CN111786097A - Waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna - Google Patents
Waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111786097A CN111786097A CN202010529218.1A CN202010529218A CN111786097A CN 111786097 A CN111786097 A CN 111786097A CN 202010529218 A CN202010529218 A CN 202010529218A CN 111786097 A CN111786097 A CN 111786097A
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- waveguide
- ridge
- ridge waveguide
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- millimeter wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
Abstract
The invention discloses a waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna, which comprises a PCB structure and a metal ridge waveguide structure, wherein the PCB structure comprises a dielectric plate, and the dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip line switching structure; the metal ridge waveguide structure is longitudinally and collinearly slotted, the metal ridge waveguide structure is provided with a ridge waveguide switching structure, the metal ridge waveguide structure is arranged on the dielectric plate, and the ridge waveguide switching structure is connected with the microstrip line switching structure. The invention has the advantages of high efficiency, wide half-power lobe width, low side lobe, integration with a PCB (printed circuit board), and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronic communication, in particular to a waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna.
Background
Millimeter wave antennas have become the mainstream of research in the field of antenna design because of their advantages of small component size, high spatial resolution, strong interference rejection, and the like. Compared with a common patch array antenna, the waveguide slot array antenna has the advantages of high antenna efficiency, stable performance, compact structure, easiness in realizing narrow-beam high gain, easiness in controlling aperture field distribution and the like, and becomes an optimal form for vehicle-mounted, airborne and imaging technologies and the like in millimeter wave radar application. The traditional rectangular cavity waveguide slot array antenna is always a hot point for the research of the waveguide slot array antenna, and the slot position can be divided into two forms of wide-edge slot and narrow-edge slot. A ridge waveguide slot array antenna and a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna are derived in sequence. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna utilizes the characteristic that ridge waveguides have lower and stable phase shift constants, when the antenna is designed into a series-fed structure, the highest gain beam direction only brings lower deflection angle along with the change of frequency, and the directional diagram has stronger stability. The SIW slot array antenna overcomes part of the defects of the waveguide slot array antenna, and has the advantages of a microstrip patch antenna, such as low profile, easiness in manufacturing, easiness in conformal and easiness in chip integration.
The slot form of the waveguide slot array antenna is usually a left-right staggered slot form, and the amplitude of the radiation intensity of each slot is controlled by controlling the offset distance between each slot and the longitudinal central axis of the waveguide, so that the side lobe level of the main plane (H plane) is adjusted. The disadvantage of this slotted form is that when the slot is offset a large vertical distance from the central axis, the antenna will produce other high grating lobes outside the main plane when in operation, where the highest side lobe level is difficult to locate and control. Therefore, researchers have developed waveguide collinear slot array antennas, in which the slot of the antenna is opened on the longitudinal central axis of the antenna structure, the waveguide unit is a ridge waveguide, and the opening surface is opposite to the ridge surface. Compared with a staggered slotted slot array antenna, the directional diagram of the waveguide collinear slot array antenna is relatively symmetrical, and the maximum sidelobe level can be positioned and evaluated on the main plane. The amplitude of the radiation intensity of the gap can be controlled by three modes of controlling the depth of the metal grooves on the two sides of the ridge, controlling the distance of the ridge deviating from the central axis of the waveguide and controlling the thickness of the side wall of the waveguide, and when the amplitude of the radiation intensity of the gap presents a certain proportion, the aim of inhibiting the level of the side lobe can be achieved. However, when the above solutions of the collinear slot are applied to the design of the millimeter wave frequency band, the processing precision of the metal waveguide of the collinear slot array antenna is difficult to be ensured.
The disadvantages of the prior art are as follows:
(1) traditional cavity waveguide slot array antenna: the antenna is difficult to integrate on a PCB board and is interconnected with a chip, and a mode of directly feeding power by a waveguide needs to design a plurality of layers of metal waveguides, so that the processing difficulty is high, the antenna structure is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the application range is limited. When the narrow edge is used for slotting, higher cross polarization can be generated;
(2) ridge waveguide slot array antenna: the defects are similar to those of the traditional cavity slot array antenna;
(3) SIW slot array antenna: full medium filling, large medium loss and low radiation efficiency. In addition, the radiation aperture transverse field distribution is difficult to control due to the limitation of the two-dimensional structure.
