CN115024444A - Composite functional additive for improving growth and body color of large yellow croaker and application thereof - Google Patents

Composite functional additive for improving growth and body color of large yellow croaker and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115024444A
CN115024444A CN202210793854.4A CN202210793854A CN115024444A CN 115024444 A CN115024444 A CN 115024444A CN 202210793854 A CN202210793854 A CN 202210793854A CN 115024444 A CN115024444 A CN 115024444A
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functional additive
large yellow
feed
yellow croaker
body color
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艾庆辉
王震
王修能
何文昌
麦康森
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Ocean University of China
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K20/168—Steroids
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K20/179—Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention discloses a composite functional additive for improving body color and muscle fatty acid composition of large yellow croakers, belonging to the field of aquatic feed additives. The large yellow croaker composite functional additive provided by the invention can obviously improve the growth and body color of the young large yellow croaker and obviously improve the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscles.

Description

Composite functional additive for improving growth and body color of large yellow croaker and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aquaculture additive and application thereof, in particular to a compound functional additive for growth and body color improvement of large yellow croaker juvenile fish. The invention also relates to the use of said additive.
Background
The large yellow croaker (Larimichys crocea) belongs to the order Perciformes in classification, family Scopularidae (Perciformes), genus yellow croaker (Larimichys), and is an important economically cultured fish in the southeast coast of China. Since the 60-80 s of the last century, after the culture of large yellow croaker seedlings has made a staged breakthrough, the large yellow croaker industry has developed rapidly, and the culture yield has increased year by year.
However, when the culture yield of large yellow croakers in China is rapidly increased, the method also faces severe problems of the growth reduction of the cultured fishes, the reduction of the body color yellow degree, the reduction of the contents of important high unsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscles and the like. At the consumption end of large yellow croakers, the wild or nearly wild large yellow croakers with yellow body color are generally pursued; the cultured fish has low growth speed and unsatisfactory body color, so the selling price and profit can not be improved all the time. In order to improve the quality of the cultured fish, a culturing practitioner has to use beating of the iced fresh fish for feeding, which wastes fishery resources and causes serious water pollution.
The bile acid, lutein, astaxanthin emulsified algae oil, lysolecithin and cannabidiol are prepared by extracting or purifying natural biological raw materials, and the L-methionine is prepared by a fermentation process. The research shows that part of the components in the compound have the functions of improving the growth of fishes and the pigmentation, and the comprehensive gain effect after compounding is not reported.
Therefore, in order to improve the quality of cultured large yellow croakers and promote the benign development of the industry, the development of the additive for effectively improving the growth, body color and muscle quality of the large yellow croakers is of great significance for relieving the industrial dilemma.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a composite functional additive capable of effectively improving the growth and body color of the artificially cultured large yellow croaker.
A composite functional additive for improving body color and muscle quality of large yellow croaker comprises bile acid, lutein, astaxanthin emulsified algae oil, L-methionine, lysolecithin, cannabidiol and flour.
Further, the composite functional additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0-15% of bile acid, 0-7.5% of lutein, 0-7.5% of astaxanthin emulsified algae oil, 0-25% of L-methionine, 0-5% of lysolecithin and 0-0.25% of cannabidiol, and the balance of flour.
Further, in the compound functional additive, 15% of bile acid, 7.5% of lutein, 7.5% of astaxanthin emulsified algae oil, 25% of L-methionine, 5% of lysolecithin, 0.25% of Cannabidiol (CBD) and the balance of flour.
Furthermore, in the composite functional additive, the analytical purity of the bile acid, the lutein, the L-methionine, the lysolecithin, the cannabidiol and the microcrystalline cellulose is not less than 98%, and the analytical purity of the astaxanthin in the astaxanthin emulsified algae oil is not less than 2%.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the large yellow croaker composite functional additive in preparing large yellow croaker feed.
The invention also aims to provide an aquaculture feed containing the large yellow croaker composite functional additive; the aquaculture feed comprises a basic feed, fish oil and a large yellow croaker composite functional additive; wherein the composite functional additive accounts for 4 percent of the total mass, and the fish oil accounts for 5.5 to 6.5 percent.
