CN113302254A - 湿气固化型粘合剂组合物 - Google Patents
湿气固化型粘合剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113302254A CN113302254A CN202080007528.5A CN202080007528A CN113302254A CN 113302254 A CN113302254 A CN 113302254A CN 202080007528 A CN202080007528 A CN 202080007528A CN 113302254 A CN113302254 A CN 113302254A
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- Prior art keywords
- adhesive composition
- calcium carbonate
- moisture
- spherical
- viscosity
- Prior art date
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Abstract
一种供地板应用中使用的粘合剂组合物,所述粘合剂组合物包含:湿气固化型聚合物体系;碳酸钙填料体系,所述碳酸钙填料体系具有等效球平均直径为70纳米(nm)到15微米(μm)的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒以及等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒;基于种子油的脂肪酸酯;以及基于硅烷的粘合促进剂。所述粘合剂组合物提供了低粘度和高耐剪切性,这有助于保留镘平的脊部,以实现最大覆盖率。
Description
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及粘合剂组合物,并且更具体地涉及用于与地板材料一起使用的湿气固化型粘合剂组合物。
背景技术
多种材料可用作住宅和商业应用中的地板覆盖物。这些最常见的地板材料是地毯、木材和瓷砖。橡胶地板也是多功能地板选项,其被设计成增加填充性、弹性和声学性质。此地板用于如室外(运动场、公园)和室内(车库、体育馆、医院等)应用等高冲击区域。这些地板材料安装在各种基材之上,如混凝土、胶合板、颗粒板或碎料板、乙烯基瓷砖或陶瓷瓷砖和水泥背衬板等其它材料。
可以使用如钉子或螺栓等机械紧固件、粘合剂或机械锁定体系来完成安装地板。机械紧固件通常与木地板一起使用。然而,机械锁定体系是非常常见的无粘合剂安装技术,通常用于层压地板安装。尽管这两种安装都可以快速恢复使用,但这些方法都有缺点,如声学性质差、连接不均匀以及地板在温度和湿度变化的气候条件下会屈曲。因此,使用粘合剂已成为这些地板材料中的大多数的安装方法的选择。这些弹性技术包含高水性丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯分散体、湿气固化单组分聚氨酯以及双组分聚氨酯和环氧树脂粘合剂。
地板粘合剂使用带凹口镘刀手动施涂到地板上。此应用方法可确保有效覆盖,同时维持与基材的良好接触。粘合剂组合物的镘平产生了具有间隔的脊部,这确保了粘合剂组合物在开放区域的边缘之上均匀地扩散开,从而引起完全覆盖的厚度均匀的连续层的形成。镘刀的选择受要安装的地板区域的位置、大小、地板类型和覆盖率要求支配。除了将基材粘合在一起之外,粘合剂组合物层还提供了另外的优点,如阻隔和声学性质。然而,对于如橡胶等固有地具有更好的阻隔和声学性质的地板而言,粘合是粘合剂组合物层所发挥的主要作用。由于混凝土/沥青基材和橡胶基材两者的表面不均匀,因此机械互锁产生了优异的粘合性质。因此,客户的驱动力是减少粘合剂组合物的量并获得更好的覆盖率。覆盖率被定义为平均均匀接触面积。这可以通过使用窄尺寸的镘刀来施涂粘合剂组合物来获得。然而,较高粘度的地板粘合剂组合物会维持脊部,但将难以镘平。降低粘度以使得能够使用窄尺寸的镘刀会导致具有差脊部保持的可流动体系。因此需要使得能够在维持脊部的同时进行有效手动镘平的最优粘度。
要考虑的另一方面是剪切对这些所调配体系的影响。安装人员在其尝试得到最大覆盖率时反复剪切粘合剂组合物。这些所调配体系通常是包含聚合物、稀释剂、溶剂增塑剂等液相和包含填料、流变改性剂、隔离剂等固相的均质混合物。如聚合物缠结、范德华力和氢结合等相互作用有助于保留调配物的稳定性以及粘合剂组合物的可流动性。剪切过程可能破坏力,从而导致粘合剂组合物的粘度降低并导致粘合剂组合物表现得像液体并导致脊部损失。然而,如果粘合剂组合物的充填密度增加,则将需要大量的力和能量来破坏相结构以诱导流动性。因此,需要提供具有用于提高用凹口较小的镘刀镘平的简便性的低粘度以及具有用于保留脊部同时实现最大覆盖率的高耐剪切性的粘合剂组合物。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种供地板应用中使用的粘合剂组合物,所述粘合剂组合物提供了低粘度和高耐剪切性,这有助于保留镘平的脊部,以实现最大覆盖率。所述粘合剂组合物包含20重量%(wt.%)到50wt.%的湿气固化型聚合物体系;30wt.%到60wt.%的碳酸钙填料体系;5wt.%到15wt.%的基于种子油的脂肪酸酯;以及0.1wt.%到10wt.%的基于硅烷的粘合促进剂,其中所述湿气固化型聚合物体系、所述碳酸钙填料体系、所述基于种子油的脂肪酸酯和所述基于硅烷的粘合促进剂的wt.%按所述粘合剂组合物的总重量计。所述碳酸钙体系具有5wt.%到50wt.%的等效球平均直径为70纳米(nm)到15微米(μm)的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒;以及50wt.%到95wt.%的等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒,其中所述第一球状颗粒和所述第二球状颗粒的wt.%按所述碳酸钙填料体系的总重量计。对于各个实施例,所述粘合剂组合物可以进一步包含基于二氧化硅的流变改性剂。例如,所述粘合剂组合物可以进一步包含0.5wt.%到4wt.%的基于二氧化硅的流变改性剂,其中wt.%按所述粘合剂组合物的总重量计。
各种湿气固化型聚合物体系可以与本公开的粘合剂组合物一起使用。例如,所述湿气固化型聚合物体系是异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分的反应产物,其中所述湿气固化型聚合物体系的游离异氰酸酯含量(NCO%)为1重量%(wt.%)到14wt.%。对于各个实施例,所述湿气固化型聚合物体系可以是无溶剂的。
所述多元醇组分选自由以下组成组:聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和其组合。所述聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇可以是未加盖的或是使用环氧乙烷(EO)和/或环氧丙烷(PO)加盖的,以便提供如本文讨论的亲水或疏水结构。
对于各个实施例,所述多元醇组分的数均分子量为1,000g/mol到6,000g/mol。对于各个实施例,所述异氰酸酯组分选自由以下组成的组:芳香族二异氰酸酯、脂肪族二异氰酸酯和脂环族二异氰酸酯以及其组合。
