CN111262039A - Broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing unit based on resistive film and wave-absorbing material - Google Patents
Broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing unit based on resistive film and wave-absorbing material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111262039A CN111262039A CN202010088798.5A CN202010088798A CN111262039A CN 111262039 A CN111262039 A CN 111262039A CN 202010088798 A CN202010088798 A CN 202010088798A CN 111262039 A CN111262039 A CN 111262039A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing unit based on a resistive film and a wave-absorbing material. When electromagnetic waves irradiate the metamaterial wave-absorbing unit, the metamaterial wave-absorbing unit can be effectively absorbed and consumed, and broadband wave-absorbing characteristics are realized. The wave absorbing array is formed by periodically arranging the metamaterial wave absorbing units and is combined with the microstrip patch antenna, the RCS of the antenna can be reduced on the premise of not changing the radiation performance of the microstrip patch antenna, and therefore the purpose of antenna invisibility is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metamaterial wave absorbers, in particular to a broadband metamaterial wave absorbing unit and a wave absorbing material based on a resistive film.
Background
The electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber is a composite structure consisting of an electromagnetic metamaterial and a dielectric substrate, and can effectively absorb incident electromagnetic waves and achieve a perfect wave absorbing effect.
The metamaterial wave absorber receives great attention in research in recent years, is a novel wave absorbing material, and has good application prospect in the technical field of military and civil electromagnetic stealth. The wave-absorbing material generally comprises a wave-absorbing array formed by periodic wave-absorbing units, and the wave-absorbing units effectively adjust the equivalent dielectric constant and the equivalent magnetic conductivity by designing a sub-wavelength microstructure, so that the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing units is matched with the free space impedance, and the perfect wave-absorbing effect is realized. However, due to the influence of resonance characteristics, the absorption bandwidth of the metamaterial wave absorber is relatively narrow, and cannot meet the requirement of broadband wave absorption, so that the application of the metamaterial wave absorber in stealth is hindered. At present, the main ways of expanding the bandwidth of the wave absorber are as follows: connecting a plurality of resonance peaks together by adopting a multilayer stacking structure; loading the lumped element to store and consume the incident electromagnetic wave; the multi-unit structures in the same plane are periodically arranged to realize the perfect wave absorption of multiple frequency bands.
The radar scattering cross section is a physical quantity for representing the strength of an echo generated by a target under the irradiation of radar waves, and is an important index for measuring the quality of the stealth performance of the target. In the electromagnetic stealth technology, reducing the radar scattering cross section has been highly valued by researchers at home and abroad. In order to realize low detectability of the target, the requirement of the system on the stealth performance of the antenna is higher and higher, and the RCS for shortening the antenna has a plurality of application prospects.
In the prior art, the absorption bandwidth of the metamaterial wave absorber is narrow, and the bandwidth is widened, so that the thickness of the wave absorber is thicker, and the metamaterial wave absorber is not suitable for being applied to stealth of armed equipment and the like; secondly, the loading lumped element has complex processing and high cost, and is not beneficial to large-scale application. If the resistance film mode is adopted, the thickness of the wave absorber is reduced, the complex process of loading lumped elements is avoided, meanwhile, the incident electromagnetic waves can be effectively absorbed and attenuated, and the broadband wave absorbing characteristic is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing unit based on a resistive film and a wave-absorbing material, which are used for reducing RCS of an antenna and realizing low detectability, thereby achieving the effect of antenna stealth.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing unit based on a resistive film comprises the resistive film, a dielectric plate and lower surface metal; the dielectric plate is a square dielectric plate with a certain thickness, the upper surface of the dielectric plate is provided with a resistive film, the center of the resistive film and the center of the dielectric plate are positioned on the same vertical line, the resistive film is a square resistive film, two symmetrical edges of the resistive film are provided with semicircles with the diameter of d, and a connecting line of the circle centers of the two semicircles is parallel to a certain diagonal line of the square dielectric plate; and the lower surface of the dielectric plate is provided with lower surface metal with the same size as the dielectric plate.
