CN115939782A - W-band rotary type circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array - Google Patents
W-band rotary type circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN115939782A CN115939782A CN202310063309.4A CN202310063309A CN115939782A CN 115939782 A CN115939782 A CN 115939782A CN 202310063309 A CN202310063309 A CN 202310063309A CN 115939782 A CN115939782 A CN 115939782A
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Abstract
The invention provides a W-band rotary type circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array, which belongs to the technical field of antennas and is used for solving the problems of narrow axial ratio bandwidth and complex structure of an antenna array in the prior art, and comprises an antenna radiation structure and a feed transmission structure which are stacked up and down, wherein four metal patch modules which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along a central axis are etched on the antenna radiation structure, and a vertical metal through hole is arranged below the antenna radiation structure; the feed transmission structure is a metal plate, four metal waveguides which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed are milled in the feed transmission structure, excitation with phase gradient is fed in a rotating mode, a short-circuit surface is arranged at an upper port, and a coupling gap is formed; the axial ratio bandwidth is effectively expanded through the feed structure and the radiation structure which are rotationally symmetrically arranged, and the antenna can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a W-band rotary type circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array which can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging.
Background
With the development of modern wireless technology, communication equipment with wide frequency band, high transmission rate, miniaturization and multifunctional integration becomes a development trend, and the fact that high frequency bands such as millimeter waves can meet the requirements becomes a hot point of research in recent years. The millimeter wave refers to electromagnetic wave with the frequency ranging from 30GHz to 300GHz, the corresponding wavelength ranges from 1mm to 10mm, and the W-band antenna belongs to a millimeter wave antenna. Compared with a low frequency band, the millimeter wave antenna equipment has the advantages of wide frequency band, small structure size, good communication safety, high target identification resolution and the like. Meanwhile, the atmospheric attenuation in a frequency band near a specific frequency in a W wave band is small, and the antenna working at the frequency has important application in systems such as high-resolution radars, point-to-point data transmission, accurate guidance and high-resolution radar imaging.
Essentially, a magneto-electric dipole antenna belongs to a complementary antenna. The E-plane radiation pattern of the electric dipole is 8-shaped, the H-plane is 0-shaped, and the E-plane radiation pattern and the H-plane radiation pattern of the magnetic dipole are just opposite to each other. If the orthogonally placed electric dipole and magnetic dipole antennas are excited in equal amplitude and in phase, the shape of the synthesized radiation pattern is a cardioid shape which is symmetrical in an E plane and an H plane, so that symmetrical E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns and extremely low backward radiation are obtained.
The antenna can be classified into linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization according to polarization characteristics, wherein the linear polarization antenna is most widely used. Compared with a linear polarization antenna, the circularly polarized antenna has the advantages of interference resistance, rain fog resistance and attenuation resistance, and strict directivity does not need to be met between the receiving and transmitting antennas. These advantages have led to great attention being paid to the study of circularly polarized antennas.
Penliyao proposed a W-band circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna in W-band planar array antenna research of the Master thesis, the center frequency of the antenna is 77GHz, the antenna unit adopts SIW gap feeding, the maximum gain is 8.8dB, and the antenna unit has an impedance bandwidth of 18.2% and an axial ratio bandwidth of 17.6%. And an array design is carried out, a 2X2 circularly polarized antenna array is designed, the gain is improved to 14.4dB, and the level of a side lobe is-10.8 dB. Although the array antenna realizes the design of the W-band circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole array antenna, the gain can only be improved according to the uniform array group, and the axial ratio bandwidth problem of the antenna array is not considered; the array element spacing is larger, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array is higher; the antenna unit adopts SIW gap excitation feed, needs to design a multi-layer PCB structure to realize feed, has complex structure and high manufacturing cost, and is not beneficial to large-scale mass production; and the antenna is single-port input feed, and the phase of each unit feed is constant, which is not beneficial to further phased array design.
Overall, the main drawbacks of the prior art are as follows:
first, in the prior art, the antenna unit employs SIW slot excitation feeding, a multi-layer PCB structure needs to be designed, and a SIW transmission line needs to be designed, which is complicated to manufacture and high in cost at a frequency of 94GHz in the W band, and is not suitable for mass production.
