CN113234031A - 一类d-a型聚集诱导发光化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一类d-a型聚集诱导发光化合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113234031A
CN113234031A CN202110369289.4A CN202110369289A CN113234031A CN 113234031 A CN113234031 A CN 113234031A CN 202110369289 A CN202110369289 A CN 202110369289A CN 113234031 A CN113234031 A CN 113234031A
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陈明
刘丰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一类D‑A型聚集诱导发光化合物及其制备方法和应用,所述化合物具有式(Ⅰ)或式(Ⅱ)所示结构,所述D‑A型聚集诱导发光化合物化合物的制备方法简单,反应条件温和,不需要过渡金属催化剂催化反应,较现有的同类化合物更容易大规模制备。所述D‑A型聚集诱导发光化合物具有较好的细胞酯滴靶向性,因此,所述D‑A型聚集诱导发光化合物能够应用在脂滴成像染料和肝组织脂肪细胞成像染料中。
Figure DDA0003008624650000011

Description

一类D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一类聚集诱导发光化合物,更具体地,涉及一类D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
据统计,脂肪肝已成为发病率仅次为病毒性肝炎的第二大肝类疾病。脂肪肝主要是由于脂肪细胞内脂肪累计过多引起的,而细胞内酯滴是储存脂类物质的重要细胞器。因此,检测细胞内酯滴的含量对于评判脂肪肝有着重要意义。目前,检测脂肪肝的方法主要有B超、核磁共振、血常规和肝组织病理检查等。相比而言,荧光检测具有灵敏度高、实时原位追踪和分辨率高等优势,因此能够成为最为直接检测脂肪肝病情的方法。
聚集诱导发光(aggregation-induced emission,AIE)是香港科技大学的唐本忠院士在2001年提出的发光领域新概念(Chem.Commun.2001,1740-1741)。AIE分子不同于传统的荧光分子,它们往往具有扭曲并灵活的分子构型,这使其容易在溶液态下由于分子内运动非辐射的耗散激发态能量不发光,而在聚集状态下由于分子内运动受限打开辐射跃迁通道实现发光增强。聚集诱导发光分子这种越聚集越亮的特性,完全克服了传统荧光分子的浓度荧光猝灭效应,在生物检测和生物成像等方面具有不可估量的应用前景。目前,聚集诱导发光分子对细胞膜、线粒体和溶酶体等细胞器的成像已被广泛报道。而关于酯滴成像的研究相关较少,因此开发用于酯滴成像的聚集诱导发光染料迫在眉睫。
具有电子给受体(D-A)结构的聚集诱导发光化合物在实际应用中具有明显的优势。例如,含有大π共轭桥的D-A化合物具有窄的能带隙和高的电子云极化能力,因此在近红外成像、非线性光学成像、光声成像和光热治疗等方面具有巨大的应用前景;此外,一些D-A结构的聚集诱导发光分子具有小的激发单重态和激发三重态能级裂分,这使其容易具有延迟荧光性质,从而实现在电致发光器件中100%的激子利用率,增加外量子效率(J.Phys.Chem.C 2009,113,15845-15853),但是要制备D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物反应条件比较苛刻。
目前,Buchwald-Hartwig胺化反应是合成D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的重要反应之一。Buchwald-Hartwig胺化反应是基于芳卤和胺基化合物的碳卤键活化的亲核取代反应,需要在钯催化剂催化下进行(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1995,34,1348-1350;TetrahedronLett.1995,36,3609-3612)。此外,基于碳氧键活化和碳氢键活化的胺化反应也可用于聚集诱导发光化合物的合成,但仍需要在钯、铜、铑、镍和银等过度金属催化剂的催化下完成(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2018,57,11045-11049;Chem.Rev.2017,117,9247-9301.)。在这些反应中,过渡金属催化剂的使用一方面具有毒性,另一方面增加了分子的合成成本。此外,多数胺化反应需要在惰性氛围和碱性条件下进行,从而限制了其大规模的生产。
因此,开发一种合成条件简单的D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述现有聚集诱导发光化合物的合成复杂、条件苛刻的缺陷,提供一类D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一类D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,具有式(Ⅰ)或式(Ⅱ)所示结构:
Figure BDA0003008624630000021
其中,所述R独立地选自
Figure BDA0003008624630000022
Figure BDA0003008624630000023
中的一种;
R'和R”各自独立地选自氢、苯基或烷基中的一种,且R'和R”不同时为氢;
R1各自独立地选自氢、卤素、甲氧基、甲基、叔丁基或二甲基胺基中的一种;
Figure BDA0003008624630000031
Figure BDA0003008624630000032
Figure BDA0003008624630000033
中的一种。
本发明所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物因为含有特殊的电子结构,所以具有扭曲分子内电荷转移(TICT)性质,因此,D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物在非极性介质中由于局域态跃迁发射较短且强的荧光,而在强极性介质中由于TICT效应而发射显著红移和削弱的荧光。
