the following effective components: 200-400 parts of smelly fructus ulmi, 100-300 parts of xijiancao and 100-300 parts of X, wherein X is an adjuvant and comprises one or more of radix sophorae flavescentis, macleaya cordata and clove. The composition adopts traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as fructus ulmi, xipholidium barometz and the like as effective components, has good effect of preventing and treating adult rotifer diseases, has small toxic and side effects and no residue, and also has the functions of resisting protozoans and enhancing body immunity. The composition has wide raw material sources and low cost, can be prepared into various dosage forms, and has wide application prospect.

Description

Composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine compositions, and in particular relates to a composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The trichodiniasis is a fish disease which is more prevalent and has larger harm in the current fish culture production, fish culture areas all over the country occur, and the susceptible fishes such as grass carp, pelteobagrus fulvidraco, bighead carp, megalobrama amblycephala, silver carp, white crucian carp, weever and the like suffer great loss in fishery production every year.

The trichodiniasis is caused by a large number of trichodiniasis parasitizing on the skin or gill parts of fish bodies, the trichodiniasis parasitizing on the surfaces of the fish bodies slide back and forth on the surfaces of the fish bodies, skin tissue cells and gill tissues of hosts are stripped for nutrition, and the skin and the gill tissues are damaged, so that the breathing and the normal activities of the fish are influenced. When the gills of the fishes parasitize the trichodina, the breathing function of the gills is hindered by the influence of a large amount of mucus, and sick fishes float and the bait intake is reduced due to oxygen deficiency. When the water quality is deteriorated and the dissolved oxygen is greatly reduced, a large amount of death is easy to occur, and the economic loss is serious. The diseased fish can be damaged, so that secondary infection is easy to occur, and the disease condition is more serious. In addition, the rotifers can induce a number of bacterial fish diseases. Outbreak of fish disease is highly likely to be induced when fish carry aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas sobria, yersinia ruckeri, and the like.

The parasite carried by fish body can be killed by using trichlorfon, copper sulfate, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Most commonly, a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate is used, but the side effects of copper sulfate increase at higher temperatures. In addition, the dosage of the fish seeds with small specifications is not too large. The insecticide for killing the trichodina is preferably used once every other day, namely twice, or the number of times of insecticide application is determined according to the disease condition and the temperature. Farmers and some fish disease prevention and treatment personnel have insufficient awareness of the disease, which causes improper medication and aggravation of the disease.

The Ministry of agriculture advocates the extensive discovery of Chinese herbal medicines that can combat aquatic diseases. Therefore, in order to make the aquaculture industry develop healthily and sustainably, research and development of a Chinese herbal medicine with small toxic and side effects, no residues and difficult generation of drug resistance of pathogens becomes a task of current drug research for resisting the trichodina infectious diseases.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems, a composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis, a preparation method and an application thereof are needed.

The invention provides a composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis, which comprises the following effective components in parts by weight: 200-400 parts of smelly fructus ulmi, 100-300 parts of xijiancao and 100-300 parts of X, wherein X is an adjuvant and comprises one or more of radix sophorae flavescentis, macleaya cordata and clove.

Preferably, the effective components of the composition comprise the following components in parts by weight: 300-400 parts of smelly fructus ulmi, 150-250 parts of xijiancao and 200-300 parts of X, wherein X is an adjuvant and comprises one or more of bitter ginseng, macleaya cordata and clove.

Preferably, the composition further comprises 200-600 parts by weight of an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is glucose.

In another aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis, which comprises the following steps:

s1, mixing flos Ulmus preparatium and herba Swertiae Dilutae, extracting with 65% ethanol 10-20 times of the weight of the raw materials for 2 times, each time for 1-2 hours, and filtering; mixing the filtrates, recovering ethanol, and concentrating at 60-80 deg.C under reduced pressure to obtain first soft extract (the weight ratio of the medicinal materials to the first soft extract is 2: 1);

s2, extracting the X with 80% ethanol and 30% ethanol respectively, wherein the weight of the X is 8-12 times of that of the raw materials of the medicinal materials, extracting for 2 times, and filtering after 1-2 hours each time; mixing the filtrates, recovering ethanol at 60-80 deg.C under reduced pressure, and concentrating to obtain second soft extract (the weight ratio of the medicinal materials to the second soft extract is 2: 1); mixing the first and second soft extracts to obtain a soft extract mixture;

s3, heating water to 80-90 ℃, adding glucose, rapidly stirring until the glucose is completely dissolved, adding the thick paste mixture, and uniformly stirring at 60 ℃ under a heat preservation condition to obtain the fish trichodina composition.

Preferably, the preservative is added and stirred uniformly in step S3.