对于各个实施例,所述异氰酸酯组分的数均分子量为500g/mol到12,000g/mol。如本领域已知的,所述异氰酸酯组分可以是单体的和/或聚合的。
本公开的实施例还包含所述碳酸钙填料体系不包含硅酸铝的那些。所述基于种子油的脂肪酸酯的具体实例包含由大豆油产生的甲酯。如本文所提供的,使用其它种子油也是可能的。
对于各个实施例,本申请的所述粘合剂组合物的粘度在0.01 1/秒的剪切速率下为500Pa·s到10000Pa·s。优选地,本申请的粘合剂组合物在0.01 1/秒的剪切速率下的粘度为800Pa·s和5000Pa·s。本公开的粘合剂组合物还包含在未固化状态下介于0.5hz与25hz之间的交叉点。粘合剂组合物的粘度和交叉点是在稳态流步骤处在100Hz到10-5Hz的剪切速率斜坡下在25℃等温温度下测量的,如实例部分所述。
附图说明
图1提供了随剪切速率变化表2所见的比较实例C-G的粘度。
图2提供了随剪切速率变化表3所见的比较实例H-K的粘度。
图3提供了随剪切速率变化表4所见的比较实例H和L以及实例1的粘度。
图4提供了随剪切速率变化表5所见的比较实例M-P的粘度。
图5提供了随剪切速率变化表6所见的比较实例Q-S和实例2的粘度。
具体实施方式
本公开提供了一种供地板应用中使用的粘合剂组合物,所述粘合剂组合物提供了低粘度连同高耐剪切性,这有助于保留镘平的脊部,以实现最大覆盖率。本公开的粘合剂组合物可以用于将各种地板覆盖材料(例如,地毯、木材、橡胶和地砖)固定到各种基材,如混凝土、胶合板、颗粒板或碎料板、乙烯基瓷砖或陶瓷瓷砖或水泥背衬板等其它材料。本公开的粘合剂组合物提供了粘度和其它流变性质两者,所述粘度和其它流变性质便于手动施涂(例如,用带凹口镘刀),同时提供并保留期望脊部和粘度,甚至在多次剪切事件之后也是如此。简而言之,本公开的粘合剂组合物提供了提高用凹口较小的镘刀进行镘平的简便性的低粘度以及将保留脊部以实现最大覆盖率的高耐剪切性的期望组合。
所述粘合剂组合物包含20重量%(wt.%)到50wt.%的湿气固化型聚合物体系;30wt.%到60wt.%的碳酸钙填料体系;5wt.%到15wt.%的基于种子油的脂肪酸酯;以及0.1wt.%到10wt.%的基于硅烷的粘合促进剂,其中所述湿气固化型聚合物体系、所述碳酸钙填料体系、所述基于种子油的脂肪酸酯和所述基于硅烷的粘合促进剂的wt.%按所述粘合剂组合物的总重量计。所述碳酸钙体系具有5wt.%到50wt.%的等效球平均直径为70纳米(nm)到15微米(μm)的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒;以及50wt.%到95wt.%的等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒,其中所述第一球状颗粒和所述第二球状颗粒的wt.%按所述碳酸钙填料体系的总重量计。对于各个实施例,所述粘合剂组合物可以进一步包含基于二氧化硅的流变改性剂。例如,所述粘合剂组合物可以进一步包含0.5wt.%到4wt.%的基于二氧化硅的流变改性剂,其中wt.%按所述粘合剂组合物的总重量计。
湿气固化型聚合物体系
如本文所讨论的,所述粘合剂组合物包含20wt.%到50wt.%的湿气固化型聚合物体系。如所述粘合剂组合物中使用的所述湿气固化型聚合物体系的其它优选wt.%范围包含20wt.%到40wt.%;20wt.%到30wt.%;30wt.%到50wt.%;30Wt.%到40wt.%以及40wt.%到50wt.%,其中wt.%按所述粘合剂组合物的总量计。
对于各个实施例,本文提供的湿气固化型聚合物体系可以是无溶剂的。如本文所使用的,“溶剂”被定义为低分子量有机化合物,所述低分子量有机化合物的沸点在大气压力(1bar)下低于200℃,所述低分子量有机化合物的量优选地小于0.5重量%,特别优选地小于0.1重量%,非常优选地小于0.05重量%,以及尤其小于0.01重量%。溶剂通常添加到高粘度聚合物中以使聚合物溶解并降低调配物的粘度。通常,粘合剂调配物中使用的有机溶剂是苯、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸丙酯、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、2-甲氧基丙基乙酸酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮。为了最小化在制备地板粘合剂时使用危险化学品并减少挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和有害空气污染物(HAP)排放,未使用这些溶剂。
各种湿气固化型聚合物体系可以与本公开的粘合剂组合物一起使用。例如,所述湿气固化型聚合物体系是异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分的反应产物,其中所述湿气固化型聚合物体系的游离异氰酸酯含量(NCO%)为1重量%(wt.%)到14wt.%。对于各个实施例,所述湿气固化型聚合物体系是通过将过量的异氰酸酯(例如,二异氰酸酯)与异氰酸酯反应性组合物(例如,多元醇)组合形成的,其中所述异氰酸酯组分的异氰酸酯(NCO)基团之一与所述多元醇的羟基(OH)之一反应。所述多元醇的另一端部与另一异氰酸酯反应,其中所产生的异氰酸酯预聚物在两个端部上具有异氰酸酯基团。所述湿气固化型聚合物体系可以是二异氰酸酯自身,但与形成所述湿气固化型聚合物体系中使用的所述异氰酸酯相比,其分子量更大、粘度更高、异氰酸酯含量(NCO%)更低。除了二醇之外,也可以在反应中使用三醇或更高官能的多元醇用于多元醇,条件是使用了过量的二异氰酸酯。还可以使用二异氰酸酯与多元醇的大于二比一的摩尔比率以形成湿气固化型聚合物体系。
对于各个实施例,在形成湿气固化型聚合物体系中使用的多元醇组分可以包含选自由聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和其组合组成的组的多元醇。所述聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇还可以是未加盖的或是使用如本领域已知的环氧乙烷(EO)和/或环氧丙烷(PO)加盖的,以便提供如本文讨论的亲水或疏水结构。对于实施例,所述聚醚多元醇可以包含具有每分子至少2个,如2个或3个羟基的那些,并且可以如下制备:例如,通过如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、环氧苯乙烷或环氧氯丙烷等环氧化物自身或在BF3存在下聚合,或者通过将这些环氧化物任选地以混合物(如环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的混合物)的形式或依次化学添加到具有如水、氨、乙醇或胺等反应性氢原子的起始组分中的过程。合适的起始组分的实例包含乙二醇、丙二醇-(1,3)或-(1,2)、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、4,4'-二羟基-二苯基丙烷、苯胺、乙醇胺或乙二胺。也可以使用蔗糖基聚醚多元醇。在很多情况下优选的是使用含有主导量的初级OH基团(按聚醚中存在的所有OH基团的重量计,高达90重量%)的聚醚。