Further, the basic feed comprises white fish meal, krill meal, soybean protein concentrate, high gluten flour, choline chloride, soybean lecithin powder, Vc phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin premix, mineral premix, phagostimulant, mildew preventive and antioxidant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the large yellow croaker composite functional additive provided by the invention can obviously promote the growth of the young large yellow croakers.
(2) The large yellow croaker compound functional additive provided by the invention can obviously improve the body color of large yellow croaker juvenile fish.
(3) The compound functional additive for large yellow croakers provided by the invention can obviously improve the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the muscles of young large yellow croakers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the effect of a compound functional additive on the survival rate of young large yellow croakers;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of a complex functional additive on the terminal body weight of young large yellow croakers;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the effect of complex functional additives on the weight gain of larval large yellow croaker;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the effect of complex functional additives on the specific growth rate of juvenile pseudosciaena crocea;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the effect of complex functional additives on the body length of larval large yellow croaker;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of a complex functional additive on the fullness of larval large yellow croaker;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the effect of complex functional additives on lateral luminance (L) of Pseudosciaena crocea larvae;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the effect of complex functional additives on the lateral red value (a) of the larval large yellow croaker;
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the effect of complex functional additives on the lateral yellow value (b) of the larval fish;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the effect of complex functional additives on abdominal brightness (L) of young large yellow croaker;
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the effect of complex functional additives on the abdominal red value (a star) of young large yellow croakers;
FIG. 12 is the effect of complex functional additives on the lateral yellow value (b;) of the larval fish of large yellow croaker
In the figure: ", and". indicates marked differences, ". indicates P <0.05,". indicates P <0.01, ". indicates P < 0.001.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The reagents used in this example were all commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Preparing a large yellow croaker juvenile compound functional additive: firstly, evenly mixing 7.5 percent of astaxanthin emulsified algae oil and 0.25 percent of cannabidiol by mass percent to obtain a compound 1; secondly, 15% of bile acid, 7.5% of lutein, 25% of L-methionine and 5% of lysolecithin are uniformly mixed to obtain a compound 2, and then the compound 2 is uniformly mixed with 39.75% of flour to obtain a compound 3; and finally, uniformly dripping the compound 1 into the compound 3, uniformly mixing, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, wherein the oversize product after sieving is 0.
The formula of the base feed for the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea comprises: 40% of white fish meal, 3% of krill meal, 10% of peeled soybean meal, 24.65% of strong flour, 6% of soybean protein concentrate, 0.2% of choline chloride, 2% of soybean lecithin powder, 0.05% of Vc phosphate, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1% of vitamin premix, 0.5% of mineral premix, 0.5% of phagostimulant, 0.05% of mildew preventive and 0.05% of ethoxy quinine.
The preparation process of the pseudosciaena crocea juvenile fish feed comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing white fish meal, krill meal, peeled soybean meal, high gluten flour and soybean protein concentrate, and micronizing to 120 meshes to obtain a mixture 1; uniformly mixing choline chloride, soybean lecithin powder, Vc phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, vitamin premix, mineral premix, phagostimulant, mildew preventive and ethoxy quinilin to obtain a mixture 2; and (3) uniformly mixing the mixture 1, the mixture 2 and the fish oil, and adding 10-15% of water for granulation.
Feed 1 (control group)
The oil source of the basic feed for the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea is fish oil, the oil source accounts for 6 percent of the total mass of the feed, and the basic feed is not added with a composite functional additive and is replaced by 4 percent of microcrystalline cellulose.
Feed 2 (technical scheme of the invention)
The fish oil and the compound functional additive are added into the large yellow croaker juvenile base feed, the addition amount of the compound functional additive is 4% of the total mass of the large yellow croaker juvenile base feed, and the fish oil accounts for 6% of the total mass of the feed.
The composite phagostimulant comprises 15% of bile acid, 7.5% of lutein, 7.5% of astaxanthin emulsified algae oil, 25% of L-methionine, 5% of lysolecithin, 0.25% of Cannabidiol (CBD) and 39.75% of flour by mass fraction.