The prescription of the invention has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic material, expelling pathogenic factors and strengthening body resistance of the traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of resisting bacteria, killing insects and regulating immunity of the modern medicine, and is a good prescription for preventing and treating fish trichodina infectious diseases. Wherein, the smelly fructus ulmi is pungent, mild and nontoxic, and has the functions of killing insects and regulating qi, and is the main component of the prescription of the invention; the sword grass has slightly bitter taste and cool property, and can clear away heat and toxic materials, kill insects and prevent corrosion; the sophora flavescens is bitter in taste and cold in nature, clears heat and dries dampness, and kills insects; macleaya cordata is bitter, pungent, cold in nature, warm, toxic in nature, capable of dispelling wind, detoxifying, relieving pain and killing insects; clove is pungent and warm, and has the functions of dispelling cold, relieving pain, resisting bacteria and improving the immunity of the organism.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the composition adopts traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as fructus ulmi, xipholidium barometz and the like as effective components, has good effect of preventing and treating adult rotifer diseases, has small toxic and side effects, does not have residues, and also has the functions of resisting protozoa and enhancing body immunity. The composition has the advantages of wide raw material source, low cost, capability of being prepared into various formulations and more flexible application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

Example 1

A composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis is a medicament prepared from Clerodendrum Ulmus, herba Swertiae Divaricatae, Macleaya cordata, flos Caryophylli and glucose according to the following weight parts:

the preparation of the above composition is described in detail below:

s1, mixing flos Ulmus preparatium and herba Swertiae Dilutae, extracting with 65% ethanol 10-20 times of the weight of the raw materials for 2 times, each time for 1-2 hours, and filtering; mixing the filtrates, recovering ethanol, and concentrating at 60-80 deg.C under reduced pressure to obtain first soft extract (2: 1);

s2, mixing macleaya cordata and clove, extracting with 80% ethanol and 30% ethanol which are 8-12 times of the weight of the raw materials of; mixing the filtrates, recovering ethanol at 60-80 deg.C under reduced pressure, and concentrating to obtain second soft extract; combining the first and second thick extracts to obtain a thick extract mixture.

S3, heating water to 80-90 ℃, adding glucose, rapidly stirring until the glucose is completely dissolved, adding the thick paste mixture, keeping the temperature at 50 ℃ and stirring uniformly, adding a preservative, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed liquid medicine, cooling, putting into a filling machine, canning, and sealing to obtain the liquid preparation of the fish trichodiniasis control composition.

Example 2

A composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis is a medicament prepared from Clerodendrum Ulmus, xiphophora japonica, radix Sophorae Flavescentis and glucose according to the following weight parts:

the preparation of the above composition is described in detail below:

s2, extracting the sophora flavescens respectively with 80% ethanol and 50% ethanol which are 8-12 times of the weight of the raw materials for 2 times, each time for 1-2 hours, and filtering; mixing the filtrates, recovering ethanol at 60-80 deg.C under reduced pressure, and concentrating to obtain second soft extract; mixing the first and second soft extracts to obtain a soft extract mixture;

Example 3

the preparation of the above composition is described in detail below:

s2, mixing macleaya cordata and clove, extracting with 80% ethanol and 30% ethanol which are 8-12 times of the weight of the raw materials of; mixing the filtrates, recovering ethanol at 60-80 deg.C under reduced pressure, and concentrating to obtain second soft extract; mixing the first and second soft extracts to obtain a soft extract mixture;

Example 4

In order to verify the effect of the composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis, the inventor compares the insecticidal effect of the composition with that of a market product through experiments.

About 5g of the Scomber formosanus infected with the Trichodina (green pollution-free farm in Yangjiang city) is selected for 500 tails. Taking 5 plastic barrels with 20L, adding 10L of water in the original pond, respectively, referring to the instruction book for the administration dosage of the sample prepared according to the embodiment 3 of the invention and the pesticides (the stemona root cyrtomium powder, the Omphalia areca powder and the Trigonella foenum graecum) sold in the market, repeating the experiment for 3 times by adopting 5 times and 10 times of the administration dosage of the instruction book during the toxicity test, and setting a blank control group. During the test period, when the test fish has a poisoning phenomenon, the test fish is timely fished out and placed into clear water, gills are taken out for flaking and microscopic examination, the killing conditions of different concentrations of the medicines to the trichodinas in 48 hours of each group are observed and recorded, and the insecticidal rate of the medicines to be tested and the death rate of the test fish of each group are calculated. The test stipulates that the concentration of the drug with the insecticidal rate of less than 20% is an ineffective concentration, and the results are shown in table 1. The insecticidal rate is calculated by the following formula:

the insecticidal rate (%) - (average number of parasites surviving of control group-average number of parasites surviving of test group)/average number of parasites surviving of control group × 100%;

animal mortality (%) - (number of test animals-number of surviving animals at the time of sampling microscopic examination)/number of test animals × 100%.