本发明中,所述烷基是指C1~C20烷基。
更优选地,所述R'和R”各自独立地选自H或者C1~C10烷基。
优选地,所述
Figure BDA0003008624630000034
选自
Figure BDA0003008624630000035
优选地,所述R基为
Figure BDA0003008624630000036
R1为氢或甲氧基。
一类D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
Figure BDA0003008624630000039
化合物与胺类化合物在有机溶剂中加热进行反应,即得D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,所述反应体系中,并不含有任何过渡金属催化剂;
所述胺类化合物为式(Ⅲ)或式(Ⅳ)所示结构:
Figure BDA0003008624630000037
所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物为式(Ⅰ)或式(Ⅱ)所示结构:
Figure BDA0003008624630000038
其中,式(Ⅰ)或
Figure BDA0003008624630000047
化合物中所述R独立地选自
Figure BDA0003008624630000041
Figure BDA0003008624630000042
Figure BDA0003008624630000043
中的一种;
式(Ⅰ)或式(Ⅲ)中R'和R”各自独立地选自氢、苯基或烷基中的一种,且R'和R”不同时为氢;
R1各自独立地选自氢、卤素、甲氧基、甲基、叔丁基或二甲基胺基中的一种;
式(Ⅱ)或式(Ⅳ)中的
Figure BDA0003008624630000044
独立的选自
Figure BDA0003008624630000045
Figure BDA0003008624630000046
中的一种。
当所述胺类化合物为芳香胺时,优选地,在体系中还加入正丁基锂作为活化剂。正丁基锂的加入,可以便于芳香胺活化,促使反应的进行。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、1,4-二氧六环、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述加热的反应温度为50~150℃。
优选地,所述加热的反应时间为1~40h。
所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物在作为脂滴成像染料中的应用。
所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物在作为肝组织脂肪细胞成像染料中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供了一类新的D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物具有较好的细胞酯滴靶向性,因此,所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物能够应用在脂滴成像染料和肝组织脂肪细胞成像染料中。所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的制备方法简单,反应条件温和,不需要额外的过渡金属催化剂催化反应,较现有的同类化合物更容易大规模制备。
附图说明
图1实施例1制备的化合物1在不同水比例的四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中的荧光光谱图;
图2为实施例12制备的化合物12在不同水比例的四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中的荧光光谱图;
图3为实施例13制备的化合物13在不同水比例的四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中的荧光光谱图;
图4为实施例14制备的化合物14在不同水比例的四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中的荧光光谱图;
图5为MTT法评价不同浓度的化合物a)1,b)12和c)13的细胞毒性图;
图6为化合物a)1,b)12和c)13的细胞成像及成像信号的荧光光谱图;
图7化合物a)1,b)12和c)13在细胞中与BODIPY 495/503的共染成像图;
图8为化合物12对小鼠脂肪肝组织的成像图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。本发明中,选用的原料
Figure BDA0003008624630000052
化合物可以通过直接购买,或通过参考参考文献(Appl.Phys.Lett.2009,94,253308;ACSNano,2020,14,4265-4275)提供的方法来制备。本发明中,选用的胺类化合物的来源为市售。本发明中,所述收率为色谱柱分离后的分离收率。
实施例1
提供一种D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,所述化合物的制备步骤如下:
在25mL单口瓶中加入100mg 2,3-二腈基-5,6-二苯基吡嗪(0.35mmol),1mL四氢呋喃和1.2当量的哌啶,反应在70℃下进行18h,反应后经减压蒸馏,用色谱柱提纯(淋洗剂为体积比为1:1的石油醚和二氯甲烷混合溶剂)得化合物1,结构式为
Figure BDA0003008624630000051
收率为91.2%,并对化合物1进行核磁共振氢谱检测,数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.52-7.50(d,2H),7.44-7.43(m,2H),7.38-7.28(m,6H),3.90(s,4H),1.78(s,6H).13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):154.1,152.0,142.9,137.9,137.5,130.0,129.7,129.3,128.4,128.3,117.9,109.9,48.5,26.0,24.6.HRMS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 340.1675([M]+),calcd for C22H20N4340.1688).
