CN113206392A - Microstrip array antenna with reduced scattering cross section of in-band radar - Google Patents
Microstrip array antenna with reduced scattering cross section of in-band radar Download PDFInfo
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microstrip array antenna with a reduced radar scattering cross section, which comprises an upper medium substrate, a middle medium substrate and a lower medium substrate, wherein the lower medium substrate comprises radiation patch units printed on the upper surface and the lower surface and a metal floor; phase regulating units are printed on the upper surfaces of the middle layer medium substrate and the upper layer medium substrate; the radiation patch units which are periodically arranged are connected through a feed network, and the feed network is connected with the metal floor through a coaxial line; the phase control units with different sizes and symmetrical distribution are arranged according to a chessboard and correspond to the radiation patch units with symmetrical distribution, and reflected waves with the same amplitude of the reflected electric field and 180-degree phase difference are generated, so that the scattering characteristic of the antenna is realized. The antenna has good radiation characteristics, and meanwhile, the scattering cross section of the in-band radar is greatly reduced, namely, the scattering characteristics are improved. The reduction of the in-band radar scattering cross section of the microstrip array antenna can be realized while the good radiation characteristic is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to a microstrip array antenna, and particularly relates to a microstrip array antenna with an internal radar scattering cross section reduced.
Background
The antenna is a tool for receiving and transmitting signals, and is a core part in a signal transmitting and receiving system in the communication field, and the radiation characteristic is a main index for measuring the quality of the antenna. The key to improving the scattering properties is how to reduce the radar cross section, which is the most fundamental parameter in the scattering properties and is a measure of the return power of the target in a given direction under the irradiation of a plane wave.
An antenna is a special type of scatterer whose scattering consists of two parts: one part is a structural mode item scattering field irrelevant to the load condition of the scattering antenna, which is a scattering field when the antenna is connected with a matching load, and the scattering mechanism of the scattering field is the same as that of a common scattering body; the other part is the scattered field of the antenna mode term which is changed along with the load condition of the antenna, and the scattered field is generated by reradiating the power reflected by the antenna due to the mismatching of the load and the antenna, and is the scattered field which is specific to the antenna as a loading scatterer.
The conventional radar cross-section reduction cannot be simply applied to the antenna because the antenna system must ensure normal reception and transmission of its own radio waves due to its own operational characteristics. Therefore, on the premise of keeping the radiation characteristic of the antenna unchanged, the design of the antenna with the low radar cross section has important significance.
Compared with other antennas, the microstrip antenna has the advantages of low profile, low cost, simple manufacturing process and easy carrier conformation.
Qiang Chen in its published article "RCS Reduction of Patch Array Antenna Using an Anisotropic reactive Antenna Array Antenna" (IEEE Antennas and Wireless Transmission Letters,2019) proposes a Patch Array Antenna that utilizes an Anisotropic super surface to reduce the radar scattering cross section. The antenna is characterized in that a layer of resistance super-surface is covered above the patch array antenna to reduce the cross section of the radar. The lower surface of a dielectric substrate with the thickness of 1.016mm is printed with a metal plate, the upper surface is printed with a 2X 2 patch array antenna, and radiation patches are connected through a metal micro-strip feed network and use coaxial feed. Six lumped resistors are arranged in a metal square loop on the resistor super surface, one lumped resistor is arranged on each of the upper frame and the lower frame, and the resistance value is 300 omega; two lumped resistors with the resistance value of 180 omega are respectively arranged on the left frame and the right frame, and a strip type inter-digital resonator is arranged between the two resistors when the strip type inter-digital resonator is incident in the same polarization. Under the in-band homopolarization state, the resistance super surface is equivalent to a transparent antenna housing for the array antenna, and the gain loss of the resistance super material antenna housing is only 0.7 dB. In an out-of-band or cross-polarization state, the array antenna itself serves as the ground of the resistive subsurface to form a wave-absorbing structure with a lower radar scattering cross-section. The structural coating, while having less effect on the radiation performance of the patch array antenna in-band, does not reduce the in-band radar cross section.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a microstrip array antenna with a reduced scattering cross section of an in-band radar, which aims to ensure good radiation characteristics and simultaneously achieve reduction of the scattering cross section of the in-band radar of the microstrip array antenna.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A microstrip array antenna with a reduced scattering cross section of an in-band radar comprises an upper medium substrate, a middle medium substrate and a lower medium substrate, wherein the lower medium substrate comprises radiation patch units printed on the upper surface and the lower surface and a metal floor; phase regulating units are printed on the upper surfaces of the middle layer medium substrate and the upper layer medium substrate;
the radiation patch units which are periodically arranged are connected through a feed network, and the feed network is connected with the metal floor through a coaxial line;
the phase control units with different sizes and symmetrical distribution are arranged according to a chessboard and correspond to the radiation patch units with symmetrical distribution, and reflected waves with the same amplitude of the reflected electric field and 180-degree phase difference are generated, so that the scattering characteristic of the antenna is realized.