The slotting mode of the three slot array antennas is generally a staggered slotting mode, the symmetry of a directional diagram is poor, secondary high side lobes can be generated outside a main plane, and the spatial highest side lobes are difficult to accurately position and control.
Therefore, in order to realize the collinear slotting form of the waveguide and overcome the problems that the waveguide slot array antenna is difficult to integrate with a PCB in millimeter wave application, the waveguide processing is complex, the processing precision requirement is high and the like, the novel waveguide millimeter wave slot array radar antenna is invented.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna which is easy to integrate with a PCB and has the characteristics of low cost, low side lobe and stable directional diagram.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna includes,
the PCB structure comprises a dielectric plate, wherein the dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip line switching structure;
the metal ridge waveguide structure is longitudinally and collinearly slotted, the metal ridge waveguide structure is provided with a ridge waveguide switching structure, the metal ridge waveguide structure is arranged on the dielectric plate, and the ridge waveguide switching structure is connected with the microstrip line switching structure.
The microstrip line switching structure is composed of a 50 ohm matching microstrip line, a quarter-wavelength microstrip line impedance transformation section and a microstrip line with the same width as the ridge on the ridge waveguide, which are connected in sequence.
The ridge waveguide switching structure is specifically a stepped structure and is divided into three steps, wherein the first step is connected with the microstrip line, the second step is a transition switching structure for reducing structure mutation, and the third step is connected with the ridge waveguide.
The dielectric plate is provided with ridge waveguide lower ridges distributed in a curve, and the ridge waveguide lower ridges are formed in a ridge mode by adopting metal through holes.
The lower ridge of the ridge waveguide controls the energy radiated by the gap to meet Chebyshev distribution or Taylor distribution through torsional deformation.
The longitudinal collinear slotting of the metal ridge waveguide structure is characterized in that ten slots are formed in the ridge part along the direction of a longitudinal central axis.
Parallel lines formed by metal through holes are arranged on two sides of the ridge waveguide lower ridge and used for fixing the PCB structure and the metal ridge waveguide structure.
The diameter of the metal through holes is 0.36mm, and the hole distance is equal to about twice the hole diameter.
The length of the gap is 1.89mm, and the width is 0.3 mm.
The microstrip line switching structure is 10.84mm long, and the metal waveguide is 14.27mm long.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the microstrip line switching structure is arranged, and the double-ridge waveguide is subjected to series feed through the switching structure, so that lower insertion loss and lower return loss are realized, the design complexity of the traditional waveguide antenna is reduced, the integration level of the antenna and a PCB (printed circuit board) is improved, and the direct interconnection and integration of the PCB and the waveguide are realized;
(2) the antenna adopts a series feed mode. Because the waveguide structure is a double-ridge waveguide filled with partial medium, the double-ridge waveguide has lower single-mode cut-off frequency, wider main mode working area and stable phase constant, and thus compared with a cavity waveguide slot array and a single-ridge waveguide slot array of a series-fed structure, the antenna beam directivity is more stable;
(3) the amplitude of the gap radiation intensity is controlled by the position of the through hole on the PCB, compared with the mode of realizing collinear adjustment of the gap amplitude by all-metal waveguide, the PCB has higher processing precision and easier manufacture. In addition, most energy of electromagnetic waves is gathered at the air part of the waveguide in a mode of forming ridges by adding through holes on the PCB, and compared with the traditional SIW antenna array, the dielectric loss generated in the transmission process of the electromagnetic waves is reduced, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved;
(4) the radiation gaps are arranged in a collinear mode, an antenna directional diagram is highly symmetrical, and the level of the side lobe can be positioned and evaluated on a main plane (H plane).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a metal ridge waveguide structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the metal ridge waveguide structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a metal ridge waveguide decoupling strand of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a PCB board of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the PCB of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an exploded view of the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the microstrip transition structure of the present invention with a metal ridge waveguide;
FIG. 9 is a plot of return loss S11 and insertion loss S21 for the microstrip-to-waveguide structure of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the present invention;
FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 are normalized gain diagrams for 76GHz, 78GHz and 80GHz operation, respectively, for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a gain diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, which operates at 76GHz, 78GHz, and 80GHz in the H-plane direction (phi is 0 °), where the maximum beam pointing deflection angle range is-1.3 ° to 0.1 °, and the beam pointing is relatively stable;
fig. 15 is a simulation graph of antenna gain as a function of frequency for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-8, a waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna is in the form of a partially dielectric filled dual ridge waveguide collinear slot antenna for vehicular use. The specific structure comprises a PCB structure and a metal ridge waveguide structure 7, wherein the two parts form part of medium filled double ridge waveguides through welding or screw fixation, the structure of the whole antenna can be obtained, and the whole antenna is provided with a wave port I5 and a wave port II 8.