Evaluation of insecticidal Activity. Taking a tested fish gill at a set insecticidal time, making a slice, observing by microscopic examination, and counting the falling condition of the parasitic worms, if the parasitic worms do not fall off, observing whether the parasitic worms die, wherein the parasitic worms do not slide back and forth or shrink within 1-2min and are shown to die, and if the sampled parasitic worms do not exist or the parasitic worms die, determining that the insecticidal rate is 100 percent; if part of the fish falls off, counting the survival number of the test fish rotifers, calculating an average value, comparing the average value with a blank control group, and calculating the insecticidal rate; mortality of the test fish was calculated in comparison to the blank control group.

Counting the average survival number of rotifer under each concentration gradient and the average survival number of rotifer in a blank control group at 48 hours, and calculating the insecticidal rate of the test drug under the concentration according to a formula; the test runs were counted and fish mortality was calculated. The survival number of the fishes tested by different test drugs,

TABLE 148 hours statistics of the killing effect of the tested drugs on Trichoderma and the poisoning condition of the tested fish

The data in the table 1 are analyzed, so that compared with a control group, when the effective dose of the experimental group is 20mg/L, the insecticidal rate is 100%, and the phenomenon of fish poisoning and death does not occur in the insecticidal concentration dose of 200 mg/L; the control groups of the stemona root and cyrtomium rhizome powder, the stone-like omphalia areca powder and the cartwheel clear have no insecticidal activity under the dosage of the administration in the specification.

Example 5

In order to verify the effect of the composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis, the inventor conducts experiments in a tilapia farm.

In 2016, 9 and 11 days, tilapia is cultured in containers in a Huada keen breeding base, the tilapia floats, the food intake is obviously reduced, the tilapia clusters gather to the sides of the containers, a large number of rotifers (20-30 parasites per visual field) are parasitized at the edges and gaps of the tail parts and the edges and the gaps of gills, the mucus of the gills is increased and whitened, and the epithelial cells of severe tilapia are necrotic, cracked and difficult to breathe, so 3-5 tilapia are dead. During treatment, 15-20 g of the preparation prepared according to the invention in example 3 is sprinkled on each cubic water body, and after 4 hours microscopic examination, the tail and the cheek of the fish have no trichodina in each visual field.

Example 5

In order to verify the effect of the composition for preventing and treating fish trichodiniasis, the inventor conducts experiments in a pelteobagrus fulvidraco pond.

In 2017, 1.2 mu of yellow catfish pond is grown in a Reye-river culturing farm in No. 8 Guangdong cis region of No. 5 month, the fish swim slowly, float head and the food intake is reduced obviously; the gill silk mucus is increased and whitened, bleeding exists, dyspnea exists, 30-40 fish die, and each visual field is examined by a microscope to show a plurality of cartwheel worms (15-35). During treatment, about two thirds of pond water is pumped into a standby pond, a preparation sample prepared according to the preparation method of the invention in example 3 is diluted by 20 times of water, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the whole pond is sprayed with the preparation for treatment, wherein the concentration of the preparation is about 15-20 PPM. After six hours, microscopic examination showed no insects.

Before taking medicine, microscopic examination (the number of worms in each visual field is 15-35);

after taking the medicine, performing microscopic examination (the number of worms in each visual field is 0).

The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composition for controlling fish trichodiniasis, comprising: 200-400 parts of smelly fructus ulmi, 100-300 parts of xijiancao and 100-300 parts of X, wherein the X is an adjuvant and comprises one or more of radix sophorae flavescentis, macleaya cordata and clove.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises: 300-400 parts of smelly fructus ulmi, 150-250 parts of xijiancao and 200-300 parts of X, wherein the X is an adjuvant and comprises one or more of radix sophorae flavescentis, macleaya cordata and clove.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises 200 to 600 parts by weight of glucose.

4. A method of preparing the composition of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

s1, mixing flos Ulmus preparatium and herba Swertiae Dilutae according to the proportion in claim 1, extracting with 65% ethanol 10-20 times of the weight of the raw materials for 2 times, each time for 1-2 hr, and filtering; mixing the filtrates, recovering ethanol, and concentrating at 60-80 deg.C under reduced pressure to obtain first soft extract (the weight ratio of the medicinal materials to the first soft extract is 2: 1);

5. The method for preparing the composition according to claim 3, wherein the preservative is added and stirred uniformly in step S3.