The invention further preferably comprises:
preferably, the phase control unit adopts an inner and outer rectangular frame structure, and the geometric centers of the inner and outer rectangular frames correspond to the right angles of the rectangular radiation patches in the radiation patch unit.
Preferably, the number of the phase adjusting units is 4 times that of the rectangular radiation patches.
Preferably, the phase control units with different sizes and symmetrical distribution are symmetrically distributed on the upper surfaces of the middle medium substrate and the upper medium substrate in a diagonal line mode, and the sizes of the inner rectangular frame and the outer rectangular frame on the diagonal line are the same.
Preferably, the rectangular radiation patch unit includes four sets of radiation patch groups distributed symmetrically, each set of radiation patch is provided with four rectangular radiation patches with symmetrical structure and same direction, each rectangular radiation patch etches a rectangular opening, a feed network is formed by microstrip line connection, and the feed network is connected with the coaxial line by coaxial microstrip line connection.
Preferably, adjacent rectangular radiation patches in the same group are connected through microstrip lines, two microstrip vertical folding lines are connected on the microstrip lines between the upper rectangular radiation patches and the lower rectangular radiation patches in the same group, and the bending length of the upper microstrip vertical folding line is greater than that of the lower microstrip vertical folding line.
Preferably, the radiating patches are connected by a microstrip horizontal meander line, which is then connected to the coaxial microstrip connection line.
Preferably, the microstrip horizontal folding lines of the two sets of diagonally distributed radiation patches are connected with a microstrip horizontal folding line, the microstrip horizontal folding line is arranged close to the coaxial microstrip connecting line, and the folding width and length of the microstrip horizontal folding line are smaller than those of the microstrip horizontal folding line.
Preferably, the rectangular radiation patches in the rectangular radiation patch units arranged periodically are distributed at equal intervals.
Preferably, each group of radiating patches of the rectangular radiating patch unit adopts an equal-power unequal-phase structure.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the sizes of the inner and outer rectangular frames of the phase control unit and the corresponding positions of the geometric centers of the inner and outer rectangular frames and the right angle of each rectangular radiation patch in the radiation patch unit are adjusted, so that the resonance frequency and the radiation pattern of the radiation patches can not be changed, and the array antenna is ensured to have good radiation performance.
2. Due to the chessboard distribution of the phase control units with different sizes, when electromagnetic waves are vertically irradiated, the radiation patch can generate reflected waves with the same reflected electric field amplitude and 180-degree phase difference, the array antenna can be ensured to have good scattering characteristics at the resonant frequency, the problem that the radiation performance of the antenna is greatly influenced when the reduction of the scattering cross section of the in-band radar is realized in the prior art is solved, and the radiation scattering integrated design is effectively realized.
