CN113229494A - 一种高γ-氨基丁酸含量的金针菇杀青水提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高γ-氨基丁酸含量的金针菇杀青水提取物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229494A CN113229494A CN202110400700.XA CN202110400700A CN113229494A CN 113229494 A CN113229494 A CN 113229494A CN 202110400700 A CN202110400700 A CN 202110400700A CN 113229494 A CN113229494 A CN 113229494A
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- needle mushroom
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- aminobutyric acid
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高γ‑氨基丁酸含量的金针菇杀青水提取物，其特征在于，所述提取物中氨基酸的总量为2‑10％，蛋白质的含量为2‑10％，γ‑氨基丁酸的含量为0.15‑1％。金针菇杀青水提取物的制备方法包括如下步骤：将金针菇杀青水过滤，在收集滤液中加入1‑10％(w/v)的分散剂，搅拌，均匀混合，将制得的分散液经喷雾干燥，即得。本发明制得的金针菇杀青水提取物含有高含量的γ‑氨基丁酸且得率高，并含有丰富的营养成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域，具体涉及一种高γ-氨基丁酸含量的金针菇杀青水提取物及其制备方法和其应用。
背景技术
为了更好地保留金针菇的色、香、味和营养成分，工业生产中常将金针菇置于沸水中瞬间加热进行金针菇杀青，以破坏和抑制金针菇中酶活性，防止金针菇在处理过程中的营养成分氧化降解及变色变味，降低细菌总数并避免细菌污染。金针菇杀青水中含有大量丰富营养成分，亟需综合利用。但金针菇杀青水粘稠较高，容易形成粘壁的黏状物而影响其回收利用。为此，本领域急需研究一种金针菇杀青水的综合利用方法以提高综合利用利用率，减少三废排放，实现绿色环保。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高γ-氨基丁酸含量的金针菇杀青水提取物，所述提取物中氨基酸的总量为2-10％，蛋白质的含量为2-10％，γ-氨基丁酸的含量为0.15-1％。
本发明的优选技术方案中，提取物中氨基酸的总量为3-8％，优选为5-6％。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述氨基酸包括天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、组氨酸、色氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸。
本发明的优选技术方案中，提取物中蛋白质含量为3-8％，优选为5-6％。
本发明的优选技术方案中，提取物中γ-氨基丁酸的含量为0.3-0.8％，优选为0.5-0.6％。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种金针菇杀青水提取物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将金针菇杀青水过滤，在收集滤液中加入1-10％(w/v)的分散剂，搅拌，均匀混合，将制得的分散液经喷雾干燥，即得。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述金针菇杀青水的粘度不低于1500CP。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述分散剂选自乳糖、麦芽糊精、甘露醇、葡萄糖、D-海藻糖、乳糖、麦芽糊精、糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、蔗糖中的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述分散剂的加入量为2-8％，优选为5-6％。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述搅拌时间为1-20min，优选为5-10min。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述喷雾干燥的进气速率20-50m3/h，优选为30-40m3/h。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述喷雾干燥喷嘴的进口温度为80-120度，优选为90-100度。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述喷雾干燥的气体流量为400-800L/h，优选为500-600L/h。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述喷雾干燥的进样速率为5-10ml/min，优选为7-8ml/min。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述过滤为离心过滤。
