CN113690636A - Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on super surface - Google Patents
Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on super surface Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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Abstract
The invention provides a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on a super surface, which comprises a radiation structure and a feed structure positioned below the radiation structure, wherein the radiation structure comprises 4 super surface antenna sub-arrays and a plurality of n-shaped structures. Each super-surface antenna sub-array comprises 1 multiplied by 4 super-surface antenna array elements, each super-surface antenna array element comprises a plurality of non-periodic patch units, the non-periodic patch units are used for controlling aperture field distribution, the beam width of the array elements is widened, and accordingly the scanning performance of the array is improved. The n-shaped structure is arranged between adjacent super-surface antenna sub-arrays, the non-uniform aperture field of the array surface is realized, the array element beam width along the scanning surface direction is further widened, and the wider scanning range is realized. The feed structure is a substrate integrated waveguide power divider with one-to-two and two-to-four functions and is used for feeding each super-surface antenna array element. The invention can realize wide-angle scanning of the millimeter wave phased array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a super surface.
Background
In recent years, millimeter wave technology increasingly shows great application value in the fields of military, civil use, industry and the like, and has become an important direction for the development of wireless technology. In order to overcome the problems of ultrahigh path loss, multipath fading and the like of a millimeter wave frequency band, a phased array antenna and a large-scale MIMO array antenna become key technologies of millimeter wave wireless communication. The phased array can change the beam direction of the array antenna or form a specific beam shape according to requirements, and the phased array has important values for millimeter wave communication, radar, imaging, detection and other systems. In the existing research of millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased arrays, the problems of serious gain reduction during large-angle scanning and narrow wide-angle scanning bandwidth generally exist.
Ji et al, Reconfigurable Phase-Antenna Using Integrated waveguiding Phase Shifter in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.67, No.11, pp.6894-6908, Nov.2019, propose a Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna comprising a Continuously Tunable SIW Phase Shifter. By adopting a multi-resonant hole coupling scheme, the antenna unit achieves broadband characteristics and ideal radiation performance. The SIW phase shifter is designed as a structure that is easily integrated with the antenna and can provide a large phase variation range. Finally, after the antenna units form a 1 × 4 array, the achievable impedance bandwidth is 16.1%, the maximum beam scanning angle can reach +/-45 degrees, the SLL is lower than-12 dB, and the gain reaches 11 dBi. When the scan angle is maximum, the gain scan drops by 4dB compared to the antenna gain maximum radiation direction. Although the phase shifter in the reconfigurable phased array antenna has good performance, the scanning angle of the array antenna is too small, and the gain is seriously reduced during large-angle scanning, so that the scanning requirement of a wider angle cannot be met.
A4 multiplied by 4 Wide-Angle Scanning phased-array Antenna designed for a millimeter wave frequency band is provided by Z.Yi and the like in A Wide-Angle Beam Scanning Antenna in E-plane for K-band Radar Sensor, "in IEEE Access, vol.7, pp.171684-171690,2019, the Antenna unit utilizes a magnetic dipole principle, and metallized through holes are used on three side walls of a patch to form an equivalent cavity as a magnetic dipole, so that the unit radiation performance of 3dB Beam width up to 140 degrees can be realized. Finally, the 4 × 4 magnetic dipole array antenna realizes the scanning characteristic that the scanning angle reaches ± 60 ° when the gain is reduced by 3 dB. Although the scanning angle of the array is wide, the working bandwidth is narrow, the relative bandwidth is only 5.5% and is not more than 10%, and the broadband application of the millimeter wave frequency band cannot be met.
In summary, in the existing scheme, when the scanning angle of the conventional phased array antenna approaches the end-fire direction, the problems of rapid decrease of the scanning gain, sudden increase of the side lobe level, and the like of the array occur, which all cause the decrease of the scanning performance of the array, and cannot satisfy the wide-angle scanning application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the wave beam scanning range of the existing millimeter wave phased array antenna is limited, and most of the existing millimeter wave phased array antennas cannot realize wide-angle scanning under the condition of broadband, and provides a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a super surface to realize wide-angle scanning of a millimeter wave phased array.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the super surface comprises a radiation structure and a feed structure positioned below the radiation structure,
the radiation structure comprises 4 super-surface antenna sub-arrays and a plurality of n-shaped structures. Each super-surface antenna sub-array comprises 1 x 4 super-surface antenna array elements, each super-surface antenna array element comprises a plurality of non-periodic patch units, the non-periodic patch units are used for controlling aperture field distribution, the beam width of the array elements is widened, and accordingly scanning performance of the array is improved. The n-shaped structure is arranged between adjacent super-surface antenna sub-arrays, the non-uniform aperture field of the array surface is realized, the array element beam width along the scanning surface direction is further widened, and the wider scanning range is realized.
