CN113229360B - 苹果透气透氧保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
苹果透气透氧保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于保鲜剂领域，具体涉及一种苹果透气透氧保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用，保鲜剂包括下述质量份组分：小核菌发酵液100份；甘油1.5份；维生素E 2份、磷脂酶0.01份以及溶菌酶0.01份；本发明提供一种苹果透气透氧保鲜剂。专门用于苹果的保鲜。可在苹果采摘前使用，具有高透气透湿作用，可代替苹果采摘前套的塑料袋，有效保留果蔬的水分、香气和色泽，有效延缓果蔬采摘后贮藏过程中的腐烂进程，同时具有显著的生物可降解等多重功能特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保鲜剂领域，具体涉及一种苹果透气透氧保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
水果生产具有很强的季节性和地域性,为了满足消费者对水果的需求,水果的保鲜技术有待提高。目前广泛使用的包装材料多使用高分子聚合物如聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯等制成,这些材料不仅在自然界难以降解,造成了白色污染,并且造成了大量的资源浪费。因此利用可再生资源生产保鲜膜成为了一种新的趋势。
生物保鲜技术是伴随着近年来生物工程领域还有酶工程领域的研究不断发展而提出的，它是通过对微生物技术的运用，来制作出一种用以保鲜和防腐的生物保鲜液体，其中最常见的是多糖类物质。碳源的不同以及无机盐的添加都会影响发酵产多糖的结构，从而影响其功能。维生素E增加保鲜剂的抗氧化性，磷脂酶和溶菌酶是一种耐高温的酶，小核菌多糖和磷脂酶之间的协同作用，提高了液态保鲜剂的抑菌、抗氧化效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种苹果透气透氧保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种苹果透气透氧保鲜剂，包括下述质量份组分：小核菌发酵液100份；甘油1.5份；维生素E 2份、磷脂酶0.01份以及溶菌酶0.01份；
其中所述的小核菌发酵液采用下述步骤制备：以5％的接种，将小核菌种子液接种于100ml发酵液中，28℃、220r/min进行发酵培养；在小核菌发酵的12h时，加入6-磷酸果糖二钠其终浓度为0.1g/L；发酵72小时后将发酵液通过板框过滤器进行固液分离，过滤除去菌体，取澄清的发酵液即得小核菌发酵液。
所述的小核菌具体为齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)ATCC 15205。
本发明包括一种所述的苹果保鲜剂的制备方法，包括下述步骤：称取组分量甘油于过滤好的小核菌发酵液中，不断搅拌，使其充分混匀；称取剩余组分于上述溶液中即可得到一种高透气透湿防腐苹果专用保鲜剂。
本发明还包括一种所述的苹果保鲜剂的应用，将所述苹果保鲜剂涂抹于苹果表面，待其风干后及形成保鲜膜即可。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供一种苹果透气透氧保鲜剂。专门用于苹果的保鲜。可在苹果采摘前使用，具有高透气透湿作用，可代替苹果采摘前套的塑料袋，有效保留果蔬的水分、香气和色泽，有效延缓果蔬采摘后贮藏过程中的腐烂进程，同时具有显著的生物可降解等多重功能特性。
本发明所制备的保鲜剂选用天然材料，加工制备简单，属于生物可降解性材料。小核菌多糖属于葡聚糖，是一种生物可降解的无毒、生物相容性较高的高分子聚合物材料。齐整小核菌多糖为硬葡聚糖，小核菌多糖具有耐高温、耐酸碱的优良性能，赋予膜极强的稳定性，可应用于食品保鲜、农副产品贮存等方面，安全无毒，在自然界可被微生物降解利用，不会引起环境污染。
在发酵过程中添加无机盐的小核菌多糖和磷脂酶协同作用，提高保鲜剂的抑菌、抗氧化效果。甘油作为增塑剂，可有效增强膜的可塑性，抑菌剂的添加主要是针对小核菌多糖无法抑制的其他菌类物质，提高保鲜膜整体的广谱抑菌特性，