所述化合物的反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0003008624630000061
不变换上述反应物,调整反应条件,形成实施例2~11,考察反应温度、反应时间和有机溶剂对收率的影响;所述条件的选择见表1。
表1实施例2~11
有机溶剂 反应温度/℃ 反应时间/h 收率/%
实施例2 DMF 50 7 91
实施例3 DMF 100 7 85
实施例4 DMF 150 7 83
实施例5 THF 70 16 88
实施例6 氯仿 70 23 93
实施例7 DMSO 70 4 95
实施例8 甲苯 70 14 5
实施例9 DMF 70 1 20
实施例10 DMF 70 30 89
实施例11 DMF 70 40 89
实施例12
提供一种D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,所述化合物的制备步骤如下:
在25mL单口瓶中加入100mg二甲氧基取代的2,3-二腈基-5,6-二苯基吡嗪(约0.35mmol),1mL四氢呋喃和1.2当量的哌啶,反应在70℃下进行14h,反应后经减压蒸馏,用色谱柱提纯(淋洗剂为体积比为1:1的石油醚和二氯甲烷混合溶剂)得化合物12,结构式为
Figure BDA0003008624630000071
收率为84.2%,并对化合物12进行核磁共振氢谱检测,数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.51-7.49(d,2H),7.41-7.39(d,2H),6.86-6.83(m,4H),3.87(s,4H),3.84-3.83(d,6H),1.77(s,6H).13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):160.8,159.7,154.0,151.1,142.5,132.5,130.5,130.3,118.1,114.4,113.9,113.7,109.2,55.4,48.5,26.0,24.6.HRMS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 400.1895([M]+),calcd forC24H24N4O2 400.1899).
所述化合物的反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0003008624630000072
实施例13
提供一种D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,所述化合物的制备步骤如下:
在25mL单口瓶中加入100mg的2,3-二腈基-5,6-二苯基吡嗪(约0.35mmol),1mL四氢呋喃和1.2当量的四氢吡咯,反应在70℃下进行18h,反应后经减压蒸馏,用色谱柱提纯(淋洗剂为体积比为1:1的石油醚和二氯甲烷混合溶剂)得化合物13,结构式为
Figure BDA0003008624630000073
收率为93.1%,并对化合物13进行核磁共振氢谱检测,数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.51-7.49(m.2H),7.41-7.39(m,2H),7.37-7.29(m,6H),3.92-3.89(t,4H),2.10-2.07(m,4H).13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):153.1,151.5,141.9,138.1,137.8,130.0,129.6,129.4,128.4,128.3,128.1,118.6,107.8,48.8,25.7.HRMS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 326.1537([M]+),calcd for C21H18N4 326.1531).
所述化合物的反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0003008624630000081
实施例14
提供一种D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,所述化合物的制备步骤如下:
在25mL单口瓶中加入100mg的2,3-二腈基-5,6-二苯基吡嗪(约0.35mmol),1mL四氢呋喃和10当量的丙胺,反应在70℃下进行10h,反应后经减压蒸馏,用色谱柱提纯(淋洗剂为体积比为1:1的石油醚和二氯甲烷混合溶剂)得到化合物14,结构式为
Figure BDA0003008624630000082
收率为40.4%,并对化合物14进行核磁共振氢谱检测,数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.47-7.45(m,2H),7.37-7.27(m,8H),5.35-5.33(m,1H),3.62-3.57(m,2H),1.79-1.69(m,2H),1.06-1.02(m,3H).13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):153.8,153.7,142.3,137.9,137.8,129.9,129.5,129.3,128.3,128.1,128,115.8,110.8,43.1,22.8,11.5.HRMS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 315.1597([M+H]+),calcd for C20H18N4314.1531).