3. The structural directions of all groups of radiation patches of the rectangular radiation patch units and the microstrip line connection form a feed network design, so that the working resonant frequency point of the microstrip array antenna can be 10GHz, and meanwhile, different phase compensation is carried out on the radiation patches to reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the antenna.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip patch antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a phase adjustment unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of phase modulating unit checkerboard arrangement according to the present invention;
FIGS. 5(a), (b) are the radiation patterns of the present invention;
FIGS. 6(a) and (b) are cross-sectional views of the single-station radar of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a lower dielectric substrate; 2. a middle layer dielectric substrate; 3. an upper dielectric substrate; 4. a phase control unit; 5. a radiation patch unit; 6. a metal floor; 7. a feed network; 8. a coaxial line; 9. a microstrip horizontal fold line; 10. a microstrip horizontal bend line; 11. a lower microstrip vertical folding line; 12. an upper microstrip vertical folding line; 13. a microstrip line; 14. and (5) connecting a coaxial microstrip line.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention without limiting the invention thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the microstrip array antenna with a reduced scattering cross section of an in-band radar provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a lower dielectric substrate 1, a middle dielectric substrate 2, an upper dielectric substrate 3, a phase adjustment unit 4, and a radiation patch unit 5; the lower surface of the lower medium substrate 1 is printed with a metal floor 6, and the upper surface is printed with periodically arranged radiation patches 5; the radiation patches 5 are connected through a feed network 7; the feed network is connected with the metal floor 6 through a coaxial line 8; the upper surface of the middle layer medium substrate 2 is printed with a phase control unit 4, and the upper surface of the upper layer medium substrate 3 is printed with the phase control unit 4.
According to the microstrip array antenna with the internal radar scattering cross section reduced, the phase control units 4 which are symmetrically distributed in different sizes are arranged according to a chessboard, the phase control units adopt an internal and external rectangular frame structure and correspond to the radiation patch units 5 which are symmetrically distributed, and the phase control units 4 adopt a structure that the geometric center of the internal and external rectangular frame structure is overlapped with the right angle of the radiation patch units 5. The number of the phase control units is 4 times that of the rectangular radiation patches.
In one embodiment the dimensions of the dielectric substrate 1 are 60mm x 1mm with a relative dielectric constant of 2.1, which is provided with 1 through hole for the passage of the coaxial line 8. The dielectric substrates 2 and 3 have the same size as the dielectric substrate 1. The distance between the dielectric substrate 1 and the dielectric substrate 2 is 6mm, and the distance between the dielectric substrate 2 and the dielectric substrate 3 is 4.2 mm.
Referring to fig. 2, the arrangement of the microstrip array antenna on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention is further described.
The rectangular radiation patch unit 5 comprises four groups of radiation patch groups which are symmetrically distributed, each group of radiation patches is provided with four rectangular radiation patches which are symmetrical in structure and same in direction, each group of radiation patches are connected through a microstrip line 13 to form a feed network 7, and the feed network 7 is connected with a coaxial line 8 through a coaxial microstrip connecting line 14. The rectangular radiation patch is a rectangular metal patch, the long edge of the rectangular metal patch is parallel to the Y axis, the wide edge of the rectangular metal patch is parallel to the X axis, the size of the long edge is 8.5mm, the size of the short edge of the rectangular metal patch is 6.7mm, a rectangular opening is structurally etched, the opening direction is the positive direction of the X axis, the size of the long edge of the opening is 1.8mm, and the size of the short edge of the opening is 1.6 mm. Connected to the opening of the rectangular radiating patch by a microstrip line 13. The microstrip array antenna adopts 16 rectangular radiation patches which are distributed at equal intervals. The arrangement mode is equidistant central symmetry, and the interval is 15 mm. The feed network 7 realizes different feeds by adjusting the lengths of the branches of each part. The adjacent rectangular radiation patches in the same group are connected through a microstrip line 13, two microstrip vertical folding lines are connected on the microstrip line 13 between the upper rectangular radiation patch and the lower rectangular radiation patch in the same group, and the bending length of the upper microstrip vertical folding line 12 is greater than that of the lower microstrip vertical folding line 11; the radiation patches are connected by a microstrip horizontal bend line 10, and the microstrip horizontal bend line 10 is connected to a coaxial microstrip connecting line 14. The microstrip horizontal folding lines 10 of the two groups of the radiation patches distributed diagonally are connected with a microstrip horizontal folding line 9, the microstrip horizontal folding line 9 is arranged next to the coaxial microstrip connecting line 14, and the folding width and the folding length of the microstrip horizontal folding line 9 are smaller than those of the microstrip horizontal folding line 10.