The feed structure is used for feeding each super-surface antenna array element and comprises a substrate integrated waveguide and a coupling slot.
Furthermore, the height of each n-shaped structure is lower than the super-surface antenna array element.
Further, the position and the size of the n-shaped structure are changed to realize the non-uniform aperture field of the array scanning surface.
Furthermore, the number of the super-surface antenna subarrays is 4, and the number of the n-shaped structures is 6.
Furthermore, each super-surface antenna sub-array comprises 4 super-surface antenna array elements.
Further, each super-surface antenna array element comprises non-periodic patch units arranged in a 3 × 5 array, that is, the sizes of the patch units in each column are different.
Furthermore, the feed structure of each super-surface antenna subarray from bottom to top comprises a first metal layer, a first LTCC substrate, a second metal layer, a second LTCC substrate, a third metal layer, a third LTCC substrate and a fourth metal layer, a substrate integrated waveguide switching ground coplanar waveguide feeder is arranged on the first metal layer, a first substrate integrated waveguide is arranged on the first LTCC substrate, a first coupling gap is formed in the second metal layer, a second substrate integrated waveguide is arranged on the second LTCC substrate, a second coupling gap is formed in the third metal layer, a third substrate integrated waveguide is arranged on the third LTCC substrate, and a third coupling gap equal to the number of super-surface antenna array elements in the super-surface antenna subarray is formed in the fourth metal layer.
Further, tuning pins are arranged on the first substrate integrated waveguide, the second substrate integrated waveguide and the third substrate integrated waveguide.
Further, the first coupling gap, the second coupling gap and the third coupling gap are all H-shaped gaps. Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a non-periodic super-surface antenna array element which can be used for controlling aperture field distribution of a scanning surface (E surface) and a non-scanning surface (H surface) of an antenna. The wide beam of the antenna unit is realized by using the non-uniform aperture field, and then the power is fed through the SIW power divider which divides two into two and divides four into two, so that high gain is realized.
2. The scanning angle is wide. The invention provides an n-shaped structure, which realizes the non-uniform aperture field of an array surface, further widens the array element beam width along the scanning surface direction, and obviously improves the scanning performance of the array. The antenna provided by the invention can realize the scanning performance in the whole working bandwidth, the gain is reduced by 3dB, the scanning angle is +/-55 degrees (the maximum scanning angle can reach +/-60 degrees), and the antenna has the advantage of wide-angle scanning.
3. The broadband is miniaturized. By adopting a super-surface structure and a feeding mode of a one-to-two and four-to-two SIW power divider, the broadband power divider realizes 20% of bandwidth under an LTCC substrate with a dielectric constant of 5.9 and a small-size structure, and has the advantage of broadband miniaturization.
4. The normal gain of the antenna is more than 15dBi, and the 10dB impedance bandwidth can cover a frequency band of 24.25-29.5GHz (20%), and corresponds to a millimeter wave 5G frequency band. Wide-angle scanning of +/-55 degrees with gain reduction of 3dB is realized in the whole frequency band, and the maximum scanning angle is +/-60 degrees.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a super surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a 1 × 4 super-surface antenna sub-array structure in a super-surface based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom view of a 1 × 4 super-surface antenna sub-array structure in a super-surface based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a 1 × 4 super-surface antenna sub-array structure in a super-surface based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the reflection coefficient and the frequency of the super-surface antenna element according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the actual gain and the frequency of the super-surface antenna element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is the E/H plane directional diagram of the super-surface antenna element at the frequency of 29.5GHz according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the antenna efficiency and the frequency of the super-surface antenna element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a top view of a super-surface based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a side view of a super-surface based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a reflection coefficient and a frequency in a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a super-surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the actual gain and the frequency in the millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the super surface according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between antenna efficiency and frequency in a millimeter-wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a super-surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the scanning performance of the array when the array operates at a frequency of 29.5GHz in the millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the super-surface according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to achieve full-space coverage, a phased array scanning antenna is required, the beam scanning range of the existing millimeter wave phased array antenna is limited, and most of the existing millimeter wave phased array antennas cannot achieve wide-angle scanning under the condition of broadband. In order to meet the millimeter wave broadband application, the radiation structure of the antenna adopts a super-surface structure, because the super-surface antenna has wider bandwidth and higher design freedom compared with the common patch antenna. In addition, the package antenna scheme is the most important implementation form of the millimeter wave antenna in the future, because the millimeter wave system integration level can be effectively improved, the system interconnection loss is reduced, and the performance of the millimeter wave antenna is ensured. Therefore, the invention is mainly realized by adopting a packaging antenna process.