Second, the antenna array in the prior art is a uniform planar array, and each antenna unit is completely consistent, which only can achieve the effect of increasing the gain, but cannot increase the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna array. And the array element spacing is larger, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array is higher.
Third, the antenna array in the prior art is a single feed, and the feed phase of each wire unit is constant, which is not favorable for the realization of large-scale phased array.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a W-band rotary circular polarization magnetoelectric dipole antenna array, which is intended to further expand axial ratio bandwidth, reduce side lobe level of the antenna array, reduce complexity of feed transmission structure, reduce manufacturing cost, and further implement related design of phased array on the basis of implementing the W-band circular polarization magnetoelectric dipole antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a W wave band rotation type circular polarization magnetoelectric dipole antenna array, includes upper and lower range upon range of antenna radiation structure and feed transmission structure, wherein:
the antenna radiation structure is a dielectric substrate, four metal patch modules which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the dielectric substrate are etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, each metal patch module is composed of four rectangular metal patches which are arranged in two rows and two columns, a pair of patches at diagonal positions are connected through a metal strip, and a vertical metal through hole which penetrates through the dielectric substrate is arranged below each rectangular metal patch;
the feed transmission structure is a metal plate, four rectangular waveguides are milled at the positions corresponding to the metal patch modules in the feed transmission structure, the rectangular waveguide on one diagonal is a through waveguide, and the rectangular waveguide on the other diagonal is a torsional waveguide which rotates by taking the vertical direction as an axis; the lower ports of the four rectangular waveguides are uniformly distributed, the upper ports are provided with short-circuit surfaces, the short-circuit surfaces are provided with coupling gaps, and the upper ports of the rectangular waveguides and the coupling gaps are rotationally and symmetrically distributed around the central axis of the metal plate.
In one embodiment, in the metal patch module, a first chamfer is arranged at four vertexes at the outermost side, and a second chamfer is arranged at a vertex close to the center of the metal patch module, wherein the vertex is positioned at a diagonal position of a pair of patches which are not connected by a metal strip, and the second chamfer is larger than the first chamfer.
In one embodiment, in the metal patch module, the metal strip connecting a pair of patches in diagonal positions faces the center of the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the vertical metal vias are distributed symmetrically about two axes of the corresponding metal patch module.
In one embodiment, the twisted waveguide is a three-layer structure, the lower layer structure of the twisted waveguide is consistent with the straight-through waveguide, the middle layer is a twisted structure which rotates by 45 degrees along the vertical central axis of the twisted waveguide, and the upper layer is a rectangular waveguide structure which rotates by 90 degrees along the vertical central axis of the twisted waveguide and has the same size as the lower layer structure.
In one embodiment, the torsion structure is a bow-tie structure, i.e. the two ends are wide, the middle is narrow, the length direction is a diagonal direction, and the width increases from the middle to the two ends in a streamline form.
In one embodiment, the non-diagonal central axis of the metal patch module, the longitudinal central axis of the coupling slot corresponding to the metal patch module, the longitudinal central axis of the through waveguide corresponding to the metal patch module, and the longitudinal central axis of the twisted waveguide corresponding to the metal patch module coincide with each other.
In one embodiment, the four rectangular waveguides are respectively fed with constant amplitude excitation with phase gradient in a rotating manner, and the excitation phases are 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° in sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the radiation structure and the feed transmission network are designed in a rotational symmetry mode, so that the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth of the array is effectively expanded on the basis of unit circular polarization, and more excellent circular polarization performance is obtained. Meanwhile, the array element spacing is compressed, the circular polarization axial ratio is reduced, and the side lobe level of the antenna array is reduced. The invention can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging.
2. The invention is composed of a single-layer medium substrate (such as a PCB) positioned above and a metal plate positioned below, a radiation structure is etched on the medium substrate, and the metal plate obtains a feed transmission structure through milling operation.
3. The antenna array of the invention feeds power for each unit independently, and can further carry out the related design of large-scale phased array.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a metal patch module and a corresponding metal via structure according to the present invention
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a feeding transmission structure of the present invention, in which fig. 3 (a) is an overall schematic diagram of the feeding transmission structure, fig. 3 (b) is a horizontal sectional view of a lower layer of the feeding transmission structure, fig. 3 (c) is a horizontal sectional view of an intermediate layer of the feeding transmission structure, and fig. 3 (d) is a horizontal sectional view of an upper layer of the feeding transmission structure.
