CN113249487B - 用于肝癌早期筛查的生物标志物组合、检测方法和试剂盒 - Google Patents

用于肝癌早期筛查的生物标志物组合、检测方法和试剂盒 Download PDF

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CN113249487B
CN113249487B CN202110730746.8A CN202110730746A CN113249487B CN 113249487 B CN113249487 B CN 113249487B CN 202110730746 A CN202110730746 A CN 202110730746A CN 113249487 B CN113249487 B CN 113249487B
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段小红
张怡然
王冰
杨春燕
马宇
王东亮
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Abstract

本发明涉及分子生物技术领域,特别涉及用于肝癌早期筛查的生物标志物组合、检测方法和试剂盒,包括与乙肝阳性人群肝癌早期甲基化位点相关的8对靶标特异引物及对应的内参引物、特异性引物探针。与现有技术相比,本发明通过筛选中国乙肝阳性人群肝癌早期基因组超甲基化区域,并与白细胞基因组对应区域进行比对,选取8个可用于判别早期肝癌风险的引物及对应探针序列;利用甲基化敏感内切酶不能切割甲基化位点的特性,降解非肿瘤来源cfDNA,特异扩增肿瘤来源ctDNA极大提升检查灵敏度;不使用重亚硫酸盐转化,避免了cfDNA体外降解,检测灵敏度高,检测周期短、成本低、易于推广。

