CN114336019B - 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with co-radiator - Google Patents
5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with co-radiator Download PDFInfo
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- CN114336019B CN114336019B CN202111538749.8A CN202111538749A CN114336019B CN 114336019 B CN114336019 B CN 114336019B CN 202111538749 A CN202111538749 A CN 202111538749A CN 114336019 B CN114336019 B CN 114336019B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator. The antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, an adhesive layer and a second dielectric substrate from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is provided with a pair of parasitic patches and a common radiator structure; a metal floor is arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the bonding layer; the common radiator structure is connected with the metal floor through a plurality of first short-circuit columns; the parasitic patch is connected with the metal floor through a plurality of second short-circuit columns; the lower surface of the second medium substrate is provided with a microwave feeder line and a plurality of millimeter wave feeder lines; the radiating body structure is connected with the millimeter wave feeder lines through a plurality of first probes respectively; the co-radiator structure and the microwave feed line are connected by a plurality of second probes. The present invention will have a relatively compact size. The invention realizes the radiation characteristic of side emission in both sub-6GHz and millimeter wave frequency bands, and has the function of beam scanning in the millimeter wave frequency band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with a radiating body.
Background
In recent years, wireless communication systems have been increasingly miniaturized and multi-frequency. The power for developing a multi-frequency system mainly comes from covering emerging 5G communication frequency bands, namely sub-6GHz and millimeter wave frequency bands. Conventional large frequency ratio antennas increase the size and weight of the antenna module and the entire system, and thus a dual-band co-radiator antenna having a compact structure has been developed. However, a general dual-band antenna does not have the same radiation characteristics in the microwave and millimeter wave bands. Therefore, the research of the large frequency ratio antenna having the co-radiator has been an important issue.
With the development of high-speed communication network technology, especially the rapid development of 5G communication process, the method can be applied to millimeter wave frequency band, and it is a development trend to improve the coverage space. However, the dual-band large frequency ratio antenna does not now have the beam scanning characteristics. This is not ideal for the widespread use of antennas.
According to investigation and understanding, the prior art that has been disclosed is as follows:
a novel common-caliber Large-Frequency-Ratio Dual-Frequency Antenna is provided in an article entitled "A Dual-Band shaped-Aperture Antenna With Large Frequency Ratio", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Y.J.Cheng, Y.R.Ding, and C.X.Bai, 67, 2019, and High Channel Isolation ". The article uses a substrate integrated waveguide slot array as a millimeter-wave band radiator, and a microwave patch antenna is excited in a slot coupling manner. However, this technique does not achieve the performance of beam scanning in the millimeter-wave band, and the feed structure is complicated, and does not achieve uniform edge-emitting characteristics in the dual-band.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide another design method of a 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator, which is different from the traditional dual-frequency antenna design, has the beam scanning characteristic and a compact structure, realizes the edge-emitting radiation characteristic in both sub-6GHz and millimeter wave bands while realizing the common radiator, and can be applied to a 5G wireless communication system in the sub-6GHz N41 and millimeter wave band N261 ranges.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
A5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator comprises a first dielectric substrate, a bonding layer and a second dielectric substrate from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is provided with a pair of parasitic patches and a common radiator structure;
a metal floor is arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the bonding layer;
the common radiator structure is connected with the metal floor through a plurality of first short-circuit columns penetrating through the first dielectric substrate;
the parasitic patch is connected with the metal floor through a plurality of second short-circuit columns penetrating through the first dielectric substrate;
a plurality of first circular gaps and a plurality of second circular gaps are etched on the metal floor;
the lower surface of the second medium substrate is provided with a microwave feeder line and a plurality of millimeter wave feeder lines;
the radiating body structure is connected with the millimeter wave feed lines through a plurality of first probes which sequentially penetrate through the first medium substrate, the first circular gap, the bonding layer and the second medium substrate;
the radiating body structure is connected with the microwave feeder line through a plurality of second probes which sequentially penetrate through the first medium substrate, the second circular gap, the bonding layer and the second medium substrate.
Furthermore, the radiating body structure comprises n cavity sub-arrays which are mirror-symmetrical in a millimeter wave band, wherein n is an even number, the n cavity sub-arrays are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate in parallel, adjacent cavity sub-arrays are connected at the position where the electric field of each cavity sub-array is minimum, and the radiation characteristic of edge radiation is realized in millimeter waves by feeding power at the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays with a phase difference of 180 degrees;
in the radiating body structure, n cavity subarrays are mirror symmetry about the central axis, and the central axis is parallel to the cavity subarrays.