Fig. 4 is an E-plane H-plane pattern of an antenna array of an embodiment of the present invention at 94 GHz.
Fig. 5 is a graph of axial ratio of antenna elements to array versus frequency for an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of standing wave ratio versus frequency for an antenna array in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the W-band rotary circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array of the present invention includes an antenna radiation structure 1 and a feed transmission structure 2 stacked up and down.
The antenna radiation structure 1 is a dielectric substrate, in the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric substrate is a type Rogers5880, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, the thickness is 0.508mm, and the transverse dimension is 5mm × 5mm. Four metal patch modules 11 which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the dielectric substrate are etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. In the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the etching metal is 0.02mm, and the horizontal and vertical distances between the metal patch modules 11 are both 2.3mm.
Referring to fig. 2, each metal patch module 11 is formed by four rectangular metal patches arranged in two rows and two columns, wherein a pair of the patches at diagonal positions are connected by a metal strip. In the embodiment of the present invention, a first chamfer is provided at four vertices at the outermost side, and a second chamfer is provided at a vertex close to the center of the metal patch module 11 for a pair of patches at diagonal positions that are not connected by a metal strip. Vertical metal through holes 12 penetrating through the dielectric substrate are provided below each rectangular metal patch, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the distribution positions of the vertical metal through holes 12 are axisymmetric with respect to two axes of the metal patch module 11 (i.e., the row axis and the column axis of the four rectangular metal patches). Illustratively, the length direction of the connecting metal strip is towards the center of the dielectric substrate.
Each metal patch module 11 and four vertical metal through holes 12 arranged below the metal patch module form a circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit together. In an embodiment of the present invention, the second chamfer is greater than the first chamfer. Illustratively, the length L1 of the rectangular metal patch is 0.7mm, the width W1 is 0.58mm, the length T1 of the outermost corner cut one is 0.1mm, the transverse spacing S1 of the rectangular metal patch is 0.08mm, the longitudinal spacing S2 is 0.06mm, the width M1 of the connecting metal strip is 0.34mm, the distances between the vertical metal through holes 12 and two symmetry axes are respectively C1=0.44mm, C2=0.4mm, and the diameter D of the vertical metal through holes 12 is 0.27mm. It should be noted that, here, "horizontal direction" and "longitudinal direction" are both horizontal directions, and may be compared with X direction and Y direction in an XYZ coordinate system, and in the present invention, "vertical direction" refers to vertical direction, and may be compared with Z direction in the XYZ coordinate system.
Referring to fig. 3, the feeding transmission structure 2 of the present invention is a metal plate. In the embodiment of the invention, the transverse dimension of the metal plate is the same as that of the dielectric substrate on the upper layer, the transverse dimension is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, and the height of the metal plate is 3.5mm. Four rectangular waveguides are milled inside the metal plate, and the four rectangular waveguides correspond to the four metal patch modules 11 in the vertical direction. Two of the rectangular waveguides on one diagonal are through waveguides 22, and the rectangular waveguide on the other diagonal is twisted waveguide 23, as shown in fig. 3 (a). Where the twisted waveguide 23, meaning it is twisted 90 deg. along a vertical axis from the lower level to the upper level.
Specifically, the twisted waveguide 23 may be divided into three layers, the lower layer of which is identical to the through waveguide 22, and four rectangular waveguides are axisymmetrically arranged, as shown in fig. 3 (b). The middle layer is a twisted structure rotated by 45 ° along the vertical central axis of the twisted waveguide 23, specifically, two rectangular waveguides on one diagonal line are still in line with the lower layer, and two rectangular waveguides on the other diagonal line are rotated by 45 ° counterclockwise with respect to the lower layer, and the twisted structure is presented, as shown in fig. 3 (c). The upper layer is a rectangular waveguide structure which is rotated by 90 degrees along the vertical central axis of the twisted waveguide 23 and has a size consistent with that of the lower layer, specifically, two rectangular waveguides on one diagonal line are consistent with the lower layer, and two rectangular waveguides on the other diagonal line are twisted by 90 degrees compared with the lower layer, as shown in fig. 3 (d). The lower ports of the four rectangular waveguides are uniformly distributed, the upper ports are provided with short circuit surfaces, and coupling gaps 21 are formed. The rectangular waveguide upper ports and the coupling slits 21 are distributed in rotational symmetry about the central axis of the metal plate.