所述化合物的反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0003008624630000083
实施例15~23
本实施例的制备方法与实施例1类似,另外,当制备实施例21~23时,在反应体系中,加入相当于胺类化合物1.1当量的丁基锂。提供一系列D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,具体参数见表2。
表2实施例15~23
Figure BDA0003008624630000084
Figure BDA0003008624630000091
应用实施例1
将实施例1与实施例12~14制备的化合物1与实施例12~14溶于四氢呋喃中,配置1mM和100μM的母液。分别取1mL母液(100μM)置于6个菌种瓶中,分别加入9、7、5、3、1、0、mL的四氢呋喃。去0.1mL母液(1mM)置于另外菌种瓶中,加入0.4mL四氢呋喃。随后,在7个菌种瓶中分别加入0、2、4、6、8、9和9.5mL的水,摇匀后,测试光致发光光谱。
从图1~4看,由实施例1和实施例12~14制备的化合物1和12~14可以用于荧光检测。
应用实施例2
将实施例1和实施例12~13制备的化合物1和化合物12~13进行毒性测试:
将浓度为0、2、4、8、10μM的化合物1和化合物12~13与HeLa细胞共孵育,通过MTT分别判断活细胞的存活率。
从图5可以看出不同浓度的化合物1和化合物12~13对活细胞的的毒性非常小,可以用于活细胞染色。
应用实施例3
将化合物1和化合物12~13与HeLa细胞共孵育后,通过共聚焦显微镜收取绿色通道信号,并将收集的信号转化为光谱。通过与商业化酯滴染料(BODIPY 495/503)的共染色,判断与其信号的交叠程度。
从图7可以看出,化合物1和化合物12~13与商业化的酯滴染料交叠程度高,效果非常好,具有酯滴靶向性,可以应用于酯滴成像。
应用实施例4
将小鼠的脂肪肝组织浸泡在含有化合物12的培养液后,用PBS缓冲液冲洗数次后,可直接用来荧光成像。
从附图8可以看出,化合物12可以对脂肪细胞进行染色成像。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一类D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,其特征在于,具有式(Ⅰ)或式(Ⅱ)所示结构:
Figure FDA0003008624620000011
其中,所述R独立地选自
Figure FDA0003008624620000012
Figure FDA0003008624620000013
中的一种;
R'和R”各自独立地选自氢、苯基或烷基中的一种,且R'和R”不同时为氢;
R1各自独立地选自氢、卤素、甲氧基、甲基、叔丁基或二甲基胺基中的一种;
Figure FDA0003008624620000014
Figure FDA0003008624620000015
Figure FDA0003008624620000016
中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,其特征在于,所述R'和R”各自独立地选自氢或者C1~C10烷基。
3.根据权利要求1所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,其特征在于,所述
Figure FDA0003008624620000017
选自
Figure FDA0003008624620000018
4.根据权利要求1所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,其特征在于,所述R为
Figure FDA0003008624620000021
R1为氢或甲氧基。
5.一类D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
Figure FDA0003008624620000027
化合物与胺类化合物在有机溶剂中加热进行反应,即得D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物,所述反应体系中,并不含有任何过渡金属催化剂;
所述胺类化合物为式(Ⅲ)或式(Ⅳ)所示结构:
Figure FDA0003008624620000022
所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物为式(Ⅰ)或式(Ⅱ)所示结构:
Figure FDA0003008624620000023
其中,式(Ⅰ)或
Figure FDA0003008624620000028
化合物中所述R独立地选自
Figure FDA0003008624620000024
Figure FDA0003008624620000025
Figure FDA0003008624620000026
中的一种;
式(Ⅰ)或式(Ⅲ)中R'和R”各自独立地选自氢、苯基或烷基中的一种,且R'和R”不同时为氢;
R1各自独立地选自氢、卤素、甲氧基、甲基、叔丁基或二甲基胺基中的一种;
式(Ⅱ)或式(Ⅳ)中的
Figure FDA0003008624620000031
独立的选自
Figure FDA0003008624620000032
Figure FDA0003008624620000033
中的一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、1,4-二氧六环、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求5所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热的反应温度为50~150℃。
8.根据权利要求5所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热的反应时间为1~40h。
9.权利要求1~4任一项所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物在作为脂滴成像染料中的应用。
10.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述D-A型聚集诱导发光化合物在作为肝组织脂肪细胞成像染料中的应用。
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