The following table 1 shows the formulations of the above examples and comparative examples:
TABLE 1 feed formulation for the technical solution of the invention and the control group
Figure BDA0003734837370000051
Wherein the vitamins are premixed (IU or mg kg) -1 Dry weight): vitamin a palmitate, 3000000 IU; vitamin D3, 1200000 IU; DL-alpha-tocopherol 40.0mg kg -1 (ii) a Menadione, 8.0mg kg -1 (ii) a thiamine-HCl, 5.0mg kg -1 (ii) a Riboflavin, 5.0mg kg-1; calcium D-pantothenate, 16.0mg kg-1; pyridoxine-HCl, 4.0mg kg-1; inositol 200.0mg kg -1 (ii) a D-Biotin, 8.0mg kg -1 (ii) a Folic acid, 1.5mg kg -1 (ii) a P-aminobenzoic acid, 5.0mg kg -1 (ii) a Nicotinic acid, 20.0mg kg -1 (ii) a The vitamin B12 is added into the mixture,0.01mg kg -1 (ii) a Vitamin C (content 35%), 2000.0mg kg -1 . Mineral premix (mg kg) -1 Dry weight) Ca (H) 2 PO 4 )·H 2 O， 675.0；CoSO 4 ·H 2 O，0.15；CuSO 4 ·H 2 O,5.0；FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O,50.0；KCl，0.1； MnSO 4 ·2H 2 O，101.7；MnSO 4 ·2H 2 O，18.0；NaCl，80.0；NaSeO 3 ·H 2 O，0.05； ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 20.0. The phagostimulant is prepared by mixing 1% of betaine and 3% of glycine with a filling agent (provided by Qingdao Marst biotechnology, Inc.).
Selecting 240 large yellow croaker tails with initial weight of 12.9 +/-0.02 g for juvenile fish for experiments, randomly dividing the young fish into 6 groups, repeating the groups by three, and repeating 40 fish for each group to perform a feeding growth experiment for 63 days; the culture water temperature is 18-22 ℃. The feed of the technical scheme of the invention and the control group are used for feeding.
The CON group was fed with feed 1, and the GN group was fed with feed 2.
The growth and the body shape are directly measured by adopting an electronic balance and a vernier caliper; measuring body color by using a body color instrument; muscle fatty acid composition was determined by GC-MS.
The statistical and analytical method comprises the following steps:
survival rate (SR,%) Wa/Wb × 100%
Weight gain ratio (WG,%) (Na-Nb)/Nb × 100%
Fullness (CFR, g/cm) 3 ％)＝Na/(La) 3 ×100％
Specific growth rate (SGR,%/day) — (lnNa-lnNb)/experimental period × 100%
Wherein Wa is the number of the large yellow croaker juvenile fishes in each breeding barrel after the breeding is finished, and Wb is the initial number of the juvenile fishes in each breeding barrel; la is the terminal body length; na and Nb are the final and initial body weights, respectively.
The experimental data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance in SPSS 20.0, with Tukey's multiple comparisons after significant differences, with significance levels P < 0.05. The experimental data obtained are expressed as mean ± standard error (means ± s.e.m., n ═ 3).
1) Growth performance
As shown in figures 1-4, the addition of the composite functional additive in the feed does not affect the survival rate of the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea, but significantly improves the terminal weight, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea. The results show that the addition of 4% of the compound functional additive into the basic feed can significantly promote the growth of the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea, does not affect the survival rate, and effectively shortens the culture period.
2) Body type
As shown in figures 5-6, the addition of the composite functional additive in the feed does not affect the body length and the fullness of the large yellow croaker, and shows the trend of increasing the body length after the addition. This indicates that the addition of 4% of the composite functional additive to the basal feed will not cause abnormal body shape and obesity in the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea.
3) Body color
As shown in fig. 7-12, the addition of the composite functional additive to the feed did not affect the lateral brightness, lateral redness, lateral yellowness and abdominal brightness of the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea; but the abdominal yellowness is significantly increased. This shows that the addition of 4% of the composite functional additive in the basic feed can significantly improve the abdominal yellowness of the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea, so that the appearance of the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea is closer to that of the wild pseudosciaena crocea.
