CN113207595A - Two-crop cultivation method for middle and lower Yangtze river sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Two-crop cultivation method for middle and lower Yangtze river sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207595A CN113207595A CN202110640737.XA CN202110640737A CN113207595A CN 113207595 A CN113207595 A CN 113207595A CN 202110640737 A CN202110640737 A CN 202110640737A CN 113207595 A CN113207595 A CN 113207595A
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- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-crop cultivation method for middle and lower Yangtze river sweet potatoes in the technical field of sweet potato cultivation, which comprises the following steps of S1: soil preparation; s2: transplanting; s3: managing and harvesting; s4: secondary cultivation; s5: managing a secondary base; s6: the method for cultivating the sweet potatoes in two crops at middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river at the proper period comprises the steps of adopting a two-crop cultivation method, adopting a small arched shed film covering cultivation method for the first crop to ensure normal rooting and growth of sweet potato seedlings in low-temperature weather, and cutting the disease and pest-free and robust sweet potato vine tips of the first crop as seedlings of the second crop, so that the sweet potato planting cost is effectively reduced, the yield is high, the quality is excellent, and the two-crop planting of the sweet potatoes is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato cultivation, in particular to a two-crop cultivation method for middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.
Background
The sweet potato is originally produced in south America, large and small safe Ross islands, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world, is generally cultivated in most regions of China, is a high-yield and strong-adaptability grain crop, and is closely related to industrial and agricultural production and people life. The root tuber is used as main grain, and also as important raw material for food processing, starch and alcohol production industry, and the root, stem and leaf are excellent feed.
In the existing sweet potato cultivation process, the temperature is low in early spring, normal growth of sweet potato seedlings cannot be guaranteed, the cultivation of the sweet potatoes is usually carried out in autumn, the price of the sweet potatoes in spring is high, the planting cost of the cultivation of the sweet potato seedlings is high, the planting efficiency is low, and the yield is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-crop cultivation method for sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river to solve the problems of high planting cost, low planting efficiency and low yield in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the two-crop cultivation method of sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river comprises the following steps:
s1: land preparation: selecting fertile soil with soft soil and easy irrigation and drainage as a planting field, after ploughing and leveling, starting ridging according to one ridge and two rows, wherein the middle of the ridge is high, the two sides of the ridge are low, the ridge is 25-30cm high, the ridge width is about 150cm, applying a compound fertilizer, and covering a mulching film;
s2: transplanting: cutting healthy 7-10 leaves of seedlings in the middle ten days of March, soaking the lower ends of the seedlings in nutrient solution for 2 minutes, taking out the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings onto ridges, planting 3500 seedlings per mu into two lines, building small arch frames on the ridges, and covering with films;
s3: and (4) management and harvesting: timely managing the base to ensure that the difference between the temperature in the small arched shed and the temperature outside the shed is 5 ℃, if the temperature in the shed is too high, uncovering the two ends for proper ventilation, and dismantling the small arched shed when the outdoor temperature is continuously stable and reaches more than 15 ℃; strengthening daily management (watering and weeding), and starting harvesting in the middle of 6 months;
s4: and (3) secondary cultivation: before harvesting the first crop, shearing a 30 cm-long and healthy sweet potato tip without diseases and insect pests as a second crop of seedlings (placed in a shade place), turning up a single row of ridges by using a rotary cultivator in the last ten days of July on a harvested planting base, then, re-forming the single row of ridges, wherein the ridge width is 100cm, the ridge height is 25-30cm, meanwhile, managing the second crop base (applying potassium sulfate, and the using amount per mu is 30-40kg), and then, flatly planting the seedlings on a new ridge;
s5: secondary base management: watering and weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, spraying vigorous growth control agent when the vines grow to 50-70cm, applying a foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times in the middle for adapting to the seedling condition and growing, and freely growing to maturity;
s6: harvesting in a proper period: harvest of the second crop started in late october.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer in the S1 is potassium sulfate (15:15:15), and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 30-40 kg/mu.