The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the super surface comprises a radiation structure and a feed structure positioned below the radiation structure, wherein the radiation structure comprises 4 super surface antenna sub-arrays and a plurality of n-shaped structures 19. Each super-surface antenna sub-array comprises 1 x 4 super-surface antenna array elements 2, and each super-surface antenna array element 2 comprises a plurality of non-periodic patch units for controlling aperture field distribution and widening the beam width of the array element, thereby being beneficial to improving the scanning performance of the array. A "Π -shaped structure 19 is provided between adjacent super-surface antenna sub-arrays. The feed structure is used for feeding each super-surface antenna array element and comprises a substrate integrated waveguide and a coupling slot.
In one embodiment of the invention, the novel millimeter wave 4 × 4 wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the super surface is provided, the number of the super surface antenna subarrays is 4, the number of the n-shaped structures is 6, 4 super surface antenna array elements are arranged in each super surface antenna subarray, and each super surface antenna array element comprises non-periodic patch units which are arranged in a 3 × 5 array. For convenience of explanation, the number in the following embodiments is the same as that in the present embodiment, but it is understood that in other embodiments, other numbers may be set as necessary.
As shown in fig. 1, the radiation structure of the antenna in one embodiment of the present invention includes 4 super-surface antenna sub-arrays, each of which includes 4 super-surface antenna elements, and each of the super-surface antenna elements is composed of 3 × 5 patch elements. The size of the patch unit is non-periodic, namely the size of the patches at two sides is different from the size of the patches in the middle column, and the patch unit can be used for controlling aperture field distribution of a scanning plane (E plane) and a non-scanning plane (H plane) of the antenna. The more uniform the aperture field distribution, the higher the gain of the antenna and the narrower the beam width, while the non-uniform aperture field can be used to realize a wide beam for the antenna. Therefore, in order to realize a wide beam performance of the scanning plane, the size of the 3 × 5 patch unit on the scanning plane is set to be non-periodic.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the overall antenna structure is shown in fig. 1, and includes 4 sub-arrays of super-surface antennas and 6 "Π" structures for widening the beam width of the array. The novel millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the super-surface can achieve high gain and 20% of relative bandwidth of sub-arrays. The SIW power divider with one-to-two and two-to-four functions is used for feeding, so that equal-amplitude and same-phase feeding of each array element is guaranteed, and high gain of the subarray is achieved. The antenna array element adopts the non-periodic super surface to control the aperture field distribution, thereby widening the antenna beam width and being beneficial to improving the scanning range of the array. The 10dB impedance bandwidth of the 1 x 4 sub-array may cover the 24.25-29.5GHz (20%) band, corresponding to the millimeter wave band. On the basis of the subarray, a 4 x 4 wide-angle scanning phased array antenna with one-dimensional scanning capability is designed. In addition, a n-shaped structure is introduced between the sub-arrays, and the position and the size of the structure are adjusted, so that a non-uniform aperture field of an array scanning surface is realized, the unit beam width along the scanning direction is further improved, and a wider scanning range is realized.
1 x 4 sub-array structure of super-surface antenna
Compared with the traditional patch antenna, the super-surface structure has wider working bandwidth and larger design freedom, and can be used in the design of various high-performance antennas. The structure of each super-surface antenna sub-array is shown in fig. 2 to 4, and the whole structure of the super-surface antenna sub-array can be divided into two parts, namely a radiation structure and a feed structure, wherein the radiation structure is positioned above the feed structure. The whole body comprises 23 LTCC layers, and the thickness of each LTCC layer is 0.094 mm. Wherein the top 8 layers are used to implement the radiating structure of the antenna and the remaining 15 layers are used to implement the feeding structure of the antenna. Specifically, the fourth LTCC substrate 1 is 8 layers, and each of the first LTCC substrate 13, the second LTCC substrate 10, and the third LTCC substrate 5 is 5 layers.
