CN108736153B - Three-frequency low-profile patch antenna - Google Patents

Three-frequency low-profile patch antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108736153B
CN108736153B CN201810385248.2A CN201810385248A CN108736153B CN 108736153 B CN108736153 B CN 108736153B CN 201810385248 A CN201810385248 A CN 201810385248A CN 108736153 B CN108736153 B CN 108736153B
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rectangular
antenna
metal
rectangular gap
radiation patch
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CN108736153A (en
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刘能武
聂清
陈鑫鹏
傅光
陈曦
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Xidian University
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Abstract

The invention provides a three-frequency low-profile patch antenna, which comprises a dielectric plate, a metal radiation patch printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate and a metal floor printed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate; a first rectangular gap is etched in the center of the metal radiation patch, and a second rectangular gap parallel to the first rectangular gap is etched on each of two sides of the first rectangular gap; a coaxial connector and at least two short-circuit components are respectively arranged at the position between the first rectangular gap and the two second rectangular gaps on the medium plate; the inner conductor of the coaxial connector is connected with the metal radiation patch, and the outer conductor of the coaxial connector is connected with the metal floor; and the short-circuit part is used for realizing short-circuit connection between the metal radiation patch and the metal floor. The antenna of the invention realizes stable high gain and the same radiation wave beam in three independent frequency bands.