聚酯多元醇的实例包含形成为多羟,如二羟醇和/或三羟醇和多元,如二元羧酸的反应产物的那些。代替游离聚羧酸,可以使用对应聚羧酸酐或低级醇的对应聚羧酸酯或其混合物。聚羧酸可以是脂肪族的、脂环族的、芳香族的和/或杂环的,并且其可以被例如卤素原子取代,和/或可以是不饱和的。合适的示例性聚羧酸包含但不限于任选地与单体脂肪酸、对苯二甲酸二甲酯和对苯二甲酸-双-乙二醇酯混合的琥珀酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯邻苯二甲酸酸酐、内亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、戊二酸酐、马来酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、二聚和三聚脂肪酸(如油酸)。
示例性合适的多元醇包含但不限于乙二醇、丙二醇-(1,2)和-(1,3)、丁二醇-(1,4)和-(2,3)、己二醇-(1,6)、辛二醇-(1,8)、新戊二醇、环己烷二甲醇(1,4-双-羟基-甲基环己烷)、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、己三醇-(1,2,6)、丁三醇-(1,2,4)、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、喹诺酮(quinitol)、甘露醇和山梨糖醇、甲基糖苷、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、聚乙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇、二丁二醇和聚丁二醇。聚酯也可含有一定比例的羧端基。还可以使用如s-己内酯等内酯或如共羟基己酸等羟基羧酸的聚酯。
此类多元醇组分还可以包括聚碳酸酯多元醇,如二醇,如丙二醇-(1,3)、丁二醇-(1,4)和/或己二醇-(1,6)、二乙二醇、三乙二醇或四乙二醇与二芳基碳酸酯,如二苯基碳酸酯或碳酰氯的反应产物。
多元醇组分的数均分子量可以为1,000g/mol到6,000g/mol。其它数均分子量值也是可能的。本文报道的数均分子量值是通过如本领域已知的端基分析确定的。
合适的多元醇的其它实例包含用环氧丙烷形成的羟基等效量为至少300的那些聚合物或共聚物。环氧丙烷可以是1,3-环氧丙烷,但更典型地是1,2-环氧丙烷。如果是共聚物,则共聚单体是另一种可共聚的环氧烷,例如环氧乙烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-环氧己烷等。按经聚合环氧丙烷的总重量计,共聚物可以含有75重量%或更多,优选地85%或更多的经聚合环氧烷。共聚物优选地含有不多于15重量%,尤其是不多于5重量%的经聚合环氧乙烷。环氧丙烷的聚合物或共聚物的标称官能度应为至少2.0。标称官能度优选地为2.5到6,更优选地2.5到4或2.5到3.3。环氧丙烷的聚合物或共聚物的羟基等效量为至少300,优选地至少500,更优选地500到3200,在一些实施例中为600到3000,并且在特定实施例中为800到2500。多元醇也可由共混物形成,其中多元醇共混物包含二醇和三醇的共混物。二醇的平均分子量(Mw)可以为500到8,000克/摩尔,并且三醇的平均分子量(Mw)可以为2500到6500克/摩尔。
在各个实施例中,多元醇组分的羟基数量可以为10mg KOH/g到700mg KOH/g。在仍其它实施例中,多元醇组分的羟基数量为15mg KOH/g到100mg KOH/g,或20mg KOH/g到50mgKOH/g。如本文所用,羟基数量是氢氧化钾的毫克数,相当于一克多元醇或其它羟基化合物中的羟基含量。多元醇的数均异氰酸酯反应性基团官能度还可以为1.6到6,如2到6或3到5。
在本公开中,可以使用除多元醇组分之外的其它异氰酸酯反应性组合物来形成本公开的湿气固化型聚合物体系。这可以实现湿气固化型聚合物体系的双组分体系,其中代替如本文提供的多元醇或除了如本文提供的多元醇之外,还可以使用胺作为固化剂。此类异氰酸酯反应性组合物可以包含芳香族二胺,如含有位于第一氨基的邻位上的至少一个烷基取代基以及位于第二氨基的邻位上的两个烷基取代基或其混合物的那些。在一些实施例中,烷基取代基中的至少两个含有至少两个碳原子。在某些实施例中,二胺对异氰酸酯的反应性尚未通过电子吸引如卤素、酯、醚或二硫基等取代基而降低,亚甲基-双-氯苯胺(MOCA)的情况就是如此。在某些实施例中,此类二胺不含有与异氰酸酯反应的其它官能团。在某些实施例中,上述提到的烷基取代基可具有多达二十个碳原子并且可以为直链或支链长链。
在某些实施例中,芳香族二胺含有位于第一氨基的邻位上的至少一个烷基取代基以及位于第二氨基的邻位上的具有1到3个碳原子的两个烷基取代基,前提是这些烷基取代基中的两个含有两个或三个碳原子。此类芳香族二胺的实例包含:1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,4-二氨基苯、1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,6-二氨基苯、1,3,5-三乙基-2,6-二氨基苯和3,5,3',5'-四乙基-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷。
当然,上述芳香族胺可以作为彼此的混合物或与其它活性芳香族胺组合使用。
在某些实施例中,使用了位于每个氨基的两个邻位上的具有1到3个碳原子的直链烷基取代基的芳香族二胺,条件是烷基取代基中的两个含有两个或三个碳原子。在一些实施例中,二胺在室温下是液体并且可与多元醇,尤其是与聚醚多元醇混溶。此化合物的一个实例是1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,4-二氨基苯或此化合物与1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,6-二氨基苯的混合物。
在本公开的某些实施例中,异氰酸酯反应性组合物还可包含如本领域已知的氨基硅烷。
对于各个实施例,所述异氰酸酯组分选自由以下组成的组:芳香族二异氰酸酯、脂肪族二异氰酸酯和脂环族二异氰酸酯以及其组合。对于各个实施例,所述异氰酸酯组分的数均分子量为500g/mol到12,000g/mol。如本领域已知的,所述异氰酸酯组分可以是单体的和/或聚合的。另外,异氰酸酯组分的异氰酸酯等效量可以为135到170,并且可以具有作为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的异构体在单体MDI中的混合物的所谓MDI产物或者作为聚亚甲基聚亚苯基聚异氰酸酯在单体MDI中的混合物的所谓的聚合MDI产物。