Description

用于肝癌早期筛查的生物标志物组合、检测方法和试剂盒
技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物技术领域,特别涉及用于肝癌早期筛查的生物标志物组合、检测方法和试剂盒。
背景技术
癌症是中国死亡的首要原因,中国癌症死亡率高于发达国家,早期诊断率低是原因之一。早期诊断可以改善癌症预后,极大提升治疗成功率、降低成本、避免病情复杂化。肿瘤的早筛早诊早治疗对提高五年生存率具有非常大的意义。但是目前早期癌症受限于技术原因检出率低,肿瘤的早筛和早诊亟待有所突破。
肝细胞肝癌(Hepatocellular Carcinoma,HCC)是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一。由于肝癌起病隐匿,早期没有症状,且多数患者缺乏普查意识,往往出现症状才到医院就诊而被诊断为晚期肝癌,而晚期肝癌治疗效果很不理想,平均生存期一般只有3-6个月。对于肝癌患者而言,如果早期发现和诊断肝癌,就更有可能接受根治性治疗(手术、消融等),其治疗效果和预后均明显优于晚期肝癌。因此,肝癌的早期诊断意义非常重大。
目前肿瘤检测方法主要分为传统检测和基因检测两种,涵盖血清肿瘤标记物、医学影像学检查、组织活检、液体活检等方式。相比于传统的活检方法,液体活检具有非侵入性、操作简单、能重复取样等优点。液体活检中ctDNA(循环肿瘤DNA)变异是理想的检测靶点,研究表明在癌症发生早期,特定区域ctDNA存在超甲基化。与ctDNA突变模式相比,甲基化模式改变更为保守,同一癌种中改变模式一致性高。通过检测特定区域ctDNA甲基化改变,可以实现肝癌的早期筛查与诊断。现有技术依赖于重亚硫酸氢盐转化ctDNA,构建转化文库,通过二代测序检测靶标区域甲基化。
正常生理条件下,人体血循环中存在由凋亡和坏死的细胞释放的游离DNA(cellfree DNA,cfDNA),肿瘤患者的血循环中还可检测到游离循环肿瘤DNA(circulatingtumorDNA ,ctDNA),由于ctDNA携带有与原发肿瘤组织相一致的分子遗传学改变,并且能全面的反映患者体内肿瘤细胞的遗传信息和演变进程,可以作为理想的肿瘤标志物,用于肿瘤的诊断、分子分型、疗效评价和追踪以及预后评估。
发明内容
针对以上述背景技术的不足,本发明提供一种用于肝癌早期筛查的生物标志物组合、检测方法和试剂盒,解决了早期肝癌检测敏感度低,特异性差,操作复杂及成本高的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:用于肝癌早期筛查的生物标志物组合,关键在于:包括与乙肝阳性人群肝癌早期甲基化位点相关的8对靶标特异引物及对应的内参引物、特异性引物探针;其中所述8对靶标特异引物的序列如下:
Figure 147376DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Figure 297735DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
优选的,所述内参引物的序列如下:
Figure 627085DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
优选的,所述特异性引物探针如下:
Figure 622723DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
优选的,所述内参引物探针的序列如下:
Figure 353919DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
用于肝癌早期筛查的试剂盒,关键在于:包括以上所述的用于肝癌早期筛查的生物标志物组合。
用于肝癌早期筛查的检查方法,关键在于包括以下步骤:
S1.提取血浆中的cfDNA;
S2.将cfDNA与酶体系在37℃下孵育;
S3.将孵育产物作为模板,加入8对靶标特异引物、内参引物,进行多重PCR扩增;
S4.将扩增产物作为模板,加入8对靶标特异引物、8个特异性引物探针及内参引物,进行进行qPCR检测反应;
S5.根据8对靶标特异引物与内参引物的Ct值之差ΔCt,评估肝癌风险。
优选的,所述S1具体为:采用Qiagen血浆游离DNA提取试剂盒提取血浆中的cfDNA。
优选的,所述S2中酶体系为含有HinP1I、HpaII、AciI、HpyCH4IV的甲基化敏感内切酶体系。
优选的,所述S3的扩增程序为:98℃/45 s,1cycles;(98℃/15 s,55℃/30 s,72℃/30 s),8cycles; 72℃/1 min,1cycles;4℃/hold。
优选的,所述S4的qPCR检测反应程序为:95℃/3min,1cycles;(98℃/15 s, 60℃/60 s),40cycles。
优选的,所述S5的评估方式为:
ΔCt=8对引物特异扩增Ct值-内参引物扩增Ct值;
ΔCt>1 肝癌高风险,建议定期超声检测;
ΔCt≤1肝癌低风险。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明通过筛选中国乙肝阳性人群肝癌早期基因组超甲基化区域,并与白细胞基因组对应区域进行比对,选取8个在白细胞中低甲基化,且区域内含有CCGC、CCGG、GCGC、ACGT、GCGG中至少两个位点的区域作为靶点,设计并筛选PCR效率高,特异性强,稳定性好的8个可用于判别早期肝癌风险的引物及对应探针序列;
2. 利用甲基化敏感内切酶不能切割甲基化位点的特性,降解非肿瘤来源cfDNA,特异扩增肿瘤来源ctDNA极大提升检查灵敏度;不使用重亚硫酸盐转化,避免了cfDNA体外降解,检测灵敏度高,可检测低至0.01%的甲基化水平升高改变,检测周期短、成本低、易于推广。
附图说明
图1为基于本发明的风险判定图;
图2为基于本发明的分类性能AUC曲线图;
图3为基于本发明的甲基化检测限曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好的理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
实施例1 用于肝癌早期筛查的试剂盒
包括Qiagen血浆游离DNA提取试剂盒、HinP1I、HpaII、AciI、HpyCH4IV甲基化敏感内切酶体系、8对靶标特异引物、内参引物及内参引物探针;
其中所述靶标特异引物、内参引物、特异性引物探针及内参引物探针的序列如下表1:
表1
Figure 81703DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure 632770DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
实施例2 用于肝癌早期筛查的检查方法
1. 取2 mL血浆,采用Qiagen血浆游离DNA提取试剂盒(Cat: 55204)提取cfDNA;
2. 取20 ng cfDNA与20μLHinP1I、HpaII、AciI、HpyCH4IV四种甲基化敏感内切酶体系(终浓度10 U/μL),于37℃ 孵育16 h,80℃酶失活 20 min;
3.将孵育完成的全部产物作为模板,8对靶标特异引物(每种50 nM)加1个内参引物(10 nM)配置体系,设置以下表2设定程序在ABI 7500荧光PCR仪中进行扩增程序;
表2
Figure 963258DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
4. 取上步扩增产物1μL做为模板,加入8对靶标特异引物(每种0.25μM),8个特异性引物探针(每种0.1μM)加1个内参引物(0.05 μM)及内参引物探针(0.02 μM),设置以下表3设定程序在ABI 7500荧光PCR仪中进行qPCR反应,每轮循环结束前采集FAM及VIC通道信号;
表3
Figure 221064DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
5. 根据8对靶标特异引物与内参引物的Ct值之差ΔCt,如图1所示,评估肝癌风险,ΔCt=8对引物特异扩增Ct值-内参引物扩增Ct值;
ΔCt>1 肝癌高风险,建议定期超声检测;
ΔCt≤1肝癌低风险。
对98例健康者和125例Ⅰ-Ⅲ期肝癌患者的血液样本同时采用本发明评估肝癌风险性能,样本信息和测试结果如下表4所示:
表4
Figure 450575DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Figure 285676DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 29641DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 532167DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Figure 929650DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
将表4中的数据导入到Graphpadprism 6.0软件中,自动生成ROC曲线,并统计曲线下面积AUC值(图2),横坐标为1-特异度,纵坐标为敏感度,软件统计结果以ΔCt>1为阈值,分类器敏感度90.40%,特异度93.88%。
实施例3 肝癌早期筛查方法的灵敏度检测
将人基因组全非甲基化标准品(全基因组PCR扩增数次),以10倍梯度稀释,向人基因组全非甲基化标准品中加入市购的人基因组全甲基化标准品(体外甲基化酶处理),配置成10%,1%,0.1%,0.01%,0%甲基化程度标准品。分别取20 ng 各梯度标准品与20μL HinP1I、HpaII、AciI、HpyCH4IV四种甲基化敏感内切酶体系(终浓度10 U/μL),于37℃ 孵育16 h,80℃酶失活 20 min;分别将孵育完成的全部产物作为模板,8对靶标特异引物(每种50 nM),设置以下表2设定程序在普通PCR仪中进行扩增程序;