As shown in fig. 4, the radiation structure includes 4 super surface antenna elements 2 on the fourth LTCC substrate 1, and each super surface antenna element 2 is composed of 3 × 5 aperiodic patch units. The feed structure comprises a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) and an H-shaped coupling slot. From bottom to top, the substrate integrated waveguide and the H-shaped coupling slot respectively form a power divider with one division into two and two divisions into four, and the power divider can respectively feed four super-surface antenna array elements 2 positioned at the top. The feeding mode is parallel feeding, and the feeding effect with equal amplitude and same phase can be realized. Specifically, the feeding structure is totally divided into three SIW structures, which sequentially include from bottom to top: the first metal layer 15, the first LTCC substrate 13, the second metal layer 12, the second LTCC substrate 10, the third metal layer 8, the third LTCC substrate 5, and the fourth metal layer 3. The first metal layer 15 is provided with a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) switching ground coplanar waveguide (GCPW) feeder 16, the first LTCC substrate 13 is provided with a first Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)14, the second metal layer 12 is provided with a first coupling gap 18, the second LTCC substrate 10 is provided with a second Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)11, the third metal layer 8 is provided with two second coupling gaps 17, the third LTCC substrate 5 is provided with a third Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)6, and the fourth metal layer 3 is provided with four third coupling gaps 4. The first coupling slit 18, the second coupling slit 17 and the third coupling slit 4 are all H-shaped slits, and the purpose is to reduce the size of the SIW on the array scanning surface to ensure wide-angle scanning. The first substrate integrated waveguide 14, the second substrate integrated waveguide 11, and the third substrate integrated waveguide 6 are loaded with tuning pins 7 for adjusting the matching of the antenna.
Firstly, signals are input by a grounding coplanar waveguide (GCPW) feeder 16, and then are converted into SIW by GCPW for feeding; secondly, the first substrate integrated waveguide 14 at the bottommost layer couples energy upwards to the second substrate integrated waveguide 11 through the first coupling slot 18 in the middle of the second metal layer 12, so as to form a power divider with one division into two parts; thirdly, energy is coupled to the third substrate integrated waveguide 6 through the two second coupling gaps 17 of the third metal layer 8, so that a power divider divided into four parts is formed; finally, four third coupling slots 4 on the fourth metal layer 3 feed the top 4 super-surface antenna elements. Wherein tuning pins 7 are loaded in the SIW of each layer in order to achieve a better impedance matching. In addition, for the convenience of testing, signals are fed in through the SMPM connector, so that impedance transformation of the GCPW feeder line is needed through adjusting the height of the ground. As shown in fig. 3, the seated SMPM joints are fixed to the bottommost metal.
Fig. 5-8 show simulated performance of the sub-array of super-surface antennas. As can be seen from fig. 5, the antenna can cover the millimeter wave frequency band of 24.25-29.5GHz with a relative bandwidth of about 20%. Fig. 6 is a graph of the actual gain of the antenna over the entire frequency band. The gain of the antenna normal direction is larger than 10.5dBi in the whole working frequency band. As the frequency increases, the gain is seen to increase as well, with the highest gain reaching 12.2 dBi. The higher the frequency, the narrower the beam width. Fig. 7 shows the E/H plane pattern of the antenna at the highest frequency point of 29.5GHz, and it can be seen that the antenna radiation pattern remains symmetrical in both the E plane and the H plane. The 3-dB beamwidth of the E-plane is approximately ± 46 °. Fig. 8 shows the antenna efficiency over the entire operating band, and it can be seen that the antenna efficiency over the entire band is greater than 74%.
Super-surface-based 4 x 4 millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna
The 4 × 4 phased array antenna is designed based on the above-described super surface antenna sub-arrays, and as shown in fig. 9 to 10, the array pitch is set to 0.43 λ 0(@30 GHz). In order to improve the scanning performance of the array, a n-shaped structure 19 is loaded between array elements, and the working principle of the n-shaped structure lies in that a non-uniform aperture field of an array scanning surface is formed, so that the unit beam width along the scanning direction is further improved.