Further, the beam scanning characteristic is realized by further changing the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays;
when the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays is set to be 75 degrees, a 20-degree inclined beam is realized;
when the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays is set to be 150 degrees, 38-degree inclined beams are realized;
in a sub-6GHz frequency band, the whole common radiator structure works as a short-circuited quarter-wave patch and has a good edge radiation characteristic; therefore, the array structure of the millimeter wave band is multiplexed in the sub-6GHz frequency band, so that the total volume of the antenna becomes compact, the two frequency bands have the same edge-emitting characteristic, and the scanning capacity of the millimeter wave band can improve the space coverage;
the size of the radiator structure and the frequency ratio of the overall antenna have the following relationship: when the number of the cavity sub-arrays is increased, that is, the overall size of the common radiator structure is increased, the frequency ratio of the overall antenna is also increased.
Furthermore, the common radiator structure is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the pair of parasitic patches are respectively positioned on two sides of the common radiator structure and are parallel to the cavity sub-array in the common radiator structure.
Further, the number of the first short-circuit columns is mn, wherein m is more than or equal to 3;
one side of each cavity subarray is provided with m first short-circuit columns;
the first shorting post connects the cavity subarray and the metal floor such that the cavity subarray resonates.
Further, the number of the second short-circuit columns is 2j, wherein j is more than or equal to 4;
one side of each parasitic patch is provided with j second short-circuit columns;
the second shorting post is used to short the parasitic patch so that a mode is created in the microwave band to increase bandwidth.
Furthermore, the number of the first circular gap, the number of the first probe, the number of the millimeter wave feeder line and the number of the cavity sub-arrays in the common radiator structure are the same, and are all n;
the other side of each cavity sub-array is connected with a millimeter wave feeder through a first probe, so that the millimeter wave feeder can feed the cavity sub-arrays in millimeter wave bands.
Further, the number of the second probes is 1 or 2;
the second probe is arranged on the central axis of the common radiator structure;
the second probe connects the co-radiator structure to the microwave feeder line such that the microwave feeder line feeds the co-radiator structure in the microwave band.
Further, rogers 5880 is adopted as the first dielectric substrate, rogers4450F is adopted as the adhesive layer, and Rogers 4350B is adopted as the second dielectric substrate.
Further, the metal adopted by the microwave feeder line, the millimeter wave feeder line, the metal floor, the parasitic patch and the co-radiator structure is any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum, or an alloy of any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the design of the prior art, the 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with the common radiator does not need a complex feed network, and realizes better beam scanning characteristics in millimeter wave bands.
2. Compared with the design of the prior art, the 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with the co-radiator structure is used as a cavity array in a millimeter wave frequency band and as a short-circuited quarter-wavelength patch in a microwave band, so that the multiplexing of the structure is realized, and the antenna has a compact integral size.
3. Compared with the design of the prior art, the 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with the co-radiator has the same edge-emitting radiation characteristic in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands, and meets the requirement of practical application.
4. Compared with the design of the prior art, the 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with the co-radiator has the advantages that the simulation result of the return loss of the input port shows that the frequency band can simultaneously meet the requirements of N41 in the sub-6GHz range and the 5G wireless communication system in the millimeter wave band N261 range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the upper and lower surfaces of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna having a co-radiator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of an upper surface of a first dielectric substrate of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate of the 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with the common radiator in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the upper and lower surfaces of an adhesive layer of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna having a co-radiator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of an upper surface of a second dielectric substrate of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a bottom view of the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate of the 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with the common radiator in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows | S of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator in the microwave band according to embodiment 1 of the present invention 11 Graph of simulation result of | sum Gain (Gain) parameter, and black short-dashed line is | S 11 And | the simulation curve, and the black solid line is the gain simulation curve.
Fig. 9 shows | S of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator in a millimeter wave band in embodiment 1 of the present invention 11 And (3) a simulation result curve graph of the I and Gain (Gain) parameters, wherein a black solid line is a Gain simulation curve, and the other four curves are simulation curves of reflection coefficients corresponding to four millimeter wave bands.
Fig. 10 is an isolation curve between four millimeter wave ports of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is an isolation curve between four millimeter wave ports and a microwave port of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a main plane radiation pattern of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator in a microwave frequency band of 2.56GHz according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a main plane radiation pattern of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator at 29GHz in the millimeter wave band according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a directional diagram of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator in a sub 6-GHz frequency band in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a directional diagram of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a radiator in a millimeter wave frequency band according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
A5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7, comprises a first dielectric substrate 1, an adhesive layer 2 and a second dielectric substrate 3 from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a pair of parasitic patches 11 and a common radiator structure 12;
in this embodiment, the common radiator structure 12 includes 4 cavity sub-arrays that are mirror-symmetric with respect to a millimeter wave band, the 4 cavity sub-arrays are sequentially arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, adjacent cavity sub-arrays are connected to each other at a position where an electric field of each cavity sub-array is the smallest, and edge-emitting radiation characteristics are realized in millimeter waves by feeding electricity through ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays with a phase difference of 180 °;
in the common radiator structure 12, 4 cavity subarrays are mirror-symmetric with respect to a central axis, and the central axis is parallel to the cavity subarrays.