表2
Figure 455309DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
取上步扩增产物1μL做为模板,加入8对靶标特异引物(每种0.25μM),8个特异性引物探针 (每种0.1μM)设置以下表3设定程序在ABI 7500荧光PCR仪中进行qPCR反应, 每轮循环结束 前采集FAM通道信号;
表3
Figure 268544DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
各梯度标准品的扩增曲线如图3所示,从扩增曲线上可以看出,本发明的检测方法可以区分 0.01%甲基化程度标准品与全非甲基化标准品。
最后需要说明,上述描述仅为本发明的优选实施例,本领域的技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不违背本发明宗旨及权利要求的前提下,可以做出多种类似的表示,这样的变换均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
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<213> Seq ID NO.7R(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 14
Gly Ala Gly Cys Gly Gly Cys Cys Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala
1 5 10 15
Cys Cys Cys Ala
20
<210> 15
<211> 21
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.8F(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 15
Ala Gly Gly Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys Gly Cys Thr Ala Gly
1 5 10 15
Gly Gly Cys Thr Gly
20
<210> 16
<211> 27
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.8R(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 16
Ala Cys Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly
1 5 10 15
Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Thr Cys
20 25
<210> 17
<211> 25
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.9F(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 17
Gly Gly Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys
1 5 10 15
Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Cys Gly Thr Cys
20 25
<210> 18
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.9R(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 18
Ala Cys Gly Ala Gly Gly Cys Cys Cys Ala Gly Ala Gly Cys Ala Ala
1 5 10 15
Gly Ala Gly Ala
20
<210> 19
<211> 21
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.1P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 19
Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly Thr Gly Cys Cys Gly
1 5 10 15
Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr
20
<210> 20
<211> 24
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.2P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 20
Cys Cys Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Thr Gly Cys Cys Gly Cys Gly Gly
1 5 10 15
Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Cys Thr
20
<210> 21
<211> 21
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.3P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 21
Ala Cys Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys Cys Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr Cys Ala Cys
1 5 10 15
Gly Thr Ala Gly Thr
20
<210> 22
<211> 22
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.4P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 22
Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Cys Cys Gly Cys Cys
1 5 10 15
Gly Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys
20
<210> 23
<211> 24
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.5P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 23
Cys Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Cys Gly Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Gly
1 5 10 15
Cys Ala Cys Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr
20
<210> 24
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.6P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 24
Cys Ala Ala Cys Cys Cys Gly Gly Cys Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala
1 5 10 15
Cys Gly Thr Thr
20
<210> 25
<211> 23
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.7P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 25
Cys Ala Cys Cys Cys Cys Gly Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly Ala Cys
1 5 10 15
Gly Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly Gly
20
<210> 26
<211> 24
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.8P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 26
Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Gly Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Cys
1 5 10 15
Gly Gly Gly Gly Cys Ala Gly Gly
20
<210> 27
<211> 24
<212> PRT
<213> Seq ID NO.9P(2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum)
<400> 27
Thr Ala Cys Cys Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Gly Ala Gly Cys Ala Cys Gly
1 5 10 15
Gly Cys Ala Thr Cys Gly Thr Cys
20