The coaxial line 8 is welded with the feed network 7 through a through hole of the dielectric substrate 1. The feed network 7 realizes equal phase equal power feed through the radiation patch connected by the common microstrip folded part 10, the microstrip folded part 11 and the microstrip folded part 12. Unequal phase equipower feeding is realized by adding the radiating patches connected with the microstrip folded parts 9.
Referring to fig. 3, the phase adjusting unit 4 on the dielectric substrate 2 and the dielectric substrate 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be further described.
The phase control unit 4 is composed of an inner rectangular frame and an outer rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame is square in this embodiment. The outer rectangular frame is fixed to be 7.5mm in size and 0.1mm in width. The size of the inner rectangular frame can affect the high transmission of the phase regulation unit, the size of the adopted inner rectangular frame is 4.1mm and 4.9mm, and the width is 0.1mm in combination with the requirement of scattering performance on the phase.
The checkerboard arrangement of the phase modulating unit 4 of the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 4.
Four phase regulating units with the size of 4.1mm of the inner rectangular frames are divided into four groups, the inner rectangular frames of each group are distributed from the center positions of the medium substrates 2 and 3 according to the X-axis negative direction, and the four groups of inner rectangular frames are distributed along the Y-axis positive direction; the four phase regulating units with the inner rectangular frames of 4.9mm are divided into a group of four groups, the inner rectangular frames of each group are distributed along the positive direction of the X axis from the central positions of the medium substrates 2 and 3, and the inner rectangular frames of the four groups are distributed along the positive direction of the Y axis; all the inner rectangular frames form a chessboard structure after being centrosymmetric. The inner and outer rectangular frames are arranged on the dielectric substrate according to the rule of 8 multiplied by 8. The geometric centers of the inner and outer rectangular frames correspond to the right angle of the radiation patch 6. The inner and outer rectangular frames on the diagonal are the same in size, and the adjacent phase adjusting units 4 are different in size.
According to the array antenna with the reduced radar cross section, the phase regulation and control unit is adopted to regulate and control electromagnetic waves, and when the phase regulation and control unit has high transmittance, the array antenna can have good radiation performance through the regulation of the feed network; in order to ensure that the amplitudes of the reflected electric fields of the array antenna are equal and the phase difference is 180 degrees, two phase regulating units with different sizes are selected for chessboard arrangement, and the radiation scattering integrated design of the array antenna is realized.
The technical effects of the invention can be further illustrated by simulation experiments:
1. simulation content:
1.1 the radiation pattern of the invention at 10GHZ is simulated and calculated by commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0, and the result is shown in fig. 5.
1.2 the cross section of the single-station radar of the invention is simulated and calculated by commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0, and the result is shown in FIG. 6, which is a cross section diagram of the single-station radar of the array antenna in XOZ and YOZ planes.
3. And (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 5(a) and (b), fig. 5(a) shows a radiation pattern of the reference microstrip array antenna at 10GHz, and fig. 5(b) shows a radiation pattern of the present invention at 10 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, the gain of the microstrip array antenna with the in-band low radar scattering cross section is reduced by 0.9dBi compared with that of the reference microstrip array antenna.
Referring to fig. 6(a) and (b), fig. 6(a) is a cross-sectional comparison diagram of the inventive antenna for a single-station radar with XOZ and YOZ planes within 9.5-10.5GHz, and fig. 6(b) is a cross-sectional reduction of the inventive antenna for a radar with XOZ and YOZ planes. It can be seen from the figure that the maximum reduction of the radar cross section of the antenna of the present invention in the XOZ plane reaches 19dB at 10GHz, with good in-band radar cross section reduction.
