CN113690584A - Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on substrate integrated ridge waveguide - Google Patents
Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on substrate integrated ridge waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN113690584A CN113690584A CN202110808133.1A CN202110808133A CN113690584A CN 113690584 A CN113690584 A CN 113690584A CN 202110808133 A CN202110808133 A CN 202110808133A CN 113690584 A CN113690584 A CN 113690584A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
Abstract
The invention provides a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on a substrate integrated ridge waveguide, which comprises an excitation structure and a radiation structure, wherein the radiation structure comprises a first layer of dielectric plate, a second layer of dielectric plate and metal columns which are periodically arranged, the first layer of dielectric plate is provided with a plurality of radiation units, each radiation unit comprises a plurality of collinear radiation gaps, the second layer of dielectric plate is positioned below the first layer of dielectric plate, the second layer of dielectric plate is provided with a meandering ridge metal strip for turbulent flow, the number of the ridge metal strips is equal to that of the radiation units, and each ridge metal strip is arranged corresponding to each radiation unit; the excitation structure comprises grounding coplanar waveguides, the number of the grounding coplanar waveguides is equal to that of the radiation units, and the radiation units are fed through the grounding coplanar waveguides. The invention can realize small volume, high isolation, high gain, wide scanning and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of millimeter wave antennas, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on a substrate integrated ridge waveguide.
Background
Antennas are indispensable components of wireless systems, whereas scanning phased array antennas are an important type of antenna. The phased array can change the direction of a high-gain wave beam or form a specific wave beam shape according to requirements, and has important values for millimeter wave communication (including 5G/6G), radar, imaging, detection and other systems. Phased arrays are divided into one-dimensional and two-dimensional scans according to the dimensions of the beam scan. Although only one-way scanning can be realized, the required phase/amplitude control channels are few, the cost is lower, and therefore, the one-dimensional scanning phased array is more suitable for most millimeter wave wireless applications, such as 5G/6G millimeter wave terminals, small base stations and vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radars.
The existing phased array antenna research adopts different frequency bands and different implementation modes to present. The realization mode comprises the forms of waveguide slot array, microstrip paster, magnetoelectric dipole and the like. The scanning angle of the existing low-frequency-band phased array antenna can reach +/-90 degrees. Y.Wen et al in Wide-Beam SIW-Slot Antenna for Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array, in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Antennas, vol.15, pp.1638-1641,2016, doi:10.1109/LAWP.2016.2519938, have designed an 8 x 4 Slot Array in the 5.4-6.5GHz band, and have a 3dB roll-off scan Angle of + -71 °. H.Yang et al, in A Wide-Beam Antenna for Wide-Angle Scanning Linear Phased Arrays, in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.19, No.12, pp.2122-2126, Dec.2020, doi:10.1109/LAWP.2020.3024617, proposed a magneto-electric dipole Phased array Antenna, which respectively performed Scanning research on the E plane and the H plane, the H plane adopts 10-11.5GHz frequency band, the number of array elements is 12, and the Scanning Angle is + -90 °. The 5G Millimeter wave Phased Array Antenna proposed by M.U.Raza et al in Bandwidth Enhancement of 5G Millimeter-wave Phased Array Antenna for Mobile Communications,2019International Symposium on Antenna and amplification (ISAP),2019, pp.1-3 adopts the form of microstrip patch, effectively expands the Bandwidth to 18.3% by adding the form of parasitic elements, and realizes that the 3dB roll-off scanning angle realized by adopting 8 Array elements is only +/-10 degrees. However, the above scheme can only realize wide-angle scanning in a low frequency band, but cannot realize wide-angle scanning in a 5G millimeter wave frequency band.
Most of the existing researches on the substrate integrated ridge waveguide are focused on improving the bandwidth and reducing the sidelobe level, and the existing schemes for scanning the phased array are rare. For example, Mallahzadeh et al, in "ALow Cross-Polarization Slotted Ridged SIW Array Antenna Design With multiple Coupling configurations, in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.63, No.10, pp.4324-4333, Oct.2015, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2015.245252, propose a substrate integrated ridge waveguide collinear slot Antenna that achieves a relative bandwidth of only 6% at a center frequency of 10GHz and a maximum gain of 20dBi for Array elements With a minor lobe level of-25 dB and 8 × 8.