Preferably, the row spacing of the seedlings in the S2 is 30-40cm, and the plant spacing is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in S5 is a diluent obtained by diluting 3000 times and 5000 times of monopotassium phosphate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the two-crop cultivation method for the sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, the two-crop cultivation method is adopted, the small arched shed film covering cultivation method is adopted for the first crop, normal rooting and growth of the sweet potato seedlings in low-temperature weather are guaranteed, the disease and pest-free and robust sweet potato vine tips of the first crop are cut to serve as seedlings of the second crop, the sweet potato planting cost is effectively reduced, the yield is high, the quality is high, and the two-crop cultivation of the sweet potatoes is achieved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the following embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The two-crop cultivation method of sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river comprises the following steps: selecting fertile soil with soft soil and easy irrigation and drainage as a planting field, ploughing and leveling, starting ridging according to one ridge and two rows, wherein the middle of each ridge is high, the two sides of each ridge are low, the ridge is 25cm high, the ridge width is about 150cm, applying a compound fertilizer, covering with a mulching film, cutting healthy 7-10 leaves of seedlings in the middle ten days of March, soaking the lower ends of the seedlings in nutrient solution for 2 minutes, taking out the seedlings and transplanting the seedlings onto the ridges, planting 3500 seedlings per mu into two rows, the row spacing of 30cm, the plant spacing of 10cm, building small arch frames on the ridges, covering with the thin films, timely managing bases, ensuring that the temperature in the small arch shed is 5 ℃ different from the temperature outside the shed, uncovering two heads of the small arch shed for proper ventilation if the temperature in the shed is too high, and dismantling the small arch shed when the outdoor temperature continuously and stably reaches more than 15 ℃; strengthening daily management (watering and weeding), starting harvesting in the middle ten days of 6 months, before harvesting a first crop, shearing a 30 cm-long strong sweet potato vine tip as a seedling of a second crop (placing the seedling in a shade place), turning over the harvested planting base in the first ten days of July by using a rotary cultivator, then re-lifting a single-row ridge with the ridge width of 100cm and the ridge height of 25cm, simultaneously well managing the second crop base (applying potassium sulfate and the mu amount of 30-40kg), then flatly planting the seedling on a new ridge, watering and weeding, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, spraying a vigorous growth control agent when the vine grows to 50-70cm, spraying a foliar fertilizer (diluted by 3000 times of monopotassium phosphate) for 2 times, freely growing to maturity, and finally starting harvesting the second crop in the first ten days of November.
Example 2
The two-crop cultivation method of sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river comprises the following steps: selecting fertile soil with soft soil and easy irrigation and drainage as a planting field, ploughing and leveling, starting ridging according to one ridge and two rows, wherein the middle of the ridge is high, the two sides of the ridge are low, the ridge is 27cm high, the ridge is about 150cm wide, applying a compound fertilizer, covering with a mulching film, cutting seedlings with healthy 7-10 leaves in the middle ten days of March, soaking the lower ends of the seedlings in nutrient solution for 2 minutes, taking out the seedlings and transplanting the seedlings onto the ridges, planting 3500 seedlings per mu into two rows, the row spacing of 35cm, the plant spacing of 12cm, building small arch frames on the ridges, covering with the thin film, carrying out base management in due time, ensuring that the temperature in the small arch shed is 5 ℃ different from the temperature outside the shed, uncovering two ends of the small arch shed for proper ventilation if the temperature in the shed is too high, and continuously and stably achieving the outdoor temperature of more than 15 ℃, and then dismantling the small arch shed; strengthening daily management (watering and weeding), starting harvesting in the middle ten days of 6 months, before harvesting a first crop, shearing a 30 cm-long strong sweet potato vine tip as a seedling of a second crop (placing the seedling in a shade place), turning over the harvested planting base in the first ten days of July by using a rotary cultivator, then re-lifting a single-row ridge with the ridge width of 100cm and the ridge height of 27cm, simultaneously well managing the second crop base (applying potassium sulfate and the mu amount of 30-40kg), then flatly planting the seedling on a new ridge, watering and weeding, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, spraying a vigorous growth control agent when the vine grows to 50-70cm, spraying a foliar fertilizer (diluted by 3000 times of monopotassium phosphate) for 2 times, freely growing to maturity, and finally starting harvesting the second crop in the first ten days of November.