4) Muscle fatty acid composition
As shown in Table 2, the content of total saturated fatty acids, total monounsaturated fatty acids, total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle of the juvenile pseudosciaena crocea is not influenced by adding the composite functional additive into the feed; but the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is obviously improved, and the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is in a rising trend. This indicates that the essential fatty acid content in muscle is improved.
TABLE 2 fatty acid composition of muscle of young pseudosciaena crocea (mg/g)
Figure BDA0003734837370000071
Figure BDA0003734837370000081
Note: ", and" × "all indicate significant differences," × "indicates P <0.05," × "indicates P <0.01, and" × "indicates P < 0.001.
The basic feed in the embodiment is not limited to the listed components, and the feed capable of meeting the nutrition requirement of the growth of the large yellow croaker can obtain the beneficial effects of the invention on the basis of adding the additive.

Claims (6)

1. A composite functional additive for improving the body color and muscle quality of large yellow croakers is characterized by comprising bile acid, lutein, astaxanthin emulsified algae oil, L-methionine, lysolecithin, cannabidiol and flour.
2. The compound functional additive for improving the body color and muscle quality of large yellow croakers according to claim 1, wherein the compound functional additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0-15% of bile acid, 0-7.5% of lutein, 0-7.5% of astaxanthin emulsified algae oil, 0-25% of L-methionine, 0-5% of lysolecithin and 0-0.25% of cannabidiol, and the balance of flour.
3. The compound functional additive for improving the body color and muscle quality of the large yellow croaker according to claim 1, wherein the compound functional additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of bile acid, 7.5% of lutein, 7.5% of astaxanthin emulsified algae oil, 25% of L-methionine, 5% of lysolecithin and 0.25% of cannabidiol, and the balance being flour.
4. The complex functional additive for improving body color and muscle quality of large yellow croaker according to claim 1, wherein the analytical purity of bile acid, lutein, L-methionine, lysolecithin, cannabidiol and microcrystalline cellulose in the complex functional additive is not less than 98%, and the analytical purity of astaxanthin in astaxanthin-emulsified algal oil is not less than 2%.
5. Use of the complex functional additive of any one of claims 1-4 in the preparation of feed for large yellow croaker.
6. A feed for breeding large yellow croaker, which comprises the composite functional additive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the feed comprises a basal feed, fish oil and the composite functional additive; wherein the composite functional additive accounts for 4 percent of the total mass of the feed, and the fish oil accounts for 5.5 to 6.5 percent of the total mass of the feed.
CN202210793854.4A 2022-07-07 2022-07-07 Composite functional additive for improving growth and body color of large yellow croaker and application thereof Pending CN115024444A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107307230A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-11-03 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 It is a kind of to improve the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco mixed feed of body colour
CN108208472A (en) * 2018-03-21 2018-06-29 集美大学 A kind of feed addictive and rheum officinale fish meal and its preparation method and application
CN112655952A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-16 日照职业技术学院 Astaxanthin algal oil high internal phase emulsion and preparation method thereof
CN113273651A (en) * 2021-01-25 2021-08-20 重庆斯特佳生物科技有限公司 Longsnout catfish feed capable of improving fat utilization rate
CN113925115A (en) * 2021-07-12 2022-01-14 中国海洋大学 Compound phagostimulant for low-water-temperature cultivation of juvenile pseudosciaena crocea and application thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107307230A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-11-03 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 It is a kind of to improve the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco mixed feed of body colour
CN108208472A (en) * 2018-03-21 2018-06-29 集美大学 A kind of feed addictive and rheum officinale fish meal and its preparation method and application
CN112655952A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-16 日照职业技术学院 Astaxanthin algal oil high internal phase emulsion and preparation method thereof
CN113273651A (en) * 2021-01-25 2021-08-20 重庆斯特佳生物科技有限公司 Longsnout catfish feed capable of improving fat utilization rate
CN113925115A (en) * 2021-07-12 2022-01-14 中国海洋大学 Compound phagostimulant for low-water-temperature cultivation of juvenile pseudosciaena crocea and application thereof

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