In the sub-6GHz frequency band, the whole common radiator structure 12 works as a short-circuited quarter-wave patch and has better edge radiation characteristic; therefore, the array structure of the millimeter wave band is multiplexed in the sub-6GHz frequency band, so that the total volume of the antenna becomes compact, the two frequency bands have the same edge-emitting characteristic, and the scanning capability of the millimeter wave band can improve the space coverage;
the size of the radiator structure 12 and the frequency ratio of the overall antenna have the following relationship: when the number of the cavity sub-arrays is increased, that is, the overall size of the common radiator structure 12 is increased, the frequency ratio of the overall antenna is also increased.
In this embodiment, the common radiator structure 12 is disposed at the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the pair of parasitic patches 11 are respectively located at two sides of the common radiator structure 12 and are parallel to the cavity sub-array in the common radiator structure 12.
A metal floor 6 is arranged between the first dielectric substrate 1 and the bonding layer 2;
the common radiator structure 12 is connected with the metal floor 6 through 12 first short-circuit columns 9 penetrating through the first dielectric substrate 1; one side of each cavity subarray is provided with 3 first short-circuit columns 9; the first shorting post 9 connects the cavity sub-array and the metal floor 6 such that the cavity sub-array resonates.
The parasitic patch 11 is connected with the metal floor 6 through 8 second short-circuit columns 10 penetrating through the first dielectric substrate 1; one side of each parasitic patch 11 is provided with 4 second short-circuit columns 10; the second shorting post 10 is used to short circuit the parasitic patch 11 so that a mode is created in the microwave band to increase the bandwidth.
6 first circular gaps 13 and 2 second circular gaps 14 are etched on the metal floor 6;
the lower surface of the second medium substrate 3 is provided with a microwave feeder line 4 and 4 millimeter wave feeder lines 5;
the other side of each cavity sub-array in the resonator structure 12 is connected to 4 millimeter wave feed lines 5 through 4 first probes 7 sequentially penetrating through the first dielectric substrate 1, the first circular slot 13, the adhesive layer 2, and the second dielectric substrate 3, respectively, so that the millimeter wave feed lines 5 can feed the cavity sub-arrays in a millimeter wave band.
The co-radiator structure 12 and the microwave feeder line 4 are connected through 2 second probes 8 sequentially penetrating through the first dielectric substrate 1, the second circular slot 14, the adhesive layer 2 and the second dielectric substrate 3, and the second probes 8 are arranged on a central axis of the co-radiator structure 12, so that the microwave feeder line 4 feeds the co-radiator structure 12 in a microwave band.
After adjusting the dimensional parameters of each part of the 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with the co-radiator of this embodiment, verification simulation was performed on the 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with the co-radiator of this embodiment through calculation and electromagnetic field simulation, as shown in fig. 8, which shows | S of the microwave band of the antenna 11 Curves of the parameter simulation results of | input port return loss (input port) and Gain (Gain); it can be seen that | S is within the frequency band range of 2.52 GHz-2.59 GHz 11 The value of | is less than-10 dB, and the maximum gain value is 4.1dBi. As shown in FIG. 9, the reflection coefficient and the total gain of the antenna at four ports of the millimeter wave frequency band are shown, and can be seen from 27.4GHz to 29.6 GHzWithin the GHz frequency band range, the value of the reflection coefficient is less than-10 dB, and the maximum gain is 15.4dBi. As shown in fig. 10, the isolation curves between the four millimeter-wave band ports of the antenna are shown, all of which are seen to be less than-15 dB. Given the isolation curves between the four millimeter-wave band ports and the microwave port of the antenna, shown at 11, it can be seen that all are less than-16 dB. Simulation results show that the 5G large-frequency-ratio beam scanning antenna with the common radiator has better radiation characteristics and scanning characteristics, has good performance, and can meet the requirements of application to 5G wireless communication systems in sub-6GHz and millimeter wave frequency ranges.
The radiation pattern of the 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna HFSS simulation model with the co-radiator of the present embodiment at 2.56GHz is shown in fig. 12, and it can be seen that the result has better edge-emitting characteristics. The radiation pattern at 29GHz of a model of HFSS simulation of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator of this embodiment is shown in fig. 13, and it can be seen that a narrow beam with a higher gain is achieved, which can be used to achieve beam steering. The invention realizes the edge-emitting characteristic in both sub-6GHz and millimeter wave frequency bands, and meets the development requirement of wireless communication.