Example 3
The two-crop cultivation method of sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river comprises the following steps: selecting fertile soil with soft soil and easy irrigation and drainage as a planting field, ploughing and leveling, starting ridging according to one ridge and two rows, wherein the middle of the ridge is high, the two sides of the ridge are low, the ridge is 30cm high, the ridge is about 150cm wide, applying a compound fertilizer, covering with a mulching film, cutting seedlings with healthy 7-10 leaves in the middle ten days of March, soaking the lower ends of the seedlings in nutrient solution for 2 minutes, taking out the seedlings and transplanting the seedlings onto the ridge, planting 3500 seedlings per mu into two rows, the row spacing being 40cm, the plant spacing being 15cm, building a small arch on the ridge, covering with the film, carrying out base management in due time, ensuring that the temperature in the small arch shed is 5 ℃ different from the temperature outside the shed, uncovering two ends of the small arch shed for proper ventilation if the temperature in the shed is too high, and continuously and stably achieving the outdoor temperature of more than 15 ℃, and then dismantling the small arch shed; strengthening daily management (watering and weeding), starting harvesting in the middle ten days of 6 months, before harvesting a first crop, shearing a strong sweet potato vine tip with the length of 30cm and no plant diseases and insect pests as a seedling of a second crop (placing the seedling in a shade place), turning over the harvested planting base in the first ten days of July by using a rotary cultivator, then restarting a single-row ridge, the ridge width is 100cm, the ridge height is 30cm, meanwhile, managing the second crop base (applying potassium sulfate and the mu amount is 30-40kg), then planting the seedling on a new ridge, watering and weeding, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, spraying a vigorous-control agent when the vine grows to 50-70cm, spraying a foliar fertilizer (diluted by 3000 times of monopotassium phosphate and 5000 times) for 3 times, freely growing to maturity, and finally starting harvesting the second crop in the first ten days of November.
The preparation method of the invention adopts a two-crop planting method, the first crop adopts a small shed film covering planting method, normal rooting and growth of sweet potato seedlings in low temperature weather are ensured, the disease and pest free and robust sweet potato vine tips of the first crop are cut as seedlings of the second crop, the sweet potato planting cost is effectively reduced, the yield is high, the quality is excellent, the two-crop planting of sweet potatoes is achieved, the second crop is harvested in ten months, the yield of a certain sweet potato base in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is measured, the red yield of watermelon is 3725 jin per mu, the 28 th yield of Douglas potato is 4579 jin per mu, and the 9 th yield of Longshu is 5136 jin per mu. The yield of the two seasons is integrated, the yield of the watermelons is 5681 jin per mu, the yield of the flag potatoes is 6727 jin per mu at the number of 28, the yield of the dragon potatoes is 7668 jin per mu, and the yield is high and is suitable for popularization.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be used in any combination, provided that there is no structural conflict, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and conservation of resources. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The two-crop cultivation method of sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: land preparation: selecting fertile soil with soft soil and easy irrigation and drainage as a planting field, after ploughing and leveling, starting ridging according to one ridge and two rows, wherein the middle of the ridge is high, the two sides of the ridge are low, the ridge is 25-30cm high, the ridge width is about 150cm, applying a compound fertilizer, and covering a mulching film;
s2: transplanting: cutting healthy 7-10 leaves of seedlings in the middle ten days of March, soaking the lower ends of the seedlings in nutrient solution for 2 minutes, taking out the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings onto ridges, planting 3500 seedlings per mu into two lines, building small arch frames on the ridges, and covering with films;
s3: and (4) management and harvesting: timely managing the base to ensure that the difference between the temperature in the small arched shed and the temperature outside the shed is 5 ℃, if the temperature in the shed is too high, uncovering the two ends for proper ventilation, and dismantling the small arched shed when the outdoor temperature is continuously stable and reaches more than 15 ℃; strengthening daily management (watering and weeding), and starting harvesting in the middle of 6 months;
s4: and (3) secondary cultivation: before harvesting the first crop, shearing a 30 cm-long and healthy sweet potato tip without diseases and insect pests as a second crop of seedlings (placed in a shade place), turning up a single row of ridges by using a rotary cultivator in the last ten days of July on a harvested planting base, then, re-forming the single row of ridges, wherein the ridge width is 100cm, the ridge height is 25-30cm, meanwhile, managing the second crop base (applying potassium sulfate, and the using amount per mu is 30-40kg), and then, flatly planting the seedlings on a new ridge;
s5: secondary base management: watering and weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, spraying vigorous growth control agent when the vines grow to 50-70cm, applying a foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times in the middle for adapting to the seedling condition and growing, and freely growing to maturity;
s6: harvesting in a proper period: harvest of the second crop started in late october.
2. The two-crop cultivation method for the sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound fertilizer in S1 is potassium sulfate (15:15:15), and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 30-40 kg/mu.
3. The two-crop cultivation method for the sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the row spacing of seedlings in the S2 is 30-40cm, and the plant spacing is 10-15 cm.
4. The two-crop cultivation method for the sweet potatoes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the foliar fertilizer in the S5 is a diluent obtained by diluting 3000 times and 5000 times of monopotassium phosphate.
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- 2021-06-09 CN CN202110640737.XA patent/CN113207595A/en active Pending
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CN102523889A (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2012-07-04 | 高义富 | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technique of Zhenba purple-core sweet potato |
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Application publication date: 20210806 |