用于形成湿气固化型聚合物体系的异氰酸酯组分的实例包含如本文提出的芳香族、脂肪族和/或脂环族异氰酸酯。芳香族、脂肪族和/或脂环族异氰酸酯可以包含由式R(NCO)2表示的单体有机二异氰酸酯,其中R表示有机基团,如具有2到6个碳原子的二价脂肪族烃、具有5到9个碳原子的二价脂环族烃或具有5到10个碳原子的二价芳香族烃。异氰酸酯组分的其它合适的实例包含聚异氰酸酯,如芳香族、脂肪族和脂环族聚异氰酸酯。示例性聚异氰酸酯包含例如,间苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的各种异构体、六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基-1,4-二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯、氢化MDI(H12 MDI)、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯、甲氧基苯基-2,4-二异氰酸酯、4,4'-亚联苯二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲氧基-4,4'-联苯二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲基二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、4,4',4"-三苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯、氢化聚亚甲基聚苯基聚异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4,6-三异氰酸酯和4,4'-二甲基二苯基甲烷-2,2',5,5'-四异氰酸酯。前述聚异氰酸酯中的任一个可以被改性成包含脲、异氰脲酸酯、脲二酮、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、碳二亚胺、尿烷或其它键。
用于形成湿气固化型聚合物体系的合适的二异氰酸酯的实例包含:1,4-四-亚甲基二异氰酸酯;1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI);2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯;1,12-十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯;环己烷-1,3-和-1,4-二异氰酸酯;1-异氰酸基-2-异氰酸基甲基环戊烷;1-异氰酸酯-3-异氰酸基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基-环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或IPDI),双-(4-异氰酸基-环己基)-甲烷;1,3-和1,4-双-(异氰酸基甲基)-环己烷;双-(4-异氰酸基环-己基)-甲烷;2,4'-二异氰酸基-二环己基甲烷;双-(4-异氰酸基-3-甲基-环己基)-甲烷;α,α,α',α'-四甲基-1,3-和/或-1,4-苯二甲基二异氰酸酯;1-异氰酸基-1-甲基-4(3)-异氰酸基甲基环己烷;2,4-和/或2,6-六氢-甲苯二异氰酸酯;1,3-和/或1,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯;2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯;2,2-、2,4-和/或4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)或MDI的更高同源物(聚合MDI);1,5-二异氰酸基萘;以及其任何的组合。MDI的2,4'和4,4'异构体可以以1:100到50:50的重量比存在于异氰酸酯组分中。例如,按异氰酸酯组分的总重量计,MDI的2,4'异构体可以以1wt.%到50wt.%(例如,1.25wt.%到50wt.%、1.3wt.%到35wt.%、1.5wt.%到30wt.%等)的量存在。按异氰酸酯组分的总重量计,MDI的4,4'异构体的重量%可以大于MDI的2,4'异构体的重量%。例如,按用于形成聚氨酯预聚物的调配物的100wt.%的总重量计,用于形成基于MDI的预聚物的调配物的2,4'异构体MDI含量为1.5wt.%到40wt.%(例如,1.5wt.%到30wt.%)并且其余部分为MDI的4,4'异构体。根据一些实施例,未计入的异氰酸酯组分与MDI的4,4'异构体和/或MDI的2,4'异构体的余量可以包含甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IIPDI)、聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯、碳二亚胺或脲基甲酸酯或亚甲基二苯基异氰酸酯的脲酮亚胺加合物和其混合物。
还可以使用含有三个或更多个异氰酸酯基团,如4-异氰酸基甲基-1,8-亚辛基二异氰酸酯和芳香族聚异氰酸酯(如4,4',4"-三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯)以及通过对苯胺/甲醛冷凝物进行光气化获得的聚苯基聚亚甲基聚异氰酸酯的单体异氰酸酯来形成湿气固化型聚合物体系。还合适的是由单体异氰酸酯制备并含有异氰脲酸酯、脲二酮、缩二脲、尿烷、脲基甲酸酯、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮、碳二亚胺和/或噁二嗪三酮基团的异氰酸酯加成物。在某些实施例中,当使用Brookfield DVE粘度计测量时,异氰酸酯的粘度在25℃下不大于300mPa·s。
湿气固化型聚合物体系是以常规方式通过将异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分(例如,聚醚多元醇)在20℃到100℃下组合,并且在一些实施例中,在聚氨酯形成催化剂,如叔胺或锡化合物的存在下制备的。异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分的相对量是以达到最终产物的期望的游离NCO含量的方式选择的。通常,二异氰酸酯的等效量将高于多元醇组分的等效量。在本公开的某些实施例中,异氰酸酯和多元醇组分各自以使得用异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分产生的湿气固化型聚合物体系的游离异氰酸酯含量(NCO%)为1重量%(wt.%)到14wt.%的量使用。游离异氰酸酯含量(NCO%)是在产生湿气固化型聚合物体系期间测定和实现的,如本领域中熟知的(例如,通过取得未反应的NCO基团的质量,将此质量除以异氰酸酯和异氰酸酯反应性组合物的总质量,并且然后将结果乘以100,以产生NCO%)。产生的湿气固化型聚合物体系的在20℃下使用Brookfield DVE粘度计测量的粘度优选地还在1,000到10,000mPa·s或1,000到5,000mPa·s的范围内。
湿气固化型聚合物体系可以与水反应,其中此水可以存在于本公开的粘合剂组合物所使用的空间的空气中。优选地,所使用的水的量摩尔过量于湿气固化型聚合物体系中可用于进行反应的异氰酸酯基团。
碳酸钙填料体系
粘合剂组合物进一步包含30wt.%到60wt.%的碳酸钙填料体系。如粘合剂组合物中使用的碳酸钙填料体系的其它优选wt.%范围包含30wt.%到50wt.%;30wt.%到40wt.%;40wt.%到60wt.%;40wt.%到50wt.%;以及50wt.%到60wt.%,其中wt.%按粘合剂组合物的总量计。对于各个实施例,碳酸钙填料体系不包含硅酸铝。