In order to widen the array beam width of the phased array antenna, the wide-angle scanning performance of the phased array antenna is realized. By adjusting the structure 19, the array scanning performance can be improved. As can be seen from the side view of fig. 10, the height of the "Π" shaped structure 19 is lower than the super-surface antenna array elements, so that the coupling between the super-surface antenna sub-arrays can be reduced, the electric field distribution of the scanning surface becomes more uneven, the beam width of the array elements of the scanning surface is widened, and the scanning capability is improved. The overall size of the model of the array antenna is 17.3 multiplied by 32.16 multiplied by 2.162mm3(1.73×3.216×0.216λ3And the wavelength corresponds to 30 GHz).
Simulated performance of the phased array antenna is given in fig. 11 to 14. As can be seen from FIG. 11, the phased array antenna can cover the frequency band range of 24.25-29.5GHz, and meets the broadband application of the millimeter wave 5G frequency band. Fig. 12 is a graph of actual gain of the phased array antenna in the whole frequency band, the gain in the normal direction of the antenna is more than 15dBi in the whole working frequency band, the gain is seen to increase continuously with the increase of frequency, and the highest gain can reach 16.8 dBi. Fig. 13 shows the antenna efficiency of the antenna over the entire operating band, and it can be seen that the antenna efficiency is greater than 75% over the entire band. FIG. 14 shows the scanning performance of the array operating at 29.5GHz with a 3dB drop in antenna normal gain and a scanning angle of + -60 deg., and the validity of the n-shaped structure is verified by simulation. The scanning performance in the whole frequency band range can meet the requirement that the normal gain of the antenna is reduced by 3dB, the scanning angle is larger than +/-55 degrees, and the maximum scanning angle can reach +/-60 degrees. The antenna provided by the embodiment can be widely applied to the fields of radar, communication and the like and has wide-angle scanning capability.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the super-surface is characterized by comprising a radiation structure and a feed structure positioned below the radiation structure,
the radiation structure comprises 4 super-surface antenna sub-arrays and a plurality of n-shaped structures, each super-surface antenna sub-array comprises 1 x 4 super-surface antenna array elements, each super-surface antenna array element comprises a plurality of patch units, and the n-shaped structures are arranged between the adjacent super-surface antenna sub-arrays;
the feed structure is used for feeding each super-surface antenna array element and comprises a substrate integrated waveguide and a coupling slot.
2. The super-surface based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the height of each n-shaped structure is lower than the super-surface antenna element.
3. The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a super surface, according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-uniform aperture field of the array scanning surface is realized by changing the position and size of the n-shaped structure.
4. The super-surface based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein there are 6 "Π" structures.
5. The super-surface based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein each super-surface antenna sub-array comprises 4 super-surface antenna elements.
6. The super-surface based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the size of the patch elements of the super-surface antenna array elements is non-periodic.
7. The super-surface based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 6, wherein each super-surface antenna array element comprises patch elements arranged in a 3 x 5 array, and the size of each column of patch elements is different.
8. The super-surface based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna of any of claims 1 to 7, the super-surface antenna subarray feed structure is characterized in that the feed structure of each super-surface antenna subarray comprises a first metal layer, a first LTCC substrate, a second metal layer, a second LTCC substrate, a third metal layer, a third LTCC substrate and a fourth metal layer from bottom to top, a substrate integrated waveguide switching ground coplanar waveguide feeder line is arranged on the first metal layer, a first substrate integrated waveguide is arranged on the first LTCC substrate, a first coupling gap is formed in the second metal layer, a second substrate integrated waveguide is arranged on the second LTCC substrate, a second coupling gap is formed in the third metal layer, a third substrate integrated waveguide is arranged on the third LTCC substrate, and a third coupling gap equal to the number of super-surface antenna array elements in the super-surface antenna subarray is formed in the fourth metal layer.
9. The super-surface based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna according to claim 8, wherein tuning pins are provided on the first substrate integrated waveguide, the second substrate integrated waveguide and the third substrate integrated waveguide.
10. The super-surface based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna, according to claim 8, wherein the first coupling slot, the second coupling slot and the third coupling slot are all "H" shaped slots.
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| CN114498001A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-13 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on laminated super surface and communication equipment |
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