CN113261472A - Selenium-rich tremella cultivation method - Google Patents
Selenium-rich tremella cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113261472A CN113261472A CN202110563923.8A CN202110563923A CN113261472A CN 113261472 A CN113261472 A CN 113261472A CN 202110563923 A CN202110563923 A CN 202110563923A CN 113261472 A CN113261472 A CN 113261472A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the field of selenium-rich edible fungi, and provides a selenium-rich tremella cultivation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing a culture medium; selenium application in a culture medium: when in material mixing, 30g of grain and oil type zinc-selenium cake is weighed and dissolved in 8-10 kg of water to be uniformly stirred, and then the grain and oil type zinc-selenium cake is added into 50kg of culture medium to be fully and uniformly mixed; bagging and sterilizing; inoculating; spawn running; and (3) ear emergence: inoculating for 12-13 days, spreading mycelia over the bag, cutting open the bag, and spraying Chinese medicinal mixture on the surface of the bag to promote growth of mycelia; harvesting: when the ear is fully unfolded, white, translucent, soft and elastic, it should be harvested regardless of the size of the flower. The selenium-rich tremella cultivation method disclosed by the application improves the value of tremella.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of selenium-rich edible fungi, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich tremella cultivation method.
Background
The tremella is neutral and nontoxic, has the effects of tonifying spleen and promoting appetite, has the effects of benefiting qi and clearing intestines, and can also nourish yin and moisten lung. In addition, the tremella can enhance the immunity of human bodies and enhance the tolerance of tumor patients to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The selenium-rich tremella produced by adding the selenium-rich preparation into the culture medium for cultivating tremella is rich in nutrition and obvious in medical health care effect, has a selling price higher than that of common tremella by more than 20%, is popular with producers and consumers, and is not in demand in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides selenium-rich edible fungi, and aims to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized in such a way that the method for cultivating the selenium-rich tremella comprises the following steps:
preparing a culture medium: main materials: at least one of wood chips, corncobs and cottonseed hulls, and auxiliary materials: bran, sugar, magnesium sulfate and gypsum powder; adding Chinese medicinal mixture 1-1.3k per kg of dry materialsgStirring uniformly, wherein the water content of the culture medium is 65%;
selenium application in a culture medium: when mixing materials, 30g of grain and oil type zinc is weighedDissolving the selenium paste in 8-10 kg of water, uniformly stirring, and adding the solution to 50kgFully and uniformly mixing in a culture medium;
bagging and sterilizing: filling the mixed culture medium into a bag, sealing, sterilizing by steam at normal pressure, arranging the charging barrel into a # -shape, rapidly heating to 100 ℃, keeping for 15-18 h, and not cooling without stopping fire in the midway; or sterilizing with high pressure steam at pressure of 1.37 × 105 Pa and temperature of 126 deg.C for 1.5 hr; after the sterilization is finished, cooling and inoculating the material bag;
inoculation: putting on sterile gloves in an inoculation box, digging out a thin layer of tremella primordium on the surface layer of a strain by using an inoculation shovel, slowly stirring by using an electric seed dresser to ensure that hyphae are uniformly stirred, subpackaging the mixture to an inoculation bottle, plugging a cotton plug, and transferring the strain bottle to a spawn running room for inoculation;
when the temperature of the culture medium is lower than 28 ℃, punching an inoculation hole on the fungus bag, wherein the depth of the hole is 1.5cm, and the diameter of the hole is 1.2cm, and inoculating the strain in the strain bottle into the inoculation hole;
spawn running: placing the inoculated fungus bags into a culture room, controlling the temperature to be 26-27 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 65-70% in the first 3 days; controlling the temperature to be about 24 ℃ after 3 days, controlling the temperature to be higher than 30 ℃, paying attention to ventilation, and ventilating for 20-30 min each time for l-2 times each day;
and (3) ear emergence: inoculating for 12-13 days, spreading mycelia over the bag, cutting open the bag, and spraying Chinese medicinal mixture on the surface of the bag to promote growth of mycelia;
in the fruiting body formation stage, the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 85-93%, when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃, ventilation and water spraying are enhanced, ventilation is carried out once in the morning and at night, and each time lasts for about 20 min;
18 days after inoculation, when the young ear grows to 3-4 cm, the young ear enters the growth period of the sporocarp, the temperature is kept at 23-25 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 90-95%;
after 25 days, when the sporocarp grows to 6-8 cm, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃;
30 days after inoculation, when the sporocarp grows to about 12cm, entering the mature period of the sporocarp, stopping spraying water, keeping the temperature at 23-24 ℃, reducing the air humidity to about 80%, ventilating for 3 times every day for about 30min every time, keeping the air fresh, and meanwhile, irradiating by using scattered light;
harvesting: when the ear is fully unfolded, white, translucent, soft and elastic, it should be harvested regardless of the size of the flower.