The wave-absorbing material is formed by arranging the broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing units on the basis of the resistive films at equal intervals in a periodic mode to form a wave-absorbing array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the wave absorbing unit adopts a resistive film design, the unit structure is simple, and the section is low; 2) the wave-absorbing unit has broadband wave-absorbing characteristics, for example, when the thickness of the dielectric plate is 2.3mm and the relative dielectric constant is 4.4, the wave-absorbing rate is more than 0.9, the bandwidth is 8.2GHz (the central frequency is 15GHz), the relative absorption bandwidth is 54.7%, and the wave-absorbing effect covers the whole Ku waveband; 3) the wave-absorbing unit has polarization insensitivity, and the TE wave-absorbing characteristic and the TM wave-absorbing characteristic are completely matched in a frequency band of 11 GHz-19 GHz (the central frequency is 15 GHz); 4) the wave absorbing unit has stable low-incidence-angle wave absorbing property, and can maintain stable wave absorbing effect in the working frequency band range when the incidence angle of electromagnetic waves is less than 30 degrees; 5) the wave absorber is applied to RCS of the reduction antenna, and the wave absorber is combined with the antenna, so that the RCS of the antenna can be greatly reduced while the radiation performance of the antenna is not influenced, and the stealth effect of the antenna is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave-absorbing unit of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the wave absorbing unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent impedance diagram.
FIG. 4 shows the variation of the wave absorption rate with frequency.
Fig. 5 is the current distribution on the top surface of the wave-absorbing unit.
Fig. 6 shows the current distribution on the bottom layer surface of the wave-absorbing unit.
Fig. 7 shows the wave absorption rates corresponding to different diameters d.
Fig. 8 shows the wave absorption rate corresponding to different resistance values of the resistive film.
Fig. 9 shows the wave absorption rate for different incident angles.
Fig. 10 is a structural diagram of the wave-absorbing material.
Fig. 11 is a reflection coefficient curve.
Fig. 12 is a graph of gain versus frequency.
Fig. 13 is the radiation pattern (E-plane) of the antenna at 15 GHz.
Fig. 14 shows the radiation pattern (H-plane) of the antenna at 15 GHz.
FIG. 15 is a comparison of RCS before and after loading with wave-absorbing material (single station RCS at 15 GHz).
Figure 16 is a comparison of the RCS before and after loading with a wave-absorbing material (single station RCS versus frequency).
In the figure: a dielectric sheet 1; a resistive film 2; the lower surface metal 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Wave absorbing unit
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the wave absorbing unit is composed of a resistive film 2, a dielectric plate 1 and a lower surface metal 3. The medium plate 1 is a square medium plate 1 with a certain thickness, the upper surface of the medium plate 1 is provided with a resistive film 2, the center of the resistive film 2 and the center of the medium plate 1 are positioned on the same vertical line, the resistive film 2 is a square resistive film 2, two symmetrical sides of the resistive film 2 are provided with semicircles with the diameter of d, and the line connecting the centers of the two semicircles is parallel to a certain diagonal line of the square medium plate 1; the lower surface of the dielectric plate 1 is provided with a lower surface metal 3 with the same size as the dielectric plate 1, and the lower surface metal 3 is used as a reflecting surface of the wave absorbing unit.
The pattern layer of the wave-absorbing unit adopts the resistive film 2, and firstly, the resistive film 2 has conductivity, and the distribution of an electromagnetic field can be controlled by adjusting the shape of the pattern; secondly, the resistance value of the resistance film 2 can be adjusted to obtain higher ohmic loss, so that electromagnetic waves are effectively attenuated, and the broadband wave-absorbing performance is achieved. The equivalent impedance is calculated by the S parameter of the wave absorbing unit as shown in figure 3, and it can be seen that the real part of the equivalent impedance is close to 1 and the imaginary part is near 0, which shows that the wave absorbing unit has good impedance matching characteristics. As can be seen from the graph of the change of the wave-absorbing rate with the frequency in fig. 4, the wave-absorbing rate of TE and TM waves of the wave-absorbing unit is over 90% in the frequency range of 11-19 GHz (the central frequency is 15GHz), and the wave-absorbing bandwidth reaches 8.2GHz (the central frequency is 15GHz), so that the wave-absorbing unit has the broadband wave-absorbing characteristic. In addition, as TE and TM wave curves are superposed, the wave absorbing unit has polarization insensitivity.
The surface current distribution of the wave-absorbing unit is shown in fig. 5 and 6. It can be seen that the top and bottom surface currents are anti-parallel, where strong magnetic resonances can be induced. The coupling of the top resistive film 2 pattern layer, the intermediate dielectric layer and the underlying metal floor may cause strong electrical resonances. Therefore, by reasonably designing the geometric shape and the size of the wave-absorbing unit structure, the electric resonance and the magnetic resonance can be overlapped in the same frequency band to cause strong electromagnetic resonance, thereby effectively absorbing incident electromagnetic waves and realizing the broadband wave-absorbing characteristic.