对于各个实施例,碳酸钙填料体系包含具有球状形状的碳酸钙(CaCO3)。如本文所用,球状形状包含扁长球状体、扁圆球状体和/或球体。对于各个实施例,两组球状碳酸钙颗粒构成本公开的碳酸钙填料体系。具体地,碳酸钙填料体系由等效球平均直径为70纳米(nm)到15微米(μm)的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒和等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒形成。应当理解,虽然给出了第一球状颗粒和第二球状颗粒中的每个球状颗粒的等效球平均直径的单个值,但是每个球状颗粒都有这样的大小分布:对于给定大小的第一球状颗粒或第二球状颗粒,等效球平均直径为45μm或更大(325目以上,wt.%)的碳酸钙颗粒的wt.%为0.003wt.%到0.8wt.%(对于第一球状颗粒)和8wt.%到20wt.%(对于第二球状颗粒)。
优选地,碳酸钙填料体系由等效球平均直径为1μm到10μm的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒和等效球平均直径为15μm到40μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒形成,其中第一球状颗粒和第二球状颗粒的wt.%按碳酸钙填料体系的总重量计。更优选地,碳酸钙填料体系由等效球平均直径为2μm到5μm的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒和等效球平均直径为20μm到30μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒形成,其中第一球状颗粒和第二球状颗粒的wt.%按碳酸钙填料体系的总重量计。在一个具体实施例中,碳酸钙填料体系由等效球平均直径为3μm的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒和等效球平均直径为25μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒形成。
对于各个实施例,碳酸钙填料体系具有如本文所述的5wt.%到50wt.%的等效球平均直径为70nm到15μm的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒,以及如本文所述的50wt.%到95wt.%的等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒。优选地,碳酸钙填料体系具有如本文所述的25wt.%到50wt.%的等效球平均直径为70nm到15μm的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒,以及如本文所述的50wt.%到75wt.%的等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒。在一个优选实施例中,碳酸钙填料体系具有如本文所述的50wt.%的等效球平均直径为70nm到15μm的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒,以及如本文所述的50wt.%的等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒。在另一个优选实施例中,碳酸钙填料体系具有如本文所述的25wt.%的等效球平均直径为70nm到15μm的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒,以及如本文所述的75wt.%的等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒。
本文提供的第一球状颗粒和第二球状颗粒的重量%按碳酸钙填料体系的总重量计。对于本文提供的碳酸钙填料体系,第一球状颗粒和第二球状颗粒两者的wt.%总计为100wt.%。换言之,本文提供的碳酸钙填料体系中不存在一种或多种其它填料。
在替代性实施例中,可以与碳酸钙填料体系一起使用的其它填料包含但不限于以下中的一种或多种:沉淀性且胶质碳酸钙;增强型二氧化硅,如气相二氧化硅、沉淀性二氧化硅、硅胶和疏水性二氧化硅和硅胶;压碎且研磨的石英、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氢氧化钛、硅藻土、氧化铁、炭黑、石墨、云母、滑石等。当此类另外的填料存在时(即,如果碳酸钙填料体系中存在其它填料),碳酸钙填料体系和其它填料包括粘合剂组合物的总重量的20wt.%到80wt.%,更典型地30wt.%到70wt.%,以及甚至更典型地40wt.%到60wt.%。
基于种子油的脂肪酸酯
粘合剂组合物进一步包含5wt.%到15wt.%的基于种子油的脂肪酸酯,其中wt.%按粘合剂组合物的总重量计,其中所述基于种子油的脂肪酸酯起到增塑剂的作用。本公开的基于种子油的脂肪酸酯是种子油的由用不同乙醇代替种子油中的甘油组分的酯基转移产生的脂肪酸酯。种子油的优选实例包含大豆油。还可以使用的蔬菜油的其它实例包含但不限于来自蓖麻、橄榄、花生、油菜籽、玉米、芝麻、棉花、菜籽油、红花、亚麻籽、棕榈、葡萄籽、黑种草子、南瓜仁、琉璃苣籽、木胚芽、杏仁、开心果、扁桃仁、澳洲坚果、鳄梨、沙棘、大麻、榛子、月见草、野玫瑰、蓟、核桃、向日葵、麻疯树籽油或者这些油中的两种或更多种的组合中的那些。使用其它种子油也是可能的。可以使用的动物产物的实例包含猪油、牛油、鱼油以及这些产物中的两种或更多种的混合物。另外,也可以使用从如藻类等生物获得的油。也可以使用基于蔬菜、藻类和动物的油/脂肪的组合。
酯基转移中使用的醇的实例包含有机单醇或多醇中的一个或多个,所述有机单醇或多醇包含C1到C18有机部分。更优选地,醇为C1到C6单醇,其中当存在时,C4到C6基团可以是直链或支链烷基。最优选的醇选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇和其混合物,其中甲醇是通常使用的。
如本领域理解且已知的,基于种子油的脂肪酸酯可以通过种子油的酯基转移制备,在酯基转移期间,种子油的甘油三酯在强酸或强碱存在下与醇反应,从而产生脂肪酸烷基酯和甘油的混合物。优选地,在酯基转移中使用甲醇来产生脂肪酸甲酯。例如,在一个优选实施例中,基于种子油的脂肪酸酯是由大豆油产生的甲酯。由大豆油产生的优选甲酯的商用实例包含可从CHEMPOINT公司以交易名称SOYGOLD出售的大豆油甲酯,其中SOYGOLD1100是大豆油甲酯的优选实例。
基于硅烷的粘合促进剂