The PCB structure comprises a dielectric plate, wherein the dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip line switching structure 2, and the microstrip line switching structure consists of a 50-ohm matching microstrip line, a quarter-wavelength microstrip line impedance transformation section and a microstrip line 6 which is equal to the ridge width of the ridge waveguide and is sequentially connected. The microstrip line switching structure carries out series feed on the metal ridge waveguide structure (waveguide radiating unit).
The dielectric plate is coated with copper.
The lower ridge of the ridge waveguide is arranged on the dielectric plate and distributed in a curve mode, the lower ridge 4 of the ridge waveguide is in a ridge forming mode through metal through holes, the amplitude of the radiation intensity of each gap is adjusted by changing the positions of the ridges of the metal through holes on the PCB, the distribution is distributed to a certain degree, the distribution meets Chebyshev or Taylor distribution, lower side lobe levels are obtained, and the radiation energy of each gap is determined by the twisting degree of the lower ridge. The PCB and the metal single-ridge waveguide are combined to form a partial medium filling double-ridge waveguide which has lower single-mode cut-off frequency and a dispersion curve which changes slowly with the frequency.
Parallel lines formed by the metal through holes 3 are arranged on two sides of the lower ridge of the ridge waveguide and are used for fixing the PCB structure and the metal ridge waveguide structure.
The diameter of the metal through hole on the medium plate is 0.36mm, and the hole distance is equal to about twice the hole diameter.
The metal ridge waveguide structure is longitudinally collinear and slotted, the metal ridge waveguide structure is provided with a ridge waveguide switching structure, the metal ridge waveguide structure is arranged on a dielectric slab and connected with a microstrip line switching structure, and the metal ridge waveguide structure is a double-ridge structure and comprises an upper ridge of ridge waveguide and a lower ridge of ridge waveguide.
The ridge waveguide switching structure is designed into a step-type structure at a contact port of the metal ridge waveguide and the microstrip line, so that lower insertion loss and lower return loss are realized. The ladder-type structure is located on the longitudinal centerline of the metal ridge waveguide structure, is located at the front end of the waveguide structure and is divided into three steps, the first step is connected with the microstrip line and is consistent with the width of the connecting microstrip line, the second step is a transition conversion structure to reduce structure mutation, and the third step is connected with the upper ridge in the double-ridge waveguide.
The metal ridge waveguide structure is longitudinally collinear and slotted, and specifically, ten gaps 1 are formed in the ridge portion along the direction of a longitudinal central axis, and the ten gaps are arranged at certain intervals in a straight line shape. Each slot has a length of 1.89mm and a width of 0.3 mm. The entire slotted metal waveguide is made of copper.
The dielectric slab is Rogers 3003, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric slab is 3, the electric loss tangent of the dielectric slab is 0.0013, and the thickness of the dielectric slab is 0.254 mm.
In this embodiment, the length of the microstrip transition structure is 10.84mm, and the length of the metal waveguide is 14.27 mm.
In this embodiment, the 50 ohm matching microstrip line is connected to one side of the dielectric slab, a part of the microstrip line having the same width as the ridge of the ridge waveguide is disposed between the two parallel lines, and the microstrip line switching structure and the ridge waveguide lower ridge are both located on the longitudinal middle line of the dielectric slab.