本发明的优选技术方案中，将过滤收集的滤渣回收利用于制备金针菇栽培基质。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种含γ-氨基丁酸的药物组合物，所述组合物中包括本发明的金针菇杀青水提取物20-60％、茶氨酸1-3％、益生菌1-10％和药学上可接受的载体。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述益生菌选自酵母菌、益生芽孢菌、丁酸梭菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、放线菌中的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，组合物中益生菌添加量大于1.5亿个/g组合物。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述组合物中还含有蛋白补充剂。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述蛋白补充剂选自乳清蛋白、酪蛋白、大豆蛋白中的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，组合物中蛋白补充剂的含量为3-15％，优选为5-10％。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述组合物中还含有其他药学上可接受的载体。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述药学上可接受的载体选自填充剂(又称稀释剂)、润滑剂(又称助流剂或抗粘着剂)、分散剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、调节剂、增溶剂(又称稳定剂)、抗氧剂、乳化剂、矫味剂、赋香剂的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的粘合剂选自糖浆、阿拉伯胶、明胶、山梨醇、黄芪胶、纤维素、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素、明胶浆、糖浆、淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶化淀粉、改良淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、玉米淀粉、淀粉浆、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的填充剂选自乳糖、糖粉、糊精、淀粉或其衍生物、纤维素、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素、硫酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、沉降碳酸钙、山梨醇、甘氨酸、羧甲基淀粉钠、淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶化淀粉、改良淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、玉米淀粉的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的润滑剂选自微粉硅胶、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、硼酸、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的崩解剂选自淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶化淀粉、改良淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、玉米淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、微晶纤维素的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的湿润剂选自十二烷基硫酸钠、水、醇的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的乳化剂选自聚山梨酯-80、没酸山梨坦、普流罗尼克F-68，卵磷酯、豆磷脂的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的酸碱调节剂选自无机酸、有机酸的任一种或其组合，优选为柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、苹果酸、苹果酸钠、盐酸、醋酸、醋酸钠、磷酸、磷酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钠、碳酸、碳酸钠、磺酸、磺酸钠、谷氨酸、酒石酸、酒石酸钠、乳酸、乳酸钠、富马酸、富马酸钠、衣康酸、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸钠、烟酸、烟酸钠、延胡索酸、α-酮戊二酸、果酸、果酸钠、乙酸、草酸、琥珀酸、二氧化碳、枸橼酸、枸橼酸钠的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述酸碱调节剂的浓度为0.5-8mol/L，优选为0.8-6mol/L，更优选为1-5mol/L，还优选为2-4mol/L。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的稳定剂(增溶剂)选自甘油、吐温-80的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的抗氧剂选自山梨酸钾、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、二丁基苯酸的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的赋香剂选自香料、食用香料、食用香精的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，本发明的组合物可为本领域熟知的各种剂型，并可采用本领域常规的制剂技术制备得到。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述组合物为口服制剂。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的口服制剂选自口服液(液体制剂)、糖浆剂、混悬液、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、滴丸、合剂、露剂、泡腾剂、糊剂、乳剂、茶剂的任一种。