The simulation results show that the invention has good radiation characteristics, and simultaneously greatly reduces the scattering cross section of the in-band radar, namely improves the scattering characteristics.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts according to the disclosed technical contents, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The microstrip array antenna with the reduced scattering cross section of the in-band radar is characterized by comprising an upper medium substrate, a middle medium substrate and a lower medium substrate, wherein the lower medium substrate (1) comprises a radiation patch unit (5) and a metal floor (6), which are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface; phase regulating units (4) are printed on the upper surfaces of the middle-layer medium substrate (2) and the upper-layer medium substrate (3);
the radiation patch units (5) which are arranged periodically are connected through a feed network (7), and the feed network (7) is connected with a metal floor (6) through a coaxial line (8);
the phase regulating units (4) which are symmetrically distributed in different sizes are arranged according to a chessboard and correspond to the radiation patch units (5) which are symmetrically distributed, and reflected waves with the same reflected electric field amplitude and 180-degree phase difference are generated, so that the scattering characteristic of the antenna is realized.
2. The microstrip array antenna with reduced inner radar scattering cross section according to claim 1, wherein the phase adjusting unit (4) is of an inner and outer rectangular frame structure, and the geometric center of the inner and outer rectangular frame corresponds to the right angle of each rectangular radiation patch in the radiation patch unit (5).
3. The microstrip array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of phase adjusting units (4) is 4 times the number of rectangular radiating patches.
4. The microstrip array antenna with reduced scattering cross section of in-band radar according to claim 1, wherein the phase adjusting units (4) with different sizes and symmetrical distribution are symmetrically distributed on the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate (2) and the upper dielectric substrate (3) in the diagonal direction, and the size of the inner rectangular frame and the size of the outer rectangular frame on the diagonal direction are the same.
5. The microstrip array antenna with reduced scattering cross section of the in-band radar according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular radiation patch unit (5) comprises four sets of symmetrically distributed radiation patches, each set of radiation patches is provided with four rectangular radiation patches with symmetrical structure and same direction, each rectangular radiation patch is etched with a rectangular opening, the rectangular radiation patches are connected through a microstrip line (13) to form a feed network (7), and the feed network (7) is connected with a coaxial line (8) through a coaxial microstrip connecting line (14).
6. The microstrip array antenna with the reduced scattering cross section of the in-band radar according to claim 5, wherein adjacent rectangular radiation patches of the same group are connected through a microstrip line (13), two microstrip vertical folding lines are connected on the microstrip line (13) between the upper rectangular radiation patch and the lower rectangular radiation patch of the same group, and the bending length of the upper microstrip vertical folding line (12) is greater than that of the lower microstrip vertical folding line (11).
7. The microstrip array antenna with reduced scattering cross-section for in-band radar according to claim 5, wherein the sets of radiating patches are connected by a microstrip horizontal meander line (10), the microstrip horizontal meander line (10) being further connected to a coaxial microstrip line (14).
8. The microstrip array antenna with reduced scattering cross section of the in-band radar according to claim 7, wherein one microstrip horizontal folding line (9) is connected to the microstrip horizontal meander line (10) of the two sets of diagonally distributed radiating patches, the microstrip horizontal folding line (9) is disposed next to the coaxial microstrip connection line (14), and the microstrip horizontal folding line (9) has a smaller folding width and length than the microstrip horizontal meander line (10).
9. The microstrip array antenna according to claim 5, wherein said periodically arranged rectangular radiating patch elements (5) have rectangular radiating patches equally spaced.
10. The microstrip array antenna with reduced in-band radar scattering cross-section according to claim 5, characterized in that the groups of radiating patches of the rectangular radiating patch unit (5) adopt an equipower unequal phase structure.
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CN113922101A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-11 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wide-angle RCS (radar cross section) shrinkage reduction super surface based on radar wave absorption and scattering cancellation technology |
CN115425421A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-12-02 | 电子科技大学 | Low RCS array antenna based on lossy electromagnetic super surface |
WO2024050703A1 (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-03-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and communication device |
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