Preferably, when the culture medium is prepared, the traditional Chinese medicine mixed solution added into the dry materials comprises: at least two Chinese medicinal extractive solutions of Coptidis rhizoma, semen Cassiae, fructus Momordicae Charantiae, flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Folum Ilicis, and radix Stellariae;
the concentration of the Chinese medicinal mixed solution is 50-60%.
Preferably, the concentration of the mixed solution of traditional Chinese medicines sprayed on the surface of the fungus bag is 20-30% in the ear emergence stage.
Preferably, the ratio of the culture medium is:
76% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1.5% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 2% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
3% of corncob, 80% of cottonseed hull, 15% of bran, 1% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
85% of cottonseed hulls, 13% of bran, 0.5% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 1% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
15% of wood dust, 60% of cottonseed hulls, 22% of bran, 1% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of gypsum powder.
Preferably, the culture medium can also comprise traditional Chinese medicine waste residues.
Preferably, the inoculum size of each bag is 15-18.75 ml/bag.
Advantageous effects
According to the selenium-rich tremella cultivation method, the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is added into the culture medium to mix materials, so that the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is uniformly mixed in the culture medium, meanwhile, traditional Chinese medicine waste residues can be used as the culture medium, traditional Chinese medicine components in the culture medium are further increased, the cultivated tremella has the edible value of traditional Chinese medicines, and the nutrition of the selenium-rich tremella is increased.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The cultivation method of the selenium-rich tremella needs to realize breakthrough in the traditional mode, and the edible value and the medicinal value of the selenium-rich tremella are increased.
The application provides a selenium-rich tremella cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a culture medium: main materials: at least one of wood chips, corncobs and cottonseed hulls, and auxiliary materials: bran, sugar, magnesium sulfate and gypsum powder; adding Chinese medicinal mixture 1-1.3k per kg of dry materialsgStirring uniformly, wherein the water content of the culture medium is 65%;
the specific proportion is as follows:
76% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1.5% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 2% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
3% of corncob, 80% of cottonseed hull, 15% of bran, 1% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
85% of cottonseed hulls, 13% of bran, 0.5% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 1% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
15% of wood dust, 60% of cottonseed hulls, 22% of bran, 1% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of gypsum powder.
Mixing the dry materials at the above ratio, and adding Chinese medicinal mixture 1-1.3k per kg of dry materialsgStirring to make the water content of the culture medium 65%.
Wherein, the traditional Chinese medicine mixed solution comprises: at least two Chinese medicinal extracts of Coptidis rhizoma, semen Cassiae, fructus Momordicae Charantiae, flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Folum Ilicis, and radix Stellariae. At least two Chinese medicinal materials can be decocted with water to make effective components enter water. The traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is added into the dry materials of the culture medium, so that the traditional Chinese medicine components can be fully mixed into the dry materials, and the traditional Chinese medicine components in the culture medium can be absorbed in the growth process of the tremella. The concentration of the Chinese medicinal extractive solution is 50-60%.
The culture medium can also comprise Chinese medicinal waste residue, and the Chinese medicinal waste residue after extraction of Chinese medicinal extractive solution is reused and applied to the culture medium.
The traditional Chinese medicine contains abundant vitamins and trace elements, is very useful for the nutritive value and the medicinal value of the tremella, increases the value of the tremella, and improves the quality of the tremella.
Selenium application in a culture medium: when in mixing, 30g of grain and oil type zinc and selenium paste is weighed and dissolved in 8-10 kg of water to be uniformly stirred, and then added into 50kgFully and uniformly mixing in a culture medium;
when preparing the selenium-containing culture medium, attention should be paid to: (1) accurately mastering the number of culture mediums; (2) the selenium solution and the culture medium are required to be fully and uniformly mixed; (3) selenium application is stopped 10 days before harvesting.