本发明的优选技术方案中，将本发明的金针菇杀青水组合物与药学上可接受的缓控释载体按其制备要求加以混合，再按照本领域熟知的缓控释制剂的制备方法，如加入阻滞剂包衣或将活性成分微囊化后再制成微丸，如缓释微丸或控释微丸；所述的缓控释载体包括但不仅限于油脂性掺入剂、亲水胶体或包衣阻滞剂等，所述的油脂性掺入剂选自单硬脂酸甘油酯、氢化蓖麻油、矿油、聚硅氧烷、二甲基硅氧烷的任一种或其组合；所述的亲水胶体选自羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、PVP、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、卡波普的任一种或其组合；所述的包衣阻滞剂选自乙基纤维素(EC)、羟丙甲基纤维素(HMPC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素(CAP)、丙烯酸类树脂的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述组合物中包括金针菇杀青水提取物20-60％，茶氨酸1-3％，乳清蛋白5-10％，CaCl2 0.1-5％，海藻酸钠1-5％，糙米5-10％，大豆5-10％，单糖1-20％，木糖醇5-10％，益生菌1-10％和药学上可接受的载体。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的单糖选自果糖、山梨糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、木糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、古罗糖、甘露糖、木糖、来苏糖的任一种或其组合。
本发明的优选技术方案中，组合物中单糖的含量为1-20％，优选为5％。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述益生菌选自酵母菌、益生芽孢菌、丁酸梭菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、放线菌中的任一种或其组合。
本发明的另一目的在于提供本发明的金针菇杀青水提取物或含有金针菇杀青水提取物的药物组合物用于制备缓解抑郁症状的制品中的应用。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述抑郁症状选自焦虑、睡眠不足、记忆力下降中的任一种或其并发症。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种具有缓解抑郁症状功效的药物组合物，所述组合物由金针菇杀青水提取物或含金针菇杀青水的药物组合物的任一种与抗抑郁药物组成。
本发明的优选技术方案中，所述的抗抑郁症药物选自氟西汀、帕罗西汀、氟伏沙明、舍曲林、西酞普兰、艾司西酞普兰的任一种或其组合。
除非另有说明，本发明涉及液体与液体之间的百分比时，所述的百分比为体积/体积百分比；本发明涉及液体与固体之间的百分比时，所述百分比为体积/重量百分比；本发明涉及固体与液体之间的百分比时，所述百分比为重量/体积百分比；其余为重量/重量百分比。
如无特殊说明，本发明采用《GB 5009.124-2016食品安全国家标准食品中氨基酸的测定》检测氨基酸的含量，采用《GB 5009.5-2016食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定》检测蛋白质的含量。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有下述有益技术效果：
1.本发明处理金针菇杀青水工艺的生产能力大，每小时喷雾量处理杀青水量可达几百吨，有效实现了资源环保利用。
2.本发明所使用的温度为中温，去除微生物污染并有效保留提取物中的有效成分和营养成分及其风味、色泽，制得提取物粉末质地松脆，溶解性能好。
3.本发明制得的金针菇杀青水提取物含有高含量的γ-氨基丁酸且得率高，并含有丰富的营养成分，包括足量的人体必需和非必需氨基酸，蛋白质含量超过牛奶等高钙食物，富含膳食纤维以及微量元素。
4.本发明利用制备的提取物及其药物组合物，有良好的缓解抑郁症状、改善睡眠、缓解焦虑、提高记忆力、提高免疫力等功效。
附图说明
图1实施例1中喷雾干燥粉末照片
图2实施例1-2、对比例1-2中的营养成分含量
具体实施方式
以下参照实施例说明本发明。但本发明不局限于实施例。
具体实施方式采用金针菇杀青水，将0.3吨金针菇放入1吨100℃沸水中杀青3分钟后取出，再投入0.3吨金针菇进行杀青，重复上述操作至共投入3吨金针菇进行杀青。待所有金针菇均杀青完毕后，收集杀青水，使用质构仪(品牌SMS，产地英国，型号TA.XT PLUS)检测杀青水粘度为1500cp。
实施例1
金针菇杀青水提取物的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
(1)将1000ml金针菇杀青水用两层纱布过滤，收集滤渣和滤液；
(2)在滤液中加入5％的麦芽糊精，搅拌10min，制得分散液；
(3)打开喷雾干燥仪电源，设置干燥进气速率为35m3/h，进口温度为100℃，雾化气体流量600L/h，蠕动泵进样速率为8ml/min，将步骤(2)制得的分散液喷入喷雾干燥中，收集喷雾干燥提取物(图1)。检测提取物中营养成分含量，结果见图2。
实施例2
金针菇杀青水提取物的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
(1)将1000ml金针菇杀青水用两层纱布过滤，得到滤渣和滤液；
(2)在滤液中加入4％的麦芽糊精，搅拌15min得分散液；