The bandwidth of the existing scheme is generally narrow. For example, to cover the bandwidth of 24.25-29.5GHz (about 20%) required by the 5G millimeter wave band of each country at present, the existing scheme is difficult to meet. In the design of a phased array antenna, the SIW column element width is wide, limiting its scanning performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on a substrate integrated ridge waveguide, which can realize small volume, high isolation, high gain, wide scanning and low cost.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the substrate integrated ridge waveguide comprises an excitation structure and a radiation structure,
the radiation structure comprises a first layer of dielectric slab, a second layer of dielectric slab and metal columns which are arranged periodically, wherein a plurality of radiation units are arranged on the first layer of dielectric slab, each radiation unit comprises a plurality of collinear radiation gaps, the second layer of dielectric slab is positioned below the first layer of dielectric slab, a meandering ridge metal strip for turbulent flow is arranged on the second layer of dielectric slab, the number of the ridge metal strips is equal to that of the radiation units, and each ridge metal strip is arranged corresponding to each radiation unit;
the excitation structure comprises grounding coplanar waveguides, the number of the grounding coplanar waveguides is equal to that of the radiation units, and the radiation units are fed through the grounding coplanar waveguides.
Further, each radiation unit is located at the center of the ridge metal strip arranged corresponding to the radiation unit.
Furthermore, the second dielectric plate is provided with periodically arranged metal columns on the inner side of each ridge metal strip, and the metal columns and the ridge metal strips are jointly equivalent to the ridges of the lower ridge waveguide.
Furthermore, partition walls are arranged between adjacent ridge metal strips and between adjacent radiation units.
Furthermore, a surface groove is formed in the first layer of dielectric slab, and a partition wall between adjacent radiation units on the first layer of dielectric slab is located in the surface groove.
Further, there are 4 radiating elements.
Further, there are 4 radiation slots in each radiation element.
Furthermore, the second layer of dielectric plate is provided with a switching ridge in a straight line direction at a position opposite to each row of radiation gaps, and the tail end of the switching ridge is connected with the head end of the ridge metal strip.
Further, the inner side of each adapting ridge is also provided with metal columns which are arranged periodically.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the collinear slit array by arranging the meandering ridge metal strip, thereby reducing the complexity of the design.
2. The design of the ridge structure reduces the unit width, and a wide-angle scanning waveguide slot array based on the PCB is realized.
3. Expanding the operating bandwidth by adding ridges inside the SIW; the unit width is reduced, and more design redundancy is provided for realizing wide-angle scanning of the phased array. A miniaturized, low-cost, high-efficiency phased array antenna is obtained.
4. The isolation wall is arranged to weaken the transmission of an electromagnetic field in the form of surface waves and the coupling of energy inside the medium, so that the port isolation is improved, and the scanning performance is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single radiating element provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a single ridge metal strip provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of an excitation structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a top view of a first dielectric slab according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a second layer dielectric slab according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a S parameter diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a Broadside directional gain diagram of the antenna in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of antenna radiation efficiency in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an antenna scan plane gain pattern in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the substrate integrated ridge waveguide provided by the invention includes an excitation structure 1 and a radiation structure 2.
The radiation structure comprises a first layer of dielectric plate 3, a second layer of dielectric plate 4 and metal columns 5 which are arranged periodically, wherein a plurality of radiation units 6 are arranged on the first layer of dielectric plate 3, each radiation unit 6 comprises a plurality of collinear radiation gaps 7, the second layer of dielectric plate 4 is positioned below the first layer of dielectric plate 3, a meandering ridge metal strip 8 for turbulent flow is arranged on the second layer of dielectric plate 4, the number of the ridge metal strips 8 is equal to that of the radiation units 6, and each ridge metal strip 8 is arranged corresponding to each radiation unit 6; the excitation structure 1 comprises grounded coplanar waveguides 9, the number of the grounded coplanar waveguides 9 is equal to the number of the radiating elements 6, and the corresponding radiating elements 6 are fed by the grounded coplanar waveguides 9.