粘合剂组合物进一步包含0.1wt.%到10wt.%的基于硅烷的粘合促进剂,其中wt.%按粘合剂组合物的总重量计。本公开的基于硅烷的粘合促进剂可以是具有胺、异氰酸酯或环氧基团的末端反应基团的双官能硅烷醇偶联剂。合适的实例包含3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GLYMO)、缩水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧硅烷(GLEO)、异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷或其组合。其它可用粘合促进剂的实例包含N-2-氨乙基-3-氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、双-γ-三甲氧基硅丙基)胺、N-苯基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、三氨基官能三甲氧基硅烷和γ-氨基丙基-甲基二乙氧基硅烷。如果存在,组合物通常包括0.1wt.%到10wt.%、更典型地0.5wt.%到8wt.%以及甚至更典型地1wt.%到6wt.%的粘合促进剂。
任选添加剂
对于各个实施例,粘合剂组合物可以进一步包含任选添加剂。例如,粘合剂组合物可以进一步包含0.5wt.%到4wt.%的基于二氧化硅的流变改性剂,其中wt.%按粘合剂组合物的总重量计。基于二氧化硅的流变改性剂的实例包含经聚二甲基硅氧烷处理的气相二氧化硅,如可以商品名称AEROSIL R202或AEROSIL R805(赢创工业集团(EVONIK))商购的那些。
粘合剂组合物可以进一步包含各种其它任选添加剂,其中,当存在时,按粘合剂组合物的总重量计,所述任选添加剂可以以0.1wt.%到5wt.%的量存在。所述任选添加剂的实例包含但不限于如分子筛粉末等沸石(例如,可从美国格雷斯公司(W.R.Grace)以交易名SYLOSIV获得)。例如,沸石可以是结晶硅铝酸盐。按粘合剂组合物的总重量计,沸石的量可以为0.1wt.%到2wt.%。任选添加剂的另外的实例进一步包含用于促进粘合剂组合物中的游离异氰酸酯与大气湿气之间的反应,使得在粘合剂组合物从罐或缸中分散时发生一个或多个异氰酸酯与异氰酸酯反应性组分之间的反应的催化剂。此类催化剂的实例包含胺催化剂、金属络合物或其组合。按粘合剂组合物的总重量计,催化剂可以以0.01wt.%到1wt.%,0.05wt.%到0.5wt.%,0.1wt.%到1wt.%或0.1wt.%到0.2wt.%的量存在。
胺催化剂可以包含含有至少一个叔氮原子(例如,叔胺)并且能够催化粘合剂组合物中的游离异氰酸酯基团的有机化合物。实例包含脒或胍,例如1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十四醛-7-烯(DBU)、三乙二胺、四甲基乙二胺、五甲基二乙三胺、双(2-二甲基氨乙基)醚、三乙胺、三丙胺、三丁胺、三戊胺、吡啶、喹啉、二甲基哌嗪、哌嗪、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N-乙基-吗啉、2,2'-二吗啉基二乙基醚(“DMDEE”)、2-甲基丙二胺、甲基三乙二胺、2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、N,N',N"-三(二甲胺基-丙基)sym-六氢化三嗪以及其混合物。在另外的实施例中,胺催化剂包含双(2-二甲氨基-乙基)醚、二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基-乙醇胺、三乙二胺、三乙胺、2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、N,N',N-乙基吗啉、基于锡、锌和铋的有机金属催化剂(例如,二丁基二月桂酸锡)和/或其混合物。
另外的任选添加剂包含但不限于颜料、阻燃剂、抗细菌剂、热稳定剂、石蜡或脂肪醇或二甲基聚硅氧烷、链扩增剂、另外的流变添加剂、染料、粘合促进剂、抗老化和风化的稳定剂、增塑剂、抑真菌和抑细菌物质。
本公开的实施例还提供了一种制作本公开的粘合剂组合物的方法。制备本公开的粘合剂组合物的方法包含以下程序。根据本文提供的wt.%将湿气固化型聚合物体系和基于种子油的脂肪酸酯两者加进到混合单元(例如,Myers混合器或Ross混合器),并在真空(26英寸Hg,88KPa)下以40到60rpm的低rpm设置混合约30分钟,直到混合物变清澈且无气泡可见为止。接下来,将混合物加热到约40℃到45℃,之后,将粉末状分子筛(例如,GRACESylosiv A3)添加到混合物中。在真空(26英寸Hg,88KPa)下将混合器的rpm增加到70到80rpm,持续约30分钟,以允许所有粉末润湿,之后,添加第一球状碳酸钙颗粒。在第一球状颗粒中混合之后,向混合物添加第二球状碳酸钙颗粒,并且将混合物的温度降低到40℃以下(例如,30℃),其中如果以多次进给添加所述第二球状颗粒,则每次进给之后,使用低rpm(例如,40rpm),然后使用高剪切(例如,4000rpm)持续1到2分钟以完全湿润固体。所有固体进给之后,应用真空(26英寸Hg,88KPa)并且交替在低剪切下(例如,40rpm)和高剪切(例如,4000rpm)下搅动,持续总计约30分钟。30分钟之后,目视检查混合物以确保混合物是光滑的糊状物,无可见固体(如果固体可见,则在高剪切下混合另外10分钟)。接下来,向混合物添加流变改性剂(例如,气相二氧化硅),并在低剪切下混合(例如,在10到60rpm下混合),以湿润流变改性剂。然后,仅使用低剪切(例如,在10到60rpm下混合)应用真空(26英寸Hg,88KPa),在降低温度(例如,低于40℃,如30℃)下持续30分钟。30分钟之后检查混合物以确认其是光滑的糊状物,无可见固体。如果检测到固体,则仅使用低剪切(例如,在10到60rpm下混合)混合另外10分钟。接下来,向混合物添加基于硅烷的粘合促进剂和催化剂,并且在低剪切(例如,在10到60rpm下混合)下,在真空(26英寸Hg,88KPa)下混合15分钟。将本公开的粘合剂组合物包装在不透空气和湿气的容器中,以供后续使用。
对于各个实施例,本申请的所述粘合剂组合物的粘度在0.01 1/秒的剪切速率下为500Pa·s到10000Pa·s。优选地,本申请的粘合剂组合物在0.01 1/秒的剪切速率下的粘度为800Pa·s和5000Pa·s。本公开的粘合剂组合物还包含在未固化状态下介于0.5hz与25hz之间的交叉点。粘合剂组合物的粘度和交叉点是在稳态流步骤处在100Hz到10-5Hz的剪切速率斜坡下在25℃等温温度下测量的,如实例部分所述。
现在将在以下实例中详细描述本公开的一些实施例。
实例
在实例中,使用材料的各种术语和名称,所述术语和名称包括例如以下:
表1:原材料:作用和细节
*第二填料;**第一填料
预聚物合成
在60℃下用干氮吹扫VORANOLTM2000LM和VORANOLTMCP6001,直到多元醇的水含量小于百万分之200(ppm)为止。为了进行预聚物合成,准备装配有机械搅拌器、热电偶和氮入口的4颈圆底烧瓶。在干氮(N2)气体下将80克(g)VORANOLTM2000LM和80g VORANOLTMCP6001引入到圆底烧瓶中,并混合5分钟,以形成多元醇混合物。将40g ISONATETM50OP添加到多元醇混合物中并混合5分钟以形成多元醇/异氰酸酯混合物。将2-乙基己酸锡(II)(T9催化剂)以百万分之50(按多元醇/异氰酸酯混合物计)的浓度添加到多元醇/异氰酸酯混合物中,并在搅拌下加热到70℃。将混合物维持在70℃下持续2小时,直到如NCO%滴定所确定的反应完成为止。目标异氰酸酯含量为4.13±0.01wt.%。将预聚物冷却以用于调配。本文提供的实例和比较实例.