In the present invention, the twisted structure of the layer in the twisted waveguide 23 may be referred to as a "bow-tie type", which means that the waveguide cross section has a bow-tie type, i.e. a shape with two wide ends and a narrow middle. The length direction is diagonal direction, and the width is in streamline increasing trend from the middle to the two ends.
The metal patch module 11 coincides with the corresponding coupling slot 21 and the central axis of the rectangular metal waveguide 22 or 23, specifically, the non-diagonal central axis of the metal patch module 11, the longitudinal central axis of the coupling slot 21 corresponding to the metal patch module 11, the longitudinal central axis of the through waveguide 22 corresponding to the metal patch module 11, and the longitudinal central axis of the twisted waveguide 23 corresponding to the metal patch module 11 coincide with each other. In the embodiment of the present invention, the length L2 of the rectangular waveguide is 2mm, the width W2 is 1mm, and the horizontal and vertical distances between the rectangular waveguides are both P1=2.3mm, where the horizontal and vertical distances refer to the center distances between adjacent rectangular waveguides. The length of the middle-layer torsion structure is L3=2.7mm, the width W3=1.35mm on the outer side, the width W4=1.05mm on the inner side, and simultaneously, in order to reduce the occupied area of the bow-tie type torsion structure and facilitate the processing and manufacturing, the four outer side edges of the bow-tie type torsion structure are processed into the corner cutting angles, and the radius of the corner cutting angles is 0.4mm. The length L5 of the coupling slot is 1.65mm, the width W5 is 0.29mm, and the four coupling slots are rotationally arrayed about the central axis, which can be referred to as (b), (c) and (d) in fig. 3.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the antenna array is fed through the rectangular waveguide, a rotary feeding function is realized through a feeding transmission structure at the lower layer, equal-amplitude excitation with phase gradients is sequentially and rotationally fed into the four waveguides, the excitation phases are sequentially 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, gap coupling feeding is performed on an antenna radiation structure at the upper layer through a coupling gap 21 arranged at a rectangular waveguide terminal, radiation is performed through a circular polarization magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit jointly formed by a metal patch module and a vertical metal through hole arranged below the metal patch module, and the axial ratio of the antenna array can be effectively reduced through the central rotational symmetry design and the rotary feeding of the radiation structure.
Therefore, on the basis of the traditional circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the structure is further simplified, and the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna are improved; and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is further expanded through the rotary placement and independent differential feeding of the units. The invention can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation software
The above embodiment was simulated using the commercial simulation software HFSS — 2020R 1.
2. Simulation content and result analysis
Simulation 3, a standing wave ratio of the antenna array of the embodiment is simulated according to a frequency variation curve, and the result is shown in fig. 6.
The W wave band is used as a millimeter wave high frequency band, and has the advantages of wide frequency band, small structure size, good communication safety, high target identification resolution and the like compared with a low frequency band. Meanwhile, the antenna array in the embodiment is one of the atmospheric windows of the millimeter wave frequency band at the frequency of 94GHz, and the electromagnetic wave at the frequency can efficiently penetrate through the earth atmosphere with low loss, so that the antenna array has a wide application prospect in satellite communication. Referring to fig. 4, according to simulation, the maximum gain is 13.8dB, the half-power lobe width is 35 degrees, the side lobe level is-15.7 dB, and the E and H plane directional diagrams have good symmetry; this shows that the antenna array of the present embodiment has a high gain, and realizes the characteristic of the E and H plane radiation patterns of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna, and the sidelobe level is low.
Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the antenna array has an axial ratio smaller than 3dB in a range of 77.8 to 123.2GHz, and the axial ratio is 0.11dB at a center frequency of 94 GHz; the antenna array has good circular polarization performance, and compared with the unit axial ratio, the axial ratio bandwidth is greatly expanded after the radiation structure and the feed transmission network are designed in a rotational symmetry mode.
Referring to fig. 6, in the antenna array of this embodiment, the standing-wave ratios are all less than 2 in the frequency range of 84.2 to 110.3GHz, and the standing-wave ratio is 1.45 at the center frequency of 94 GHz. The antenna array has good standing wave characteristics.