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1：小核菌发酵液的制备：以5％的接种，将小核菌种子液接种于100ml发酵液中，28℃、220r/min进行发酵培养；在小核菌发酵的12h时，加入6-磷酸果糖二钠至发酵液中6-磷酸果糖二钠的终浓度为0.1g/l；在发酵72h时将发酵液通过板框过滤器进行固液分离，过滤除去菌体，取澄清的发酵液即得小核菌发酵液。表1中示出不同实施例得到的小核菌发酵液。
表1
| 序号 | 6-磷酸果糖二钠 | 丙酮酸 |
| SN1 | 0.1g/l | 0 |
| SN2 | 0 | 0 |
| SN3 | 0 | 0.1g/l |
以实施例得到的小核菌发酵液制备苹果透气透氧保鲜剂。
实施例2：原料混合：称取甘油于100mL过滤好的小核菌发酵液中，不断搅拌，使其充分混匀。称取维生素E、磷脂酶和溶菌酶于上述溶液中得到一系列高透气透湿防腐苹果专用保鲜剂。表2示出不同原料的加入量。
表2
| 小核菌发酵液(ml) | 甘油(g) | 维生素E(g) | 磷脂酶(g) | 溶菌酶(g) | |
| 实施例1 | 100(SN1) | 1.5 | 2 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 实施例2 | 100(SN2) | 1.5 | 2 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 实施例3 | 100(SN3) | 1.5 | 2 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 对比例1 | 100(SN1) | 1.5 | 2 | 0 | 0.01 |
| 对比例2 | 0 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
小核菌多糖的液态水果保鲜剂的性能测试：
采用如下步骤进行膜性能测定。测定方法如下：
(1)水蒸气透过率：根据GB/T 1037-1988《塑料薄膜和片材透水蒸气性试验方法杯试法》；
(2)透氧率测定：根据GB/T 1038-2000《塑料薄膜和薄片气体透过性试验方法压差法》；
(3)透明度：将待测样品裁切成10mm×50mm矩形，贴于比色皿内侧，在700nm波长处测定吸光度值，以空比色皿作为对照，用透光率大小间接表示膜的透明度；表3示出样品的测试结果。
表3
(4)苹果果实的腐烂率计算
根据果实表面的腐烂面积的大小判断，将其划分为4个等级。如表4所示。
表4
其中以苹果不浸泡贮藏保鲜剂,作为空白对照,直接放入货架。然后将各处理组的苹果转入冷库中贮藏,库温-1-1℃,相对湿度90％。贮藏60天后，根据以上测定方法，对苹果的失重率和腐烂率进行测定，测定结果如下表5示出。
表5
实验表明，在发酵时加入6-磷酸果糖二钠的小核菌多糖和磷脂酶协同作用可有效的透气透湿，对苹果的生长和采摘后的保鲜有显著效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种苹果透气透氧保鲜剂，其特征在于，包括下述质量份组分：小核菌发酵液100份；甘油1.5份；维生素E 2份、磷脂酶0.01份以及溶菌酶0.01份；
其中所述的小核菌发酵液采用下述步骤制备：以5％的接种，将小核菌种子液接种于100ml发酵液中，28℃、220r/min进行发酵培养；在小核菌发酵的12h时，加入6-磷酸果糖二钠其终浓度为0.1g/L；发酵72小时后将发酵液通过板框过滤器进行固液分离，过滤除去菌体，取澄清的发酵液即得小核菌发酵液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的苹果透气透氧保鲜剂，其特征在于，所述的小核菌具体为齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)ATCC 15205。
3.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的苹果透气透氧保鲜剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：称取组分量甘油于过滤好的小核菌发酵液中，不断搅拌，使其充分混匀；称取剩余组分于上述溶液中即可得到一种高透气透湿防腐苹果专用保鲜剂。
4.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的苹果透气透氧保鲜剂的应用，其特征在于，将所述苹果保鲜剂涂抹于苹果表面，待其风干后及形成保鲜膜即可。
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