调配粘合剂组合物
制备实例和比较实例时的所有真空是处于26英寸Hg,88KPa下。在单(1)夸脱双行星ROSS混合器(one Quart Double Planetary ROSS mixer,美国罗斯公司(Ross&SonCompany))中制备如本文提供的实例和比较粘合剂组合物。用于制备实例和比较粘合剂组合物的一般程序如下。对于实例(EX)和比较实例(CE),将组分以表2-6中指示的量(值是按组合物的总重量计的重量百分比给出的)添加到ROSS混合器中。首先,添加预聚物和增塑剂以形成液体组分。将ROSS混合器中的液体组分加热到50℃,并在真空下以每分钟22转(rpm)混合30分钟。30分钟之后,在氮气下释放真空以检查液体成分是否是脱气的以及其是否是清澈液体。接下来,添加分子筛并在真空下以22rpm混合30分钟。混合之后,在氮气下释放真空并确认液体组分体系的均质性。向液体组分体系添加第一填料并混合30分钟。接下来,向液体组分体系和第一填料添加第二填料,并在真空下混合30分钟。完全添加一种或多种填料之后,在氮气下释放真空。添加流变改性剂并在真空下混合20分钟。然后添加粘合促进剂并在真空下混合20分钟。在氮气下释放真空并对所调配体系进行采样,以用于粘度和流变测试。向所调配体系添加催化剂(按所调配体系计为750ppm)并在真空下混合20分钟以形成粘合剂组合物。在氮气下将粘合剂组合物填充到筒中以用于进一步测试。
表2-实验设置1,单个填料对粘度和流变的影响
使用配备有25mm钢平行板和450μm间隙的AR 2000流变仪(TA仪器)测量每个实例和比较实例的粘合剂组合物的粘度。通过在25℃下以100 1/秒的剪切速率预剪切粘合剂组合物持续30秒来擦除样品的剪切历史。在稳态流步骤处在100Hz到10-5Hz的剪切速率斜坡下在25℃等温温度下测量粘度和交叉点。
图1提供了随剪切速率变化在表2中看到的比较实例C-G的粘度。如可以从图1看到的,粘合剂组合物是高度剪切稀化的,这表明这些材料将在经受应力时开始流动。因为这些粘合剂组合物含有多于一个相,因此其可以被视为结构化流体,并且其流变流动行为受固相和液相的相互作用支配。当这些相互作用被施加的剪切破坏时,材料的结构就会破裂,并且流动会发生。此临界应力水平的点被称为屈服应力,并且对于本公开,其被视为启动粘合剂组合物的镘平过程的方便性,所述方便性进而与材料的粘度直接相关。较高粘度表明粘合剂组合物的镘平过程有困难。如图1所见,每种粘合剂组合物的粘度示出了粘合剂组合物的填料粒度与粘度之间的相关性。较大粒度的调配物的包装密度较低并且因此粘度较低。然而,相对较小的填料粒度调配物导致高度充填的调配物,从而导致较高粘度。表中以Pa·s指示的粘度数据在0.01 1/秒剪切速率下。这是在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物时会出现的典型剪切速率。
使用振荡流变研究镘平的粘合剂组合物的脊保持,这有助于确定这些结构流体的粘弹性行为。这是通过使粘合剂组合物经受应力和应变的循环变化确定的。粘合剂组合物的粘弹性行为的特征在于储能模量G'和损耗模量G",其分别表征对所测量应力响应的固体样和流体样贡献。随振荡频率变化的对储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G")的应变幅度依赖性有助于确定粘合剂组合物的流动行为。在G"超过G'的(G')与损耗(G")的交叉点之后,指示流动行为以及脊保留的损失。如表2中所见,较小颗粒有助于更高交叉频率,这表明需要更高应变幅度来破坏相互作用并诱导流动,因此这些粘合剂组合物可以承受更高量的剪切。然而,更高频率是在更高粘度下获得的。
表3-实验设置2,填料共混物(50/50)对粘度(在0.01 1/秒的剪切速率下)和流变的影响
图2提供了随剪切速率变化如在表3中看到的比较实例H-K的粘度。如可以从图2看到的,粘合剂组合物是剪切稀化的,这表明这些材料将在经受应力时开始流动。图2还表明,具有比率为1:1的两种填料的每种粘合剂组合物的粘度示出了填料粒度(例如CC-103和Remind 15等较大填料颗粒以及例如KaMIN100、Atomite和GAMACO等较小颗粒)与粘合剂组合物的粘度之间的相关性。在DINP增塑剂存在下,较大和较小粒度调配物的组合具有较高包装密度,以及因此在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物时通常将使用的剪切速率下的更高粘度(例如,大于1,000Pa·s)。然而,粘合剂组合物中两种相对较大填料粒度的组合导致相对不太密实地充填的调配物,从而导致较低的相对粘度。表中以Pa·s指示的粘度数据在0.011/秒剪切速率下。这是在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物时会出现的典型剪切速率。
表3还展示了较小颗粒有助于更高交叉频率,这表明需要更高应变幅度来破坏相互作用并诱导流动,因此这些粘合剂组合物可以承受更高量的剪切。值得注意的是,具有小硅酸铝颗粒(100)的CE H的交叉值远高于具有小颗粒的碳酸钙(Atomite和GAMACO)的那些可比较的粘合剂组合物。然而,CE H的此高频率是在较高粘度下获得的,这对于此调配物来说是缺点。
表4-实验设置3,SOY GOLD增塑剂和填料共混物(50/50)对粘度(在0.01 1/秒剪切粘度下)和流变的影响
图3提供了随着剪切速率变化在表4中所见的比较实例H和L以及实例1的粘度。如可以从图3看到的,粘合剂组合物是剪切稀化的,这表明这些材料将在经受应力时开始流动。图3还表明,具有比率为1:1的两种填料的每种粘合剂组合物的粘度示出了填料粒度(例如CC-103和Remind 15等较大填料颗粒以及例如KaMIN 100、Atomite和GAMACO等较小颗粒)与粘合剂组合物的粘度之间的相关性。在DINP增塑剂存在下,较大和较小粒度调配物的组合具有较高包装密度,以及因此在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物时通常将使用的剪切速率下的更高粘度(例如,大于1,000Pa·s)。相反,使用1100作为EX 1中的增塑剂清楚地示出,与CE L相比,本公开的碳酸钙填料体系和基于种子油的脂肪酸酯在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物中会发生的典型剪切速率下组合的协同结果。还值得注意的是,具有较大碳酸钙颗粒(CC-103和Remind 15,相对于Atomite和GAMACO)的EX 1中的交叉值显著高于CEL,相比于CE L中的DINP增塑剂,其唯一差别在于在EX 1中使用基于种子油的脂肪酸酯。
表5-实验设置4,填料共混物(75/25)对粘度(在0.01 1/秒的剪切速率下)和流变的影响