In one embodiment of the invention, the provided millimeter wave collinear slot array antenna based on the substrate integrated ridge waveguide works at the millimeter wave frequency band of 26.5-29.5GHz, a double-layer substrate planar circuit process of Rogers4003C plate and a dielectric constant of 3.55 is adopted, and the thickness of each layer of dielectric plate is 0.813 mm. The technical scheme adopted by the invention mainly comprises the following three parts: designing a substrate integrated ridge waveguide collinear slit unit; designing an interconnection structure of the grounded coplanar waveguide and the substrate integrated ridge waveguide; and designing a collinear slit array.
Design of substrate integrated ridge waveguide collinear slot unit
The substrate integrated waveguide structure is completely integrated in a dielectric substrate, electromagnetic waves are bound in the dielectric substrate through two rows of metal through holes and upper and lower metal surfaces of the substrate, and the substrate integrated ridge waveguide (RSIW) is a structure which is equivalent to a waveguide ridge by embedding a row of periodically arranged metal columns in the dielectric substrate of the substrate integrated waveguide.
The designed substrate integrated ridge waveguide collinear slot unit (namely a radiation structure) comprises a first layer of dielectric plate 3 and a second layer of dielectric plate 4, wherein the substrate adopts Rogers RO4003C, the thickness of the substrate is 0.813mm, the dielectric constant is 3.55, and the loss tangent is 0.0027. The surface of the first layer of dielectric plate 3 is coated with copper, four collinear radiation gaps 7 are formed to be used as a radiation unit, and the lower surface of the first layer of dielectric plate is blank and is attached to the second layer of dielectric plate 4, and the structure is shown in fig. 2. The second layer dielectric plate 4 is provided with a metal layer ground 12, the upper surface of the second layer dielectric plate 4 is also provided with a plurality of meandering ridge metal strips 8 which play a role of turbulence, so that the distribution of current on the RSIW surface is not surface current corresponding to the TE10 mode of the original SIW, the radiation gap 7 is opened at the center position of each ridge change of the ridge metal strips 8, the left side and the right side of the transverse current are mutually offset, the radiation gap 7 opened at the center line can effectively cut the surface longitudinal current to radiate electromagnetic waves, a row of metal columns which are periodically arranged are additionally arranged on the inner side of the ridge metal strips 8 and positioned below the ridge metal strips 8, and the ridge equivalent to the lower ridge waveguide is defined as an equivalent ridge 13, and the structure is shown in FIG. 3.
Second, excitation structure
The feed portion is fed by a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) cascaded with a substrate-integrated ridge waveguide. The conventional GCPW model is shown in FIG. 4 (a). Because the other end is connected with RSIW, the waveguide width is relatively narrow, and a ridge needs to be added in GCPW, thereby realizing good cascade effect, namely, switching ridges which are in straight line trend are arranged on the second layer medium plate 4 at the position opposite to each row of radiation gaps, and the tail ends of the switching ridges are connected with the head ends of ridge metal strips. And the inner side of each adapting ridge and the lower part of each adapting ridge are also provided with metal columns which are arranged periodically. In one embodiment of the invention, the center line of the transition ridge is collinear with the center line of the ridge metal strip 8.
Three, wide angle scanning phased array design part
In the present invention, the radiation units are arranged in an array, specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the radiation units are arranged in a 4 × 4 array, that is, 4 radiation units are provided, each radiation unit includes 4 radiation slits, and the scanning of the array is realized by changing the amplitude and phase of each port (4 ports in this embodiment). In order to obtain a wide-angle scanning phased array, the array is required to have high isolation, the column unit has wide half-power beam width and small array element spacing.
In order to improve the isolation of the antenna, the isolation walls 10 are arranged between adjacent ridge metal strips and between adjacent radiation units, and the RSIW, namely the surface groove 11 is arranged on the upper surface of the first layer of dielectric plate 3 to improve the isolation and the scanning angle. Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, a row of periodically arranged dielectric through holes is drilled below the corresponding surface slot to form the isolation wall 10, which functions as a separation wall, further reduces the coupling between the ports, and improves the isolation.
