CN113273651A - Longsnout catfish feed capable of improving fat utilization rate - Google Patents
Longsnout catfish feed capable of improving fat utilization rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113273651A CN113273651A CN202110098852.9A CN202110098852A CN113273651A CN 113273651 A CN113273651 A CN 113273651A CN 202110098852 A CN202110098852 A CN 202110098852A CN 113273651 A CN113273651 A CN 113273651A
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- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N (2s,4r)-4-[(3r,5s,6r,7r,8s,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-6-ethyl-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)C[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(O)=O)CC[C@H]21 HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003613 bile acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 241001443588 Cottus gobio Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000746780 Leiocassis longirostris Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ASWBNKHCZGQVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hexadecanoyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C ASWBNKHCZGQVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001482108 Alosa pseudoharengus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004203 carnitine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001518 levocarnitine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000005229 liver cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004324 lymphatic system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a longsnout catfish feed for improving the fat utilization rate, which comprises the following components, by weight, 50-78 parts of plant powder components, 21-38 parts of animal protein powder components, 6-14 parts of oil components, 2.71-4.53 parts of nutritional components, 0.02-0.05 part of bile acid, 0.01-0.02 part of L-carnitine, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.01-0.02 part of antioxidant and 0.1-0.3 part of crystal lysine, wherein the longsnout catfish feed for improving the fat utilization rate reduces the amount of saturated fatty acid, and is added with the types of high-quality oil such as soybean oil, fish oil and phospholipid oil to provide polyunsaturated fatty acid required for the rapid growth of longsnout catfish; aiming at the problem of digestive disorder of the fish body after the addition amount of fat is increased, the emulsifying function is enhanced by adding the emulsifying agent and the bile acid, and the digestive absorption of the fat is promoted. Aiming at the decomposition and energy supply of fatty acid, the L-carnitine which is a micronutrient for promoting fat metabolism is added.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of longsnout catfish feed, and particularly relates to longsnout catfish feed capable of improving fat utilization rate.
Background
Leiocassis longirostris is generally leiocassis longirostris, which is fish of the family of the pseudobagidae and the genus leiocassis. The body is prolonged, the front part is thick and short, and the back part is flat. The head is slightly larger, the back part is raised and is not covered by the skin membrane; the upper occipital spine is coarse and bare. Is quite sharp and protruding and is conical. The lower part of the mouth is arc-shaped. The lips were fat. The upper jaw protrudes from the lower jaw. The eyes were small, on the lateral upper side, and the periphery of the eyes was not detached and was covered with a membrane. Wide inter-ocular space, and raised. The nasal hair is located at the anterior border of the posterior nostril, and the posterior end reaches the anterior border of the eye. The gill hole is big. The gill cover membrane is not attached to the gill isthmus. The gill rake is small. The body is smooth and has no scale. The dorsal fin is short, the front edge of the sclerotin hard spine is smooth, and the rear edge is provided with sawteeth; the hard thorns are longer than the pectoral fin hard thorns, and the starting point is vertically above the rear end of the pectoral fin. The fat fin is short, and the base part is positioned at the rear end of the back fin base and is inclined backwards from the center of the tail fin base. The hip fin starting point is located behind the fat fin starting point, and the distance from the hip fin starting point to the tail fin base is equal to the distance from the hip fin starting point to the rear end of the pectoral fin. The lateral lower part of the pectoral fin and the back edge of the hard spine are provided with sawteeth. The ventral fin is small, the starting point is positioned at the rear part of the back fin base, which is vertically below the rear end of the back fin base, and the distance from the rear end of the dorsal fin base to the buttock fin starting point is larger than that from the buttock fin starting point. The anus is approximately positioned from the starting point of the anal fin to the middle point of the back end of the ventral fin base. The tail fin is deep and branched, the upper and lower lobes are equal in length, and the tail end is blunt. Pink body, dark gray back, light abdomen. The head and body sides had irregular purple-gray patches. Each fin is gray yellow. Generally, the longsnout catfish needs corresponding feed to be raised when the longsnout catfish is raised.
However, the existing longsnout catfish feed has the following problems when the longsnout catfish is fed:
1. in order to improve the breeding benefit, the indexes such as breeding bait coefficient (the feed weight needed by 1 jin of fish) and the like need to be concerned, and the bait coefficient is related to the fat content in the feed and the level of animal protein raw materials. The source and price of animal protein raw materials tend to be high, and especially the shortage of resource type raw materials such as fish meal and the like seriously influences the breeding cost. Aquaculture nutrition has focused more attention on the use of added grease.