Bagging and sterilizing: filling the mixed culture medium into a bag, sealing, sterilizing by steam at normal pressure, arranging the charging barrel into a # -shape, rapidly heating to 100 ℃, keeping for 15-18 h, and not cooling without stopping fire in the midway; or sterilizing with high pressure steam at pressure of 1.37 × 105 Pa and temperature of 126 deg.C for 1.5 hr; and after the sterilization is finished, cooling the material bag for inoculation. The inoculum size of each fungus bag is 15-18.75 ml/bag.
Inoculation: before inoculation, 66% sodium dichloroisocyanurate smoke agent 2-3 needs to be used in an inoculation chambergM3, fumigating for 5h for disinfection. The inoculation is carried out in the middle of the night or in the early morning of a sunny day. During inoculation, the material bags are arranged on an operation table, the adhesive plaster sealed by the material bags is opened by one corner, strains are put in the material bags, and then the bottle openings are sealed.
In the inoculation box, aseptic gloves are worn, a thin layer of tremella primordium on the surface layer of the strain is dug out by using an inoculation shovel, then the tremella primordium is slowly stirred by using an electric seed dresser to ensure that hyphae are uniformly stirred, the tremella primordium is subpackaged to an inoculation bottle, a cotton plug is plugged, and the tremella primordium is transferred to a spawn running room to wait for inoculation.
When the temperature of the culture medium is lower than 28 ℃, punching an inoculation hole on the fungus bag, wherein the depth of the hole is 1.5cm, and the diameter of the hole is 1.2cm, and inoculating the strain in the strain bottle into the inoculation hole;
spawn running: placing the inoculated fungus bags into a culture room, controlling the temperature to be 26-27 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 65-70% in the first 3 days; controlling the temperature to be about 24 ℃ after 3 days, controlling the temperature to be higher than 30 ℃, paying attention to ventilation, ventilating for l-2 times every day, each time for 20-30 min, and closing the door and window for heat preservation when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃;
in the case of a closed culture chamber space, equipment may be used to maintain the temperature and humidity within the culture chamber. For example, a heater and a humidifier may be used.
And (3) ear emergence: inoculating for 12-13 days, spreading mycelia over the bag, cutting open the bag, and spraying Chinese medicinal mixture on the surface of the bag to promote growth of mycelia;
the surface of the fungus bag is sprayed with the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, so that water can be provided for a culture medium in the fungus bag, and various trace primary colors and vitamins can be provided for the culture medium, so that the tremella is higher in meat quality and higher in nutritive value. Wherein the concentration of the sprayed Chinese medicinal extractive solution is 20-30%.
And in the fruiting body formation stage, the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 85-93%, when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃, ventilation and water spraying are enhanced, ventilation is carried out once in the morning and at night, and each time lasts for about 20 min.
And (3) 18 days after inoculation, when the young ear grows to 3-4 cm, the young ear enters the growth period of the sporocarp, the temperature is kept at 23-25 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 90-95%.
After 25 days, when the sporocarp grows to 6-8 cm, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃.
The temperature and humidity required for growth of tremella at different stages are different, and therefore, the temperature and humidity in the culture chamber need to be adjusted at different stages. In the fruiting body formation stage, a large amount of water is required, and therefore, the humidity in the culture chamber is high.
30 days after inoculation, when the sporocarp grows to about 12cm, the mature period of the sporocarp is started, water spraying is stopped, the temperature is kept at 23-24 ℃, the air humidity is reduced to about 80%, ventilation is carried out for 3 times every day for about 30min, the air is kept fresh, and meanwhile, scattered light is used for irradiating.
Harvesting: when the ear is fully unfolded, white, translucent, soft and elastic, it should be harvested regardless of the size of the flower.