The radiating element of the embodiment is realized by filling a part of medium in a double-ridge waveguide collinear slot. The double ridges ensure that the electromagnetic wave has lower single-mode cut-off frequency and stable phase shift constant in the band when being transmitted in the waveguide, so that the maximum beam pointing direction of the antenna has smaller deviation angle along with the change of the frequency and has relatively stable directivity;
the following is a detailed description of the results of examples of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention utilizes simulation software to simulate the return loss, the insertion loss, the efficiency, the directional diagram and the gain of the waveguide millimeter wave radar slot array antenna.
Fig. 9 is a return loss S11 and insertion loss S21 curve of the interposer fabric provided in the example. As can be seen from the graph, in the frequency band of 70GHz to 85GHz, the return loss S11< -10dB and the insertion loss S21<0.63 dB.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 76GHz to 80.25GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 5.45%.
Fig. 11 to 13 are normalized gain diagrams of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention operating at 76GHz, 78GHz, and 80GHz, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, the level of the side lobe in the H-plane direction (phi is 0 °) is lower than-20 dB, and a good side lobe suppression effect is achieved; the half-power beam widths in the E-plane direction (phi 90 deg.) are all greater than 120 deg..
Fig. 14 is a gain diagram of the antenna operating at 76GHz, 78GHz, and 80GHz in the H-plane direction (phi is 0 °), respectively, where the maximum beam pointing deflection angle range is-1.3 ° to 0.1 °, and the beam pointing is relatively stable.
Fig. 15 is a simulation graph providing antenna gain as a function of frequency in an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen, the in-band gain range of the antenna from 76GHz to 80.25GHz is 13.5dBi to 13.9 dBi.
The simulation result shows that the waveguide collinear slot array millimeter wave radar antenna has the remarkable advantages of easiness in integration with a PCB, low sidelobe, wide beam and the like.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna, comprising,
the PCB structure comprises a dielectric plate, wherein the dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip line switching structure;
the metal ridge waveguide structure is longitudinally and collinearly slotted, the metal ridge waveguide structure is provided with a ridge waveguide switching structure, the metal ridge waveguide structure is arranged on the dielectric plate, and the ridge waveguide switching structure is connected with the microstrip line switching structure.
2. The waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip line transition structure is formed by sequentially connecting a 50 ohm matching microstrip line, a quarter-wavelength microstrip line impedance transformation section and a microstrip line with the same width as the ridge on the ridge waveguide.
3. The waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 2, wherein the ridge waveguide transition structure is a stepped structure, and is divided into three steps, a first step is connected with the microstrip line, a second step is a transition structure to reduce structural abrupt change, and a third step is connected with the ridge waveguide.
4. The waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 1, wherein ridge waveguide lower ridges are arranged on the dielectric plate and distributed in a curved manner, and the ridge waveguide lower ridges are formed in a ridge manner by using metal through holes.
5. The waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna of claim 4, wherein the ridge below the ridge waveguide controls the energy radiated from the slot to satisfy Chebyshev distribution or Taylor distribution by distortion.
6. The waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal collinear slots of the metal ridge waveguide structure are ten slots along a longitudinal central axis of the ridge.
7. The waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 4, wherein parallel lines formed by metal through holes are arranged on two sides of the lower ridge of the ridge waveguide for fixing the PCB structure and the metal ridge waveguide structure.
8. A waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 4 or 7, wherein the diameter of the metal through holes is 0.36mm, and the hole pitch is equal to about twice the hole diameter.
9. A waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 6, wherein the slot has a length of 1.89mm and a width of 0.3 mm.
10. The waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip transition structure has a length of 10.84mm, and the metal waveguide has a length of 14.27 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010529218.1A CN111786097A (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2020-06-11 | Waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010529218.1A CN111786097A (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2020-06-11 | Waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna |
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| CN111786097A true CN111786097A (en) | 2020-10-16 |
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| CN202010529218.1A Pending CN111786097A (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2020-06-11 | Waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113690584A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on substrate integrated ridge waveguide |
-
2020
- 2020-06-11 CN CN202010529218.1A patent/CN111786097A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113690584A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on substrate integrated ridge waveguide |
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