2. The fat in the feed is emulsified and absorbed in the intestinal tract under the participation of bile acid and lysolecithin, enters lymphatic system and blood circulation, is used for fish growth and energy supply under the participation of carnitine, can be deposited in tissues, can synthesize fat in liver, forms lipoprotein under the participation of choline and unsaturated fatty acid, and enters blood and is transported to organism tissues and organs to participate in metabolism. The excessive fat can increase the burden of digestion, absorption and utilization of fish bodies and increase the deposition of free radicals of organisms, so that the high-fat feed needs to correspondingly adjust the product formula, particularly the reasonable matching use of the additive premix, and the utilization of the fat in the feed is improved, thereby really achieving the purpose of reducing the feed coefficient.
3. Recent studies have shown that if the amount of saturated fatty acids in the feed reaches a certain level, growth performance is very negatively affected if it is added. The utilization rate of the organism to polyunsaturated fatty acid is high and can reach 94 percent, the utilization rate to monounsaturated fatty acid reaches 86 percent, and the utilization rate to saturated fatty acid is low and is only 45 percent; therefore, it is possible to use unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in combination in practical applications.
4. The high metabolic rate under the condition of high protein and high fat daily ration leads to the accumulation of a large amount of free radicals in vivo, on one hand, leads to the failure of antioxidant substances in vivo, on the other hand, leads to the damage of internal organs, particularly liver, which is particularly prominent under a formula mode of continuously pursuing high-speed growth, leads to the low anti-stress capability of fish bodies, is difficult to transport out of ponds, can generate free radicals as long as energy metabolism is available, and the organism consumes some energy when eliminating the free radicals. The harm of free radicals in the body is mainly as follows: first, free radicals can cause increased vascular permeability, which increases the chances of bacterial infection and the triggering of redness; the other is the process of necrosis, regeneration and fibrosis of liver cells.
5. Under high-speed growth, deposition of intrahepatic fat or saccharides, and exhaustion of hepatic protein are important causes of excessive accumulation of liver fat in fish. Environmentally and endogenously metabolized harmful substances are a significant cause of hepatocyte necrosis.
6. Therefore, the high-fat feed has the functions of promoting growth and reducing the feed coefficient, the negative effects brought by the high-fat feed need to be considered in the formula design, and the purpose is achieved by matching of the types of the added fat in the daily ration, using of a fat emulsifier, and comprehensively using a free radical scavenger and an antioxidant additive in the body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a longsnout catfish feed capable of improving the fat utilization rate, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the longsnout catfish feed capable of improving the fat utilization rate comprises, by weight, 50-78 parts of plant powder components, 21-38 parts of animal protein powder components, 6-14 parts of oil components, 2.71-4.53 parts of nutritional component components, 0.02-0.05 part of bile acid, 0.01-0.02 part of levocarnitine, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.01-0.02 part of antioxidant aikeduo and 0.1-0.3 part of crystal lysine.
Preferably, the plant powder component consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 18 parts of wheat flour, 15 to 25 parts of peeled soybean meal, 5 to 10 parts of puffed soybean, 10 to 15 parts of rapeseed meal and 5 to 10 parts of cottonseed meal.
Preferably, the animal protein powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 8 portions of imported fish meal, 5 to 10 portions of chicken meal, 8 to 15 portions of pork meal and 3 to 5 portions of blood cell albumen powder.
Preferably, the grease component consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 3 parts of phospholipid oil, 1 to 3 parts of fish oil, 1 to 3 parts of lard oil and 3 to 5 parts of soybean oil.
Preferably, the nutrient component consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 to 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 part of compound vitamin, 1 part of compound mineral substance, 0.01 to 0.03 part of vitamin E and 0.1 to 0.2 part of vitamin C.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the bullhead feed for improving the fat utilization rate reduces the amount of saturated fatty acid, and provides polyunsaturated fatty acid for the rapid growth of the bullhead by adding the varieties of high-quality grease such as soybean oil, fish oil, phospholipid oil and the like;
2. aiming at the problem of digestive disorder of the fish body after the addition amount of fat is increased, the emulsifying function is enhanced by adding the emulsifying agent and the bile acid, and the digestive absorption of the fat is promoted. Aiming at the decomposition and energy supply of fatty acid, a micronutrient L-carnitine capable of promoting fat metabolism is added;
3. the addition of vitamin E and vitamin C is strengthened, and the oxidation resistance and the anti-stress capability of the parent fish are improved. Adding in vivo antioxidant-Aikeduo (Nuoweisi product) to remove excessive free radicals in parent fish;
4. aiming at the problem of digestive disorder of the fish body after the addition amount of fat is increased, the emulsifying function is enhanced by adding an emulsifying agent and bile acid, and the digestive absorption of the fat is promoted;
5. the L-carnitine which is a micronutrient for promoting fat metabolism and energy supply is added to promote the oxidation function of fat in cell mitochondria, more protein amino acid is used for synthesizing fish muscle, and the growth of the fish body and the reduction of the feed coefficient are promoted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the longsnout catfish feed for improving the fat utilization rate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500 kg of plant powder components, 210 kg of animal protein powder components, 60 kg of oil and fat components, 27.1 kg of nutrient components, 0.2 kg of bile acid, 0.1 kg of L-carnitine, 1 kg of methionine, 1 kg of choline chloride, 0.1 kg of antioxidant and 1 kg of crystalline lysine.