From the above analysis, the wave absorption rate of the wave absorber is related to the size structure of the pattern layer of the resistive film pattern 2 and the resistance of the resistive film pattern 2. In the invention, the semicircular diameter d of the wave-absorbing unit structure has a significant influence on the wave-absorbing rate of the wave-absorbing unit, as shown in fig. 7, the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the wave absorber is gradually reduced and the absorption peak value is also gradually reduced with the increase of the diameter d. The frequency point corresponding to the absorption peak value gradually shifts to the right along with the increase of the diameter d. The resistance value of the resistive film 2 also has obvious influence on the wave absorption effect, the square resistance value of the resistive film 2 has influence on the wave absorption rate as shown in fig. 8, and as can be seen from fig. 8, the influence of different square resistance values on the wave absorption rate is large, the wave absorption rate is gradually reduced along with the increase of the square resistance value, which shows that the square resistance value of the resistive film 2 plays a role in determining the wave absorption performance of the wave absorber, the loss of electromagnetic energy is mainly caused by circuit resonance, and the loss of the medium plate can be ignored.
The incident angle of the wave absorber is analyzed, as shown in fig. 9, it can be seen from the figure that in the process of changing the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave from 0 ° to 30 °, in the frequency range of 11-19 GHz (the central frequency is 15GHz), the absorption rate is all above 90% and does not change much, so that under the condition that the incident angle is less than 30 °, the wave absorber can maintain a good wave absorbing effect in the working frequency band, and has the wave absorbing stability at a low incident angle.
Second, application of wave-absorbing material in antenna
The wave-absorbing units are arranged at equal intervals and periodically to form a wave-absorbing array, namely the wave-absorbing material, and the structure is shown in figure 10. A micro-strip patch antenna working at 15GHz is placed right above the wave-absorbing material by 10mm, and the RCS of the antenna can be reduced. The numerical simulation results are shown in fig. 11-16, and fig. 11 is a reflection coefficient curve of the antenna, which shows that the S parameter of the original antenna is almost completely overlapped with the S parameter loaded with the wave-absorbing material, which indicates that the loaded wave-absorbing material has almost no influence on the resonant frequency of the antenna. Fig. 12 shows that the gain of the antenna loaded with the wave-absorbing material is slightly reduced with the change of the operating frequency band of the antenna along with the change of the frequency, but the reduction amplitude is small and is within the acceptable range. Fig. 13 and 14 show the radiation patterns of the front and rear antennas loaded with the wave-absorbing material at the center frequency of 15GHz, respectively, and the radiation patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane are almost overlapped. Therefore, the radiation performance of the antenna is hardly influenced by loading the wave-absorbing material. Figures 15 and 16 are single station RCS diagrams before and after loading with a wave-absorbing material. In the working frequency range of 12-18GHz, RCS is reduced, wherein the maximum reduction amount is 11dB at the resonance frequency of 15GHz, so that the RCS of the antenna can be reduced without influencing the working performance of the antenna by combining the wave-absorbing material with the microstrip patch antenna.
Claims (2)
1. A broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing unit based on a resistive film is characterized by comprising a resistive film (2), a dielectric plate (1) and lower surface metal (3); the medium plate (1) is a square medium plate (1) with a certain thickness, the upper surface of the medium plate (1) is provided with a resistance film (2), the center of the resistance film (2) and the center of the medium plate (1) are positioned on the same vertical line, the resistance film (2) is a square resistance film (2), two symmetrical edges of the resistance film (2) are provided with semicircles with the diameter of d, and the connection line of the circle centers of the two semicircles is parallel to a certain diagonal line of the square medium plate (1); and the lower surface of the dielectric plate (1) is provided with lower surface metal (3) with the same size as the dielectric plate (1).
2. The wave-absorbing material made of the broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing units based on the resistive film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wave-absorbing material is formed by arranging the broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing units based on the resistive film at equal intervals in a periodic manner to form a wave-absorbing array.
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| CN202010088798.5A CN111262039A (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Broadband metamaterial wave-absorbing unit based on resistive film and wave-absorbing material |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114336070A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆邮电大学 | Miniature broadband metamaterial wave absorber |
| CN115260988A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Composite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
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| US6225939B1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2001-05-01 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Impedance sheet device |
| CN102718576A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Radar wave absorbing ceramic with capacitive cycle structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN109862769A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-06-07 | 深圳市佳晨科技有限公司 | A kind of absorbing material and preparation method thereof of ultra-thin ultra-wide spectrum |
| CN110416742A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-05 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | A kind of design of frivolous broadband absorbing Meta Materials |
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2020
- 2020-02-12 CN CN202010088798.5A patent/CN111262039A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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| US6225939B1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2001-05-01 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Impedance sheet device |
| CN102718576A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Radar wave absorbing ceramic with capacitive cycle structure and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114336070A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆邮电大学 | Miniature broadband metamaterial wave absorber |
| CN115260988A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Composite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200609 |