In conclusion, the W-band rotary type circular polarization magnetoelectric dipole antenna array is realized, and the antenna array greatly expands the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth and keeps a lower side lobe level by rotationally and symmetrically designing a radiation structure and a feed transmission network; the antenna array is only composed of a single-layer dielectric substrate and a metal plate below the single-layer dielectric substrate, so that the antenna array is simple to manufacture, low in cost, good in structural stability and beneficial to large-scale mass production; the antenna array feeds power to each unit independently, and the related design of a large-scale phased array can be further carried out.
It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a W wave band rotation type circular polarization magnetoelectric dipole antenna array which characterized in that, includes antenna radiation structure (1) and feed transmission structure (2) that stack up from top to bottom, wherein:
the antenna radiation structure (1) is a dielectric substrate, four metal patch modules (11) which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the dielectric substrate are etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, each metal patch module (11) is composed of four rectangular metal patches which are arranged in two rows and two columns, a pair of patches at diagonal positions are connected through metal strips, and a vertical metal through hole (12) penetrating through the dielectric substrate is arranged below each rectangular metal patch;
the feed transmission structure (2) is a metal plate, four rectangular waveguides are milled at the position, corresponding to the metal patch module (11), in the feed transmission structure, the rectangular waveguide on one diagonal is a through waveguide (22), and the rectangular waveguide on the other diagonal is a torsional waveguide (23) which rotates by taking the vertical direction as an axis; the lower ports of the four rectangular waveguides are uniformly distributed, the upper ports are provided with short-circuit surfaces, the short-circuit surfaces are provided with coupling gaps (21), and the upper ports of the rectangular waveguides and the coupling gaps (21) are rotationally and symmetrically distributed around the central axis of the metal plate.
2. The W-band rotary circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array according to claim 1, wherein in the metal patch module (11), a first chamfer is provided at four vertexes of the outermost side, and a pair of diagonal patches which are not connected by a metal strip are provided with a second chamfer at a vertex close to the center of the metal patch module (11), and the second chamfer is larger than the first chamfer.
3. The W-band rotary circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array according to claim 1, wherein in the metal patch module (11), a metal strip connecting a pair of patches at diagonal positions is oriented toward the center of the dielectric substrate.
4. The W-band rotary circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the distribution positions of the vertical metal through holes (12) are axisymmetric with respect to two axes of the corresponding metal patch modules (11).
5. The W-band rotary circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the twisted waveguide (23) has a three-layer structure, the lower layer of the twisted waveguide (23) has a structure consistent with the through waveguide (22), the middle layer of the twisted waveguide has a twisted structure rotated by 45 degrees along the vertical central axis of the twisted waveguide (23), and the upper layer of the twisted waveguide has a rectangular waveguide structure rotated by 90 degrees along the vertical central axis of the twisted waveguide (23) and has a size consistent with that of the lower layer.
6. The W-band rotary circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array according to claim 5, wherein the torsion structure is a bow-tie structure, i.e., the two ends are wide, the middle is narrow, the length direction is a diagonal direction, and the width increases from the middle to the two ends in a streamline manner.
7. The W-band rotary circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array according to claim 1, wherein a non-diagonal central axis of the metal patch module (11), a longitudinal central axis of the coupling slot (21) corresponding to the metal patch module (11), a longitudinal central axis of the through waveguide (22) corresponding to the metal patch module (11), and a longitudinal central axis of the twisted waveguide (23) corresponding to the metal patch module (11) coincide with each other.
8. The W-band rotary circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the four rectangular waveguides are respectively fed with constant-amplitude excitation with a phase gradient in a rotating manner, and the excitation phases are sequentially 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °.
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| CN202310063309.4A CN115939782A (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | W-band rotary type circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array |
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| CN202310063309.4A CN115939782A (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | W-band rotary type circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117199839A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-08 | 国擎(山东)信息科技有限公司 | Circularly polarized frequency division antenna device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117199839A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-08 | 国擎(山东)信息科技有限公司 | Circularly polarized frequency division antenna device |
| CN117199839B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2024-03-15 | 国擎(山东)信息科技有限公司 | Circularly polarized frequency division antenna device |
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