The plant powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 kg of wheat flour, 150 kg of peeled soybean meal, 50 kg of expanded soybean, 100 kg of rapeseed meal and 50 kg of cottonseed meal.
The animal protein powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 kg of imported fish meal, 50 kg of chicken meal, 80 kg of pork meal and 30 kg of blood cell protein powder.
Wherein the grease component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 kg of phospholipid oil, 10 kg of fish oil, 10 kg of lard oil and 30 kg of soybean oil.
The nutrient components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 15 kilograms of monocalcium phosphate, 1 kilogram of compound vitamin, 10 kilograms of compound mineral, 0.1 kilogram of vitamin E and 1 kilograms of vitamin C.
Example 2
The preparation method of the longsnout catfish feed for improving the fat utilization rate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 683 kg of plant powder component, 380 kg of animal protein powder component, 140 kg of grease component, 45.3 kg of nutrient component, 0.5 kg of bile acid, 0.2 kg of L-carnitine, 3 kg of methionine, 3 kg of choline chloride, 0.2 kg of antioxidant and 3 kg of crystalline lysine.
The plant powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 180 kg of wheat flour, 250 kg of peeled soybean meal, 100 kg of expanded soybean, 150 kg of rapeseed meal and 100 kg of cottonseed meal.
The animal protein powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 kg of imported fish meal, 100 kg of chicken meal, 150 kg of pork meal and 50 kg of blood cell protein powder.
Wherein the grease component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 kg of phospholipid oil, 30 kg of fish oil, 30 kg of lard oil and 50 kg of soybean oil.
The nutrient components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30 kilograms of monocalcium phosphate, 3 kilograms of compound vitamin, 10 kilograms of compound mineral substance, 0.3 kilogram of vitamin E and 2 kilograms of vitamin C.
Example 3
The preparation method of the longsnout catfish feed for improving the fat utilization rate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 640 kg of plant powder component, 250 kg of animal protein powder component, 70 kg of grease component, 33.4 kg of nutrient component, 0.3 kg of bile acid, 0.1 kg of L-carnitine, 2 kg of methionine, 2 kg of choline chloride, 0.2 kg of antioxidant and 2 kg of crystalline lysine.
The plant powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 kg of wheat flour, 230 kg of peeled soybean meal, 50 kg of expanded soybean, 150 kg of rapeseed meal and 50 kg of cottonseed meal.
The animal protein powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 kg of imported fish meal, 50 kg of chicken meal, 100 kg of pork meal and 50 kg of blood cell protein powder.
Wherein the grease component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 kg of phospholipid oil, 10 kg of fish oil, 10 kg of lard oil and 40 kg of soybean oil.
The nutrient components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20.7 kilograms of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 kilograms of compound vitamin, 10 kilograms of compound mineral, 0.2 kilogram of vitamin E and 1 kilogram of vitamin C.
The raw materials are prepared into the feed by the following preparation method:
(1) firstly, crushing the raw materials twice to 90 percent, sieving the crushed raw materials with a 80-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing the crushed raw materials;
(2) then the mixed raw materials are modulated for 3 minutes at the temperature of 98 ℃ by a modulation demodulator;
(3) then granulating by a double-screw extrusion bulking machine at the temperature of 123 ℃;
(4) and finally, drying at 80 ℃, and cooling to obtain the longsnout catfish feed.
The fat content of the traditional longsnout catfish feed is only 5-6%, the growth vigor is slow, the bait coefficient reaches 1.6-1.8%, the feed cost of the weight gain of each kilogram of fish reaches 4.5-5.0 yuan, and the cost of fry, fish drugs, electricity charges, pond renting, manpower and the like is added, the comprehensive breeding cost of each kilogram of fish is 5-6 yuan, the breeding profit is slight under the market environment that the current adult fish selling price is low, and even under the condition that the survival rate is not high, a farmer faces the risk of loss. In order to reduce the feed coefficient and the breeding cost and develop the longsnout catfish feed with high grease content and low feed coefficient, the industrial target is achieved, and the research results on aquatic feeds in recent years also show that the longsnout catfish can tolerate the addition of grease at a higher level.