According to the above description, in the selenium-rich tremella cultivation method provided by the application, when the culture medium is mixed with materials, the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is used for mixing the materials, and meanwhile, the culture medium can be prepared by using the traditional Chinese medicine waste residues as culture materials, so that the traditional Chinese medicine components in the culture medium are fully absorbed in the growth process of tremella, and the nutritional value of the selenium-rich tremella is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A selenium-rich tremella cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a culture medium: main materials: at least one of wood chips, corncobs and cottonseed hulls, and auxiliary materials: bran, sugar, magnesium sulfate and gypsum powder; adding 1-1.3kg of the Chinese medicinal mixture into per kg of the dry materials, and stirring, wherein the water content of the culture medium is 65%;
selenium application in a culture medium: when in material mixing, 30g of grain and oil type zinc-selenium cake is weighed and dissolved in 8-10 kg of water to be uniformly stirred, and then the grain and oil type zinc-selenium cake is added into 50kg of culture medium to be fully and uniformly mixed;
bagging and sterilizing: filling the mixed culture medium into a bag, sealing, sterilizing by steam at normal pressure, arranging the charging barrel into a # -shape, rapidly heating to 100 ℃, keeping for 15-18 h, and not cooling without stopping fire in the midway; or sterilizing with high pressure steam at pressure of 1.37 × 105 Pa and temperature of 126 deg.C for 1.5 hr; after the sterilization is finished, cooling and inoculating the material bag;
inoculation: putting on sterile gloves in an inoculation box, digging out a thin layer of tremella primordium on the surface layer of a strain by using an inoculation shovel, slowly stirring by using an electric seed dresser to ensure that hyphae are uniformly stirred, subpackaging the mixture to an inoculation bottle, plugging a cotton plug, and transferring the strain bottle to a spawn running room for inoculation;
when the temperature of the culture medium is lower than 28 ℃, punching an inoculation hole on the fungus bag, wherein the depth of the hole is 1.5cm, and the diameter of the hole is 1.2cm, and inoculating the strain in the strain bottle into the inoculation hole;
spawn running: placing the inoculated fungus bags into a culture room, controlling the temperature to be 26-27 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 65-70% in the first 3 days; controlling the temperature to be about 24 ℃ after 3 days, controlling the temperature to be higher than 30 ℃, paying attention to ventilation, and ventilating for 20-30 min each time for l-2 times each day;
and (3) ear emergence: inoculating for 12-13 days, spreading mycelia over the bag, cutting open the bag, and spraying Chinese medicinal mixture on the surface of the bag to promote growth of mycelia;
in the fruiting body formation stage, the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 85-93%, when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃, ventilation and water spraying are enhanced, ventilation is carried out once in the morning and at night, and each time lasts for about 20 min;
18 days after inoculation, when the young ear grows to 3-4 cm, the young ear enters the growth period of the sporocarp, the temperature is kept at 23-25 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 90-95%;
after 25 days, when the sporocarp grows to 6-8 cm, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃;
30 days after inoculation, when the sporocarp grows to about 12cm, entering the mature period of the sporocarp, stopping spraying water, keeping the temperature at 23-24 ℃, reducing the air humidity to about 80%, ventilating for 3 times every day for about 30min every time, keeping the air fresh, and meanwhile, irradiating by using scattered light;
harvesting: when the ear is fully unfolded, white, translucent, soft and elastic, it should be harvested regardless of the size of the flower.
2. The method for cultivating selenium-rich tremella according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium is prepared by adding a traditional Chinese medicine mixture into the dry materials, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine mixture comprises: at least two Chinese medicinal extractive solutions of Coptidis rhizoma, semen Cassiae, fructus Momordicae Charantiae, flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Folum Ilicis, and radix Stellariae;
the concentration of the Chinese medicinal mixed solution is 50-60%.
3. The method for cultivating selenium-rich tremella according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the mixed solution of traditional Chinese medicines sprayed on the surface of the fungus bag is 20-30% in the stage of fungus emergence.
4. The method for cultivating selenium-rich tremella fuciformis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in proportion:
76% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1.5% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 2% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
3% of corncob, 80% of cottonseed hull, 15% of bran, 1% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
85% of cottonseed hulls, 13% of bran, 0.5% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 1% of gypsum powder; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
15% of wood dust, 60% of cottonseed hulls, 22% of bran, 1% of sugar, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of gypsum powder.
5. The method for cultivating selenium-rich tremella fuciformis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture medium further comprises waste residues of traditional Chinese medicines.
6. The method for cultivating selenium-rich tremella fuciformis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inoculation amount of each fungus bag is 15-18.75 ml/bag.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113711850A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-30 | 四川工大西南食品研究有限责任公司 | Tremella fuciformis cultivation method, tremella fuciformis, culture medium and application |
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2021
- 2021-05-24 CN CN202110563923.8A patent/CN113261472A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113711850A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-30 | 四川工大西南食品研究有限责任公司 | Tremella fuciformis cultivation method, tremella fuciformis, culture medium and application |
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