In the above embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 1 is a Rogers 5880, the adhesive layer 2 is a Rogers4450F, and the second dielectric substrate 3 is a Rogers 4350B; the microwave feeder 4,4 are millimeter wave feeder 5, metal floor 6, a pair of parasitic patches 11, and the metal adopted by the common radiator structure 12 is any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum, or an alloy of any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, the beam scanning characteristic is realized by further changing the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays;
unlike in embodiment 1, the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays is set to 75 °, achieving a tilted beam of 20 °;
when the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays is 150 degrees, 38-degree inclined beams are realized;
because the structure is symmetrical about the central axis, a-20 deg. tilted beam is achieved when the phase difference between the ports of adjacent cavity sub-arrays is-75 deg.. When the phase difference between the ports of the cavity sub-array is-150 degrees, a-38 degree tilted beam is realized.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, unlike embodiment 1, the cavity sub-array in embodiment 1 is an array of five cells, whereas the cavity sub-array in this embodiment is an array of three cells. The realized radiation performance is shown in the following graph, fig. 14 is a directional diagram of a sub 6-GHz band, and it can be seen that the directional diagram still has an edge radiation characteristic. Fig. 15 is a directional diagram of a millimeter wave band, and it can be seen that a narrow beam with still higher gain is realized. Therefore, in the embodiment, the consistent edge-emitting characteristics are still realized in the two frequency bands, and the development requirements of wireless application are met.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a common radiator is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate (1), an adhesive layer (2) and a second dielectric substrate (3) from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a pair of parasitic patches (11) and a common radiator structure (12);
a metal floor (6) is arranged between the first dielectric substrate (1) and the bonding layer (2);
the common radiator structure (12) is connected with the metal floor (6) through a plurality of first short-circuit columns (9) penetrating through the first dielectric substrate (1);
the parasitic patch (11) is connected with the metal floor (6) through a plurality of second short-circuit columns (10) penetrating through the first dielectric substrate (1);
a plurality of first circular gaps (13) and a plurality of second circular gaps (14) are etched on the metal floor (6);
a microwave feeder line (4) and a plurality of millimeter wave feeder lines (5) are arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (3);
the radiating body structure (12) and the millimeter wave feeder lines (5) are connected through a plurality of first probes (7) which sequentially penetrate through the first medium substrate (1), the first circular gap (13), the bonding layer (2) and the second medium substrate (3);
the radiating body structure (12) is connected with the microwave feeder line (4) through a plurality of second probes (8) which sequentially penetrate through the first dielectric substrate (1), the second circular gap (14), the bonding layer (2) and the second dielectric substrate (3);
the common radiator structure (12) comprises n cavity sub-arrays which are mirror-symmetrical in a millimeter wave band, wherein n is an even number, the n cavity sub-arrays are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the first medium substrate (1) in parallel, adjacent cavity sub-arrays are connected at the position where the electric field of each cavity sub-array is minimum, and the edge-emitting radiation characteristic is realized in millimeter waves by feeding power at the port of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays in a 180-degree phase difference manner;
in the radiating body structure (12), n cavity sub-arrays are in mirror symmetry with respect to a central axis, and the central axis is parallel to the cavity sub-arrays; the common radiator structure (12) is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1), and the pair of parasitic patches (11) are respectively positioned on two sides of the common radiator structure (12) and are parallel to the cavity sub-arrays in the common radiator structure (12).
2. The 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with the common radiator according to claim 1, wherein the beam scanning characteristic is realized by further changing the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays;
when the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays is set to be 75 degrees, a 20-degree inclined beam is realized;
when the phase difference between the ports of the adjacent cavity sub-arrays is set to 150 °, a tilted beam of 38 ° is achieved.
3. The 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with the common radiator according to claim 1, wherein the number of the first shorting bars (9) is mn, wherein m ≧ 3;
one side of each cavity subarray is provided with m first short-circuit columns (9).
4. The 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with the common radiator according to claim 1, wherein the number of the second shorting bars (10) is 2j, wherein j ≧ 4;
one side of each parasitic patch (11) is provided with j second short-circuit columns (10).
5. A 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator according to claim 3, characterized in that the number of first circular slots (13), first probes (7), millimeter wave feed lines (5) and cavity sub-arrays in the co-radiator structure (12) is the same, all n;
the other side of each cavity sub-array is connected with a millimeter wave feeder (5) through a first probe (7).
6. A 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of second probes (8) is 1 or 2;
the second probe (8) is arranged on the central axis of the common radiator structure (12);
a second probe (8) connects the co-radiator structure (12) to the microwave feed line (4).
7. The 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with the co-radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first dielectric substrate (1) adopts Rogers 5880, the adhesive layer (2) adopts Rogers4450F, and the second dielectric substrate (3) adopts Rogers 4350B.
8. The 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the metal used for the microwave feed line (4), the millimeter wave feed line (5), the metal floor (6), the parasitic patch (11) and the co-radiator structure (12) is any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum, or an alloy of any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum.
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