Based on the physiological characteristics of fat metabolism, the excessive fat correspondingly increases the metabolic burden of the fish body, after the fat content is increased, corresponding measures are taken aiming at the digestive metabolism of the fat, the removal of free radicals, the transfer of deposited fat of the liver and the like, so that the increased fat can better promote the growth of the fish body, the proportion of energy and protein is better coordinated, more muscles can be deposited by the fish body, and the feed coefficient is reduced. The main idea of the feed product is to eliminate waste generated by fat metabolism in vivo in time and recover and enhance the functions of corresponding digestive and metabolic organs.
Aiming at the digestion problem of fat added in large dose, the invention is mainly considered from the following ideas: A. increasing the oil content of the feed from 7 percent to 12 percent, removing the oil contained in feed raw materials such as expanded soybean, fish meal, meat meal and the like, adding 7 percent of external oil by internal spraying and external spraying, and adopting various oil combinations by considering the composition of fatty acid and digestive absorption: phospholipid, lard, soybean oil and fish oil, wherein the addition amount of each ton of feed is as follows: 1% + 1% + 4% + 1%.
Aiming at the problem of digestive disorder of the fish body after the addition amount of fat is increased, the emulsifying function is enhanced by adding the emulsifying agent and the bile acid, and the digestive absorption of the fat is promoted. Aiming at the decomposition and energy supply of fatty acid, the L-carnitine which is a micronutrient for promoting fat metabolism is added.
Aiming at free radicals generated by the metabolism of a large amount of fat, the oxidation resistance and the anti-stress capability of the longsnout catfish are improved by adding the strengthened vitamin E and the strengthened vitamin C. Meanwhile, an in-vivo antioxidant, Aikeduo (a Norwessoside product), is added to remove excessive free radicals in the parent fish.
Table 1 the content of the multivitamins of the invention is composed of the following table:
table 2 table the content of the composite minerals of the present invention is shown in the table (unit g/kg):
| iron | Copper (Cu) | Manganese oxide | Zinc | Iodine | Selenium | Cobalt | Magnesium alloy |
| 8 | 1 | 2.5 | 8 | 0.15 | 0.045 | 0.05 | 12 |
The comparison between the parent weever feed with improved reproductive performance and the current commercial weever feed breeding effect under the same conditions is shown in the following table (A is the product of the invention, and B, C, D is the longsnout catfish feed product on the market).
The experiments show that the longsnout catfish feed capable of improving the fat utilization rate has obvious advantages in growth performance indexes and economic performance indexes, such as growth rate, survival rate, feed coefficient, feed cost per kilogram of fish and the like, compared with market major brands.
Therefore, strict and serious breeding comparison experiments show that the feed has obvious advantages in improving the growth performance and economic performance of the longsnout catfish, such as growth rate, survival rate, feed coefficient, feed cost per kilogram of fish and the like in practical breeding application, and is suitable for breeding the longsnout catfish.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A longsnout catfish feed for improving fat utilization rate is characterized in that: the feed comprises, by weight, 50-78 parts of plant powder components, 21-38 parts of animal protein powder components, 6-14 parts of oil components, 2.71-4.53 parts of nutrient components, 0.02-0.05 part of bile acid, 0.01-0.02 part of L-carnitine, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.01-0.02 part of antioxidant Aikeduo and 0.1-0.3 part of crystalline lysine.
2. The longsnout catfish feed for improving fat utilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the plant powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 18 parts of wheat flour, 15 to 25 parts of peeled soybean meal, 5 to 10 parts of puffed soybean, 10 to 15 parts of rapeseed meal and 5 to 10 parts of cottonseed meal.
3. The longsnout catfish feed for improving fat utilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the animal protein powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 8 portions of imported fish meal, 5 to 10 portions of chicken meal, 8 to 15 portions of pork meal and 3 to 5 portions of blood cell albumen powder.
4. The longsnout catfish feed for improving fat utilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the grease component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 3 parts of phospholipid oil, 1 to 3 parts of fish oil, 1 to 3 parts of lard oil and 3 to 5 parts of soybean oil.
5. The longsnout catfish feed for improving fat utilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutrient components consist of the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 to 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 part of compound vitamin, 1 part of compound mineral substance, 0.01 to 0.03 part of vitamin E and 0.1 to 0.2 part of vitamin C.
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Application publication date: 20210820 |