Fig. 7-10 show simulated performance of the antenna. It can be seen that the antenna provided by the present embodiment can cover the frequency band range of 26.5-29.5GHz, with a relative bandwidth of about 10.7%.
Fig. 7 shows the isolation between adjacent ports of the antenna, and it can be seen that the isolation between 12 ports, 23 ports and 34 ports can be below 16 dB.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the actual gain of the antenna, and the gains corresponding to the upper and lower band limits are 13.2dBi @26.75GHz and 14.77dBi @29.5GHz, respectively. The gain is not changed greatly in a frequency band, because the antenna adopts a series-fed structure, a directional diagram has poor stability along with frequency, part of frequency points have relatively large changes, and the gain at 26.5GHz is 9.24 dBi.
Fig. 9 is a radiation efficiency diagram of the antenna, and most frequency points in the band can achieve more than 80% of radiation efficiency, and can achieve more than 70% of radiation efficiency in a frequency band of 26.5-26.75 GHz.
Fig. 10 shows the scanning area gain patterns of the antenna at three frequency points of 26.75, 28 and 29.5 GHz. It can be seen that at a low frequency of 26.75GHz, the 3dBi roll-off scan angle is ± 54.32 °; at the medium frequency of 28GHz, the roll-off scanning angle of 3dBi is +/-50.55 degrees; at a high frequency of 29.5GHz, the 3dBi roll-off scan angle is 50.
The embodiment of the invention realizes a waveguide slot scanning array with high gain, high efficiency and low cost. And the direct connection with the grounded coplanar waveguide in a series feed mode reduces the interconnection loss. The design of the ridge structure reduces the unit width, and a wide-angle scanning waveguide slot array based on a PCB is realized. The design of the serpentine ridge realizes a collinear gap array, and reduces the complexity of the design.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the substrate integrated ridge waveguide is characterized by comprising an excitation structure and a radiation structure,
the radiation structure comprises a first layer of dielectric slab, a second layer of dielectric slab and metal columns which are arranged periodically, wherein a plurality of radiation units are arranged on the first layer of dielectric slab, each radiation unit comprises a plurality of collinear radiation gaps, the second layer of dielectric slab is positioned below the first layer of dielectric slab, a meandering ridge metal strip for turbulent flow is arranged on the second layer of dielectric slab, the number of the ridge metal strips is equal to that of the radiation units, and each ridge metal strip is arranged corresponding to each radiation unit;
the excitation structure comprises grounding coplanar waveguides, the number of the grounding coplanar waveguides is equal to that of the radiation units, and the radiation units are fed through the grounding coplanar waveguides.
2. The substrate integrated ridge waveguide-based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein each radiation element is located at a center position of a ridge metal strip disposed corresponding thereto.
3. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide-based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric plate is provided with periodically arranged metal pillars on the inner side of each ridge metal strip, and the metal pillars and the ridge metal strips are jointly equivalent to the ridges of the lower ridge waveguide.
4. The substrate integrated ridge waveguide-based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a separation wall is provided between adjacent ridge metal strips and between adjacent radiation elements.
5. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide-based millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the first dielectric plate is further provided with a surface groove, and a separation wall between adjacent radiating elements on the first dielectric plate is located in the surface groove.
6. The substrate integrated ridge waveguide-based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased-array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the partition wall is formed by a plurality of dielectric through holes arranged periodically.
7. The substrate integrated ridge waveguide-based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein there are 4 radiating elements.
8. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide-based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 7, wherein there are 4 radiating slots in each radiating element.
9. The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the substrate integrated ridge waveguide as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a straight-line-oriented transition ridge is further provided on the second dielectric plate at a position opposite to each row of the radiation slots, and the tail end of the transition ridge is connected with the head end of the ridge metal strip.
10. The substrate integrated ridge waveguide-based millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 9, wherein the inner side of each transition ridge is also provided with periodically arranged metal posts.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114824758A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-29 | 南京理工大学 | Low-profile miniaturized wide-bandwidth beam antenna |
| CN115425409A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Waveguide slot energy selection antenna |
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Cited By (2)
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Application publication date: 20211123 |