(3)打开喷雾干燥仪电源，设置干燥进气速率为40m3/h，设置进口温度为100℃，雾化气体流量550L/h，设置蠕动泵进样速率为8ml/min，开始喷入分散液，收集喷雾干燥提取物。检测提取物中营养成分含量，结果见图2。
对比例1
(1)将1000ml金针菇杀青水用两层纱布过滤，得到滤渣和滤液；
(2)在滤液中加入3％的麦芽糊精，搅拌10min得分散液；
(3)打开喷雾干燥仪电源，设置干燥进气速率为40m3/h，设置进口温度100℃，雾化气体流量500L/h，设置蠕动泵进样速率为7ml/min，开始喷入分散液。结果发现分散液较为粘稠，易堵塞喷口，喷雾颗粒大小不均一，容易粘壁。收集喷雾干燥提取物，检测提取物中营养成分含量，结果见图2。
对比例2
(1)将1000ml金针菇杀青水用两层纱布过滤，得到滤渣和滤液；
(2)打开喷雾干燥仪B-290电源，设置干燥进气速率为40m3/h，设置进口温度170℃，雾化气体流量500L/h，设置蠕动泵进样速率为7ml/min，开始喷入混合液，结果发现，分散液非常粘稠，较难得到喷雾干燥提取物。收集喷雾干燥提取物，检测提取物中营养成分含量，结果见图2。
试验例1功效对比试验
1、试验样本
选取具有抑制症状的志愿者40例(临床症状为失眠、记忆力衰退、神经衰弱)，志愿者1个月内未服用抗生素、微生态饮品或保健药者。将40例志愿者随机分为试验组(20例)和对照组(20例)。实验组和对照组在年龄、性别、病程及病情等方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
2、实验方法
试验组每日服用本发明实施例1的提取物，对照组每日服用对比例1的提取物，用量为2次/日，每次5g。连续服用14天。试验期间，受试者正常饮食。于试验开始前6天和服用提取物14天后分别检测受试者的临床症状。
3、实验结果
显效：大部分症状消失，生活质量基本维持，主要检查指标复查基本正常；有效：各种症状和阳性体征与治疗前比较有好转，主要检查指标复查有改善；无效：和治疗前比较各方面均无进步。
数据以均数±标准差(X±S)表示，计数资料采用X2检验，等级资料采用Ridit分析，计量资料采用t检验。结果见表1。
表1
注：*P<0.01
以上对本发明具体实施方式的描述并不限制本发明，本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变或变形，只要不脱离本发明的精神，均应属于本发明权利要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种高γ-氨基丁酸含量的金针菇杀青水提取物，其特征在于，所述提取物中氨基酸的总量为2-10％，蛋白质的含量为2-10％，γ-氨基丁酸的含量为0.15-1％。
2.如权利要求1所述的提取物，其特征在于，所述氨基酸包括天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、组氨酸、色氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸。
3.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的金针菇杀青水提取物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将金针菇杀青水过滤，在收集滤液中加入1-10％(w/v)的分散剂，搅拌，均匀混合，将制得的分散液经喷雾干燥，即得。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金针菇杀青水的粘度不低于1500CP。
5.如权利要求3-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述分散剂选自乳糖、麦芽糊精、甘露醇、葡萄糖、D-海藻糖、乳糖、麦芽糊精、糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、蔗糖中的任一种或其组合，优选所述分散剂的加入量为2-8％，优选为5-6％，优选所述搅拌时间为1-20min，优选为5-10min。
6.如权利要求3-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述喷雾干燥的进气速率20-50m3/h，优选为30-40m3/h，优选所述喷雾干燥喷嘴的进口温度为80-120度，优选为90-100度。
7.一种含γ-氨基丁酸的药物组合物，所述组合物中包括金针菇杀青水提取物20-60％、茶氨酸1-3％、益生菌1-10％和药学上可接受的载体，所述金针菇杀青水提取物为如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的金针菇杀青水提取物或如权利要求3-6任一项所述的方法制备得到的金针菇杀青水提取物。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物中包括金针菇杀青水提取物20-60％，茶氨酸1-3％，乳清蛋白5-10％，CaCl2 0.1-5％，海藻酸钠1-5％，糙米5-10％，大豆5-10％，单糖1-20％，木糖醇5-10％，益生菌1-10％和药学上可接受的载体。
9.一种具有缓解抑郁症状功效的药物组合物用于制备缓解抑郁症状的制品中的应用，其特征在于，所述药物组合物中含如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的金针菇杀青水提取物或如权利要求3-6任一项所述的方法制备得到的金针菇杀青水提取物，优选所述抑郁症状选自焦虑、睡眠不足、记忆力下降中的任一种或其并发症。
10.一种具有缓解抑郁症状功效的药物组合物，所述组合物由含如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的金针菇杀青水提取物或如权利要求3-6任一项所述的方法制备得到的金针菇杀青水提取物的药物组合物的任一种与抗抑郁药物组成。
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