Claims (6)

1.用于肝癌早期筛查的试剂盒,其特征在于:包括与乙肝阳性人群肝癌早期甲基化位点相关的8对靶标特异性引物及对应的内参引物、特异性探针、内参探针和酶体系;其中所述8对靶标特异性引物的序列如下:
Seq ID NO.1F ATTGTGTCTGCCTAGGAAAAGGGTGTG,
Seq ID NO.1R AAAAGTCATTCTCGGCGGAGTGTTC;
Seq ID NO.2F TCGGCCCTGCCATGCCTCACAT,
Seq ID NO.2R AGTGCCAGGGCAGGAAAGCCACAG;
Seq ID NO.3F AGAGAATCTCACCACAAATGAAA,
Seq ID NO.3R TATGCCCTGCGATAGAAACAC;
Seq ID NO.4F GGCAGGAAGTGTGAGGTGTTGAGCAGCTA,
Seq ID NO.4R TCCGACTTCCGCTCCTCCTCACCACAA;
Seq ID NO.5F ACTTCTGCGAGCCCAACCC,
Seq ID NO.5R ACAGCAGGTCGCAGCCGTC;
Seq ID NO.6F TGGCATAAAGTCTACTTGAGGGA,
Seq ID NO.6R CGTGCACTCTGTTTAGTGTCT;
Seq ID NO.7F TTTCTCGGTATTTCGTTGTCAAGGCCAC,
Seq ID NO.7R GAGCGGCCGGGAGAAACCCA;
Seq ID NO.8F AGGCGCTCCTCGCTAGGGCTG,
Seq ID NO.8R ACGGCATTCCTACATGAGATGGGGGTC;
所述内参引物的序列如下:
Seq ID NO.9F GGTGCCAGATTTTCTCCATGTCGTC,
Seq ID NO.9R ACGAGGCCCAGAGCAAGAGA;
所述特异性探针序列如下:
Seq ID NO.1P FAM-CTCTCCGCAAGTGCCGCTCCT-BHQ1,
Seq ID NO.2P FAM-CCCCAGGATGCCGCGGTGGGAACT-BHQ1,
Seq ID NO.3P FAM-ACCTCTCCCCTTTCACGTAGT-BHQ1,
Seq ID NO.4P FAM-CCTCCTGCTCCCCGCCGCCTCC-BHQ1,
Seq ID NO.5P FAM-CTGCAACGTCAGCTCGCACGGCAT-BHQ1,
Seq ID NO.6P FAM-CAACCCGGCACGGTTACGTT-BHQ1,
Seq ID NO.7P FAM-CACCCCGGGATCCGACGGCAAGG-BHQ1,
Seq ID NO.8P FAM-CCACCGCACAGGAAACGGGGCAGG-BHQ1;
所述内参探针序列如下:
Seq ID NO.9P VIC-TACCCCATCGAGCACGGCATCGTC-BHQ1;
所述酶体系为含有HinP1I、HpaII、AciI、HpyCH4IV 的甲基化敏感内切酶体系。
2.权利要求1所述试剂盒中的引物和探针序列在制备肝癌早期筛查试剂中的应用,其特征在于所述筛查方法包括以下步骤:
S1.提取血浆中的cfDNA;
S2.将cfDNA与酶体系在37℃下孵育;
S3.将孵育产物作为模板,加入8对靶标特异性引物、内参引物,进行多重PCR扩增;
S4.将扩增产物作为模板,加入8对靶标特异性引物、8个特异性探针及内参引物和探针,进行qPCR检测反应;
S5.根据8对靶标特异性引物与内参引物的Ct值之差ΔCt,评估肝癌风险。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于所述S1具体为:采用Qiagen血浆游离DNA提取试剂盒提取血浆中的cfDNA。
4. 根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于所述S3的扩增程序为:98℃/45s,1个循环;98℃/15 s,55℃/30s,72℃/30s,8个循环;72℃/1 min,1个循环;4℃/hold。
5.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于所述S4的qPCR检测反应程序为:95℃/3min,1个循环;98℃/15s,60℃/60s,40个循环。
6.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于所述S5的评估方式为:
ΔCt=8对引物特异扩增Ct值-内参引物扩增Ct值;
ΔCt>1 肝癌高风险;
ΔCt≤1肝癌低风险。
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