图4提供了随剪切速率变化在表5中看到的比较实例M-P的粘度。如可以从图4看到的,粘合剂组合物是剪切稀化的,这表明这些材料将在经受应力时开始流动。图4还表明,具有比率为3:1的两种填料的每种粘合剂组合物的粘度示出了填料粒度(例如CC-103和Remind 15等较大填料颗粒以及例如KaMIN100、Atomite和GAMACO等较小颗粒)与粘合剂组合物的粘度之间的相关性。在DINP增塑剂存在下,较大和较小粒度调配物的组合具有较高包装密度,并且因此在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物时通常将使用的剪切速率下具有较高粘度(例如,大于1,000Pa·s)。然而,粘合剂组合物中两种相对较大填料粒度的组合产生相对高度密实充填的调配物,从而产生较低的相对粘度。表中以Pa·s指示的粘度数据在0.01 1/秒剪切速率下。这是在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物时会出现的典型剪切速率。
表5还展示了较小颗粒有助于更高交叉频率,这表明需要更高应变幅度来破坏相互作用并诱导流动,因此这些粘合剂组合物可以承受更高量的剪切。值得注意的是,具有小碳酸钙颗粒(GAMACO)的CE P的交叉值远高于具有小颗粒的不同碳酸钙(Atomite)或硅酸铝(KaMIN)的那些可比较的粘合剂组合物CE M–CE O。
表6-实验设置5,SOY GOLD增塑剂和填料共混物(75/25)对粘度(在0.01 1/秒剪切粘度下)和流变的影响
图5提供了随剪切速率变化表6所见的比较实例Q-S和实例2的粘度。如可以从图5看到的,粘合剂组合物是剪切稀化的,这表明这些材料将在经受应力时开始流动。图5还表明,具有比率为3:1的两种填料的每种粘合剂组合物的粘度示出了填料粒度(例如CC-103等较大碳酸钙填料颗粒以及如,GAMACO等较小碳酸钙颗粒)与粘合剂组合物的粘度之间的相关性。在DINP增塑剂存在下,较大和较小碳酸钙粒度调配物的组合具有较高包装密度,并且导致在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物时通常将使用的剪切速率下的更高粘度(例如,大于1,000Pa·s)。相反,使用1100作为EX 2中的增塑剂清楚地示出,与CE S相比,本公开的碳酸钙填料体系与基于种子油的脂肪酸酯在用镘刀施涂粘合剂组合物中会发生的典型剪切速率下组合的协同结果。还值得注意的是,具有较大碳酸钙颗粒(CC-103,相对于GAMACO)的EX 2的交叉值显著高于CE S,其中相比于CE S中的DINP增塑剂,唯一差别是在EX 2中使用了基于种子油的脂肪酸酯增塑剂。据信,此结果可能归因于CC103和Remind 15中所看到的较广颗粒分布碳酸钙,其中当与如GAMACO等细颗粒分布碳酸钙时,这会使填料的充填得以改进。此外,基于甲酯的大豆增塑剂以及其疏水链的存在可能有助于改善聚合物的链缠结。因此,填料包装与链缠结的组合导致所调配体系中的相的有组织且相互作用的结构。
Claims (13)
1.一种粘合剂组合物,其包括:
20重量%(wt.%)到50wt.%的湿气固化型聚合物体系;
30wt.%到60wt.%的碳酸钙填料体系,所述碳酸钙体系具有:
5wt.%到50wt.%的等效球平均直径为70纳米(nm)到15微米(μm)的第一球状碳酸钙颗粒;以及
50wt.%到95wt.%的等效球平均直径为大于15μm到200μm的第二球状碳酸钙颗粒,
其中
所述第一球状颗粒和所述第二球状颗粒的wt.%按所述碳酸钙填料体系的总重量计;
5wt.%到15wt.%的基于种子油的脂肪酸酯;以及
0.1wt.%到10wt.%的基于硅烷的粘合促进剂,其中所述湿气固化型聚合物体系、所述碳酸钙填料体系、所述基于种子油的脂肪酸酯和所述基于硅烷的粘合促进剂的wt.%按所述粘合剂组合物的总重量计。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述粘合剂组合物进一步包含0.5wt.%到4wt.%的基于二氧化硅的流变改性剂,其中wt.%按所述粘合剂组合物的总重量计。
3.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述湿气固化型聚合物体系是无溶剂的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述湿气固化型聚合物体系是异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分的反应产物,所述湿气固化型聚合物体系的游离异氰酸酯含量(NCO%)为1重量%(wt.%)到14wt.%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述多元醇组分选自由以下组成的组:聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和其组合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述多元醇组分的数均分子量为1,000g/mol到6,000g/mol。
7.根据权利要求4到6中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述异氰酸酯组分的数均分子量为500g/mol到12,000g/mol。
8.根据权利要求4到7中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述异氰酸酯组分选自由以下组成的组:芳香族二异氰酸酯、脂肪族二异氰酸酯、脂环族二异氰酸酯和其组合。
9.根据权利要求1到8中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述碳酸钙填料体系不包含硅酸铝。
10.根据权利要求1到9中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述基于种子油的脂肪酸酯是由大豆油产生的甲酯。
11.根据权利要求1到10中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其中在0.01 1/秒的剪切速率下,所述粘合剂组合物的粘度为500Pa·s到10000Pa·s。
12.根据权利要求1到10中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其中所述粘合剂组合物在0.011/秒的剪切速率下的粘度为800Pa·s和5000Pa·s。
13.根据权利要求1到12中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其中在未固化状态下,所述粘合剂组合物的交叉点介于0.5hz与25hz之间。
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