Description

Three-frequency low-profile patch antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a tri-band low-profile patch antenna which can be used for a wireless communication system.
Background
The patch antenna is formed by attaching a metal thin layer on one surface of a thin medium substrate as a grounding plate, manufacturing a metal patch with a certain shape on the other surface by using an etching method and feeding the patch by using a microstrip line or a coaxial probe. The wireless communication system has the characteristics of low profile, small volume, simple structure, easy integration and the like, and is widely applied to the wireless communication system.
As wireless communication systems are miniaturized and become multifunctional, the systems usually operate in multiple operating frequency bands to save cost and space. Accordingly, multi-frequency antennas have become an important research direction in the antenna field. The signal coverage of a wireless system is greatly affected by the gain and beam width of the antenna itself. The gain of the three-band antenna proposed in the prior art is greatly different in different frequency bands, and corresponding compensation needs to be performed in a subsequent radio frequency circuit, so that the design difficulty is increased, and the realization of system miniaturization is not facilitated. In order to make the wireless signals have the same coverage effect in three different operating frequency bands, the antenna should have the same radiation characteristics in the three operating frequency bands, and the beam widths of the antenna in the prior art in the three frequency bands are greatly different, so that the requirement cannot be met.
In 2014, li jinshen at the chinese metrological institute discloses a homodromous open-ended loop-shaped tri-band microstrip antenna in patent document CN203434274U, wherein the antenna is composed of two open-ended rectangular loop patches, a rectangular connecting line, an impedance matching input transmission line and a notched annular ground plate. The antenna works in 3.024 GHz-4.208 GHz, 6.552 GHz-6.816 GHz and 8.736 GHz-9.136 GHz. But the gain in the working frequency band is very low, the directional diagram not only has great change of beam width, but also has serious distortion, and the practical value is lower.
In 2015, zhenghongxing et al disclosed a triple-band antenna with multiple rectangular slots on its edge in CN 204732535U. The antenna consists of a dielectric substrate, a microstrip feeder line, a radiation patch and a ground plane, wherein the radiation patch is connected with the microstrip feeder line and is respectively printed on two sides of the dielectric substrate together with the ground plane. The antenna can work in X wave band, C wave band and Ku wave band. The problems of low gain and serious pattern distortion also exist.
Therefore, designing an antenna capable of operating in three frequency bands and having stable radiation performance is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of antenna technology, and has great practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tri-band low-profile patch antenna aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the current distribution and the field distribution of the antenna in different resonance modes are changed by loading a rectangular slot and a short-circuit part on a metal radiation patch, so that the effects of improving low-frequency gain and inhibiting high-frequency side lobes are achieved, and finally, the stable gain and radiation pattern of the antenna in three different working frequency bands are achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention comprises a dielectric plate, a metal radiation patch printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate and a metal floor board printed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate;
a first rectangular gap is etched in the center of the metal radiation patch, and a second rectangular gap parallel to the first rectangular gap is etched on each of two sides of the first rectangular gap; a coaxial connector and at least two short-circuit components are respectively arranged at the position between the first rectangular gap and the two second rectangular gaps on the medium plate; the inner conductor of the coaxial connector is connected with the metal radiation patch, and the outer conductor of the coaxial connector is connected with the metal floor; the short-circuit component is used for realizing short-circuit connection between the metal radiation patch and the metal floor;
the metal radiation patch adopts a rectangular patch with the center coinciding with the center of the surface of the dielectric plate;
the center of the first rectangular gap is superposed with the center of the rectangular metal radiation patch;
the second rectangular gaps etched on the two sides of the first rectangular gap are symmetrical relative to the first rectangular gap, and the length of the second rectangular gap is greater than that of the first rectangular gap;
the distance between the first rectangular slot and the second rectangular slot etched on the two sides is S, S is more than or equal to 0.08 lambda and less than or equal to 0.32 lambda, and lambda represents the central frequency wavelength of the middle frequency band of the tri-frequency low-profile patch antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the first rectangular gap is etched in the center of the metal radiation patch, the second rectangular gap parallel to the first rectangular gap is etched on each of two sides of the first rectangular gap, and by adjusting the lengths of the first rectangular gap and the second rectangular gap and the distance between the first rectangular gap and the second rectangular gap, higher gain and stable beam width can be obtained at medium-high frequency, the problem of pattern distortion in the prior art is solved, so that the antenna has the same beam width in three working frequency bands, and the signal coverage capability of the antenna is improved.
2. The invention is provided with the short-circuit part, and the position of the short-circuit part relative to the center of the metal radiation patch can be adjusted, so that the low-frequency gain is improved, the problem of lower gain of the antenna in a low-frequency band in the prior art is solved, and the antenna obtains good low-frequency impedance matching.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of differential reflection coefficients for an antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern for the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the gain of the inventive antenna in the operating band.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
example 1:
with reference to FIG. 1
The invention comprises a dielectric plate 1, a metal radiation patch 2 printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 1 and a metal floor 3 on the lower surface; the dielectric plate is characterized in that the metal radiation patch 2 is a rectangular patch with the center coinciding with the center of the surface of the dielectric plate 1, a first rectangular gap 22 with the center coinciding with the center of the rectangular metal radiation patch 2 is etched on the metal radiation patch 2, second rectangular gaps 21 are symmetrically formed on two sides of the first rectangular gap 22 relative to the first rectangular gap 22, and the length of the first rectangular gap 22 is greater than that of the second rectangular gap 21; a coaxial connector 5 and at least two short-circuit components 4 are respectively arranged on the dielectric plate 1 between the first rectangular gap 22 and the two second rectangular gaps 21; the inner conductor of the coaxial connector 5 is connected with the metal radiation patch 2, and the outer conductor is connected with the metal floor 3; and the short-circuit part 4 is used for realizing short-circuit connection between the metal radiation patch 2 and the metal floor 3.
The shorting member may be a metalized via implemented by printed circuit board technology, or may be other forms of columnar metal. In order to obtain a good short circuit effect and reduce the processing difficulty, the number of the short circuit parts is 4 in the embodiment;
the coaxial connector is used for realizing differential feeding to the antenna, namely the input signals of two feeding points have the same amplitude and the opposite phases so as to inhibit an unnecessary even-order resonant mode and reduce the influence on an antenna radiation pattern.
Referring to fig. 2, the length of the first rectangular slot is denoted as L1, and L1 is smaller than the side length of the rectangular metal radiation patch, so as to avoid abrupt changes of field distribution and current distribution caused by cutting off the metal radiation patch, which leads to distortion of an antenna radiation pattern.
Original high frequency resonance mode TM12The directional diagram of the mode is sunken in the maximum radiation direction, so that the high-frequency gain is low, and the arrangement of the first rectangular slot introduces a new radiation field and TM12Superposition of radiation fields of modes such that TM12The problem of mode direction diagram invagination is solved, thereby effectively improving a high-frequency directional diagram and increasing high-frequency band gain.
The length of the second rectangular slot is indicated as L2. The second rectangular gap extends the TM30The current path of the mode effectively inhibits the sidelobe level and compresses the intermediate frequency beam width. To avoid too narrow an intermediate frequency beamwidth, L2 should not be greater than the length L1 of the first rectangular slot.
The second rectangular gap is parallel to the first rectangular gap and symmetrically distributed relative to the first rectangular gap, the distance between the second rectangular gap and the first rectangular gap is S, S is more than or equal to 0.08 lambda and less than or equal to 0.32 lambda, and lambda represents the central frequency wavelength of the middle frequency band of the tri-frequency low-profile patch antenna.
TM can be effectively changed by adjusting the spacing S30The resonant frequency of the mode, thereby controlling the intermediate frequency gain. In this embodiment, the distance S between the second rectangular slot and the first rectangular slot is 18mm, and the central frequency wavelength λ of the middle band is 60.9mm, and S is equal to 0.3 λ.
Example 2:
this embodiment has the same structure as embodiment 1, and only the following parameters are adjusted:
referring to fig. 2, the second rectangular slot is spaced from the first rectangular slot by a distance S of 5.2mm, and when the center frequency wavelength λ of the middle band is 65.2mm, S is equal to 0.08 λ.
Example 3:
this embodiment has the same structure as embodiment 1, and only the following parameters are adjusted:
referring to fig. 2, the second rectangular slot is spaced from the first rectangular slot by a distance S of 19.2mm, and the center frequency wavelength λ of the middle band is 60mm, and S is equal to 0.32 λ.
The invention is further described with reference to figures 3, 4 and 5:
referring to fig. 3, the antenna in embodiment 1 is simulated by using an electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS modeling, and the obtained differential reflection coefficient curve is shown in fig. 3, wherein the abscissa represents frequency and the ordinate represents the antenna differential reflection coefficient, and it can be seen from the figure that the antenna is well matched in three WLAN frequency bands, namely 2.45GHz, 5.1GHz and 5.8GHz, and the reflection coefficient is less than-10 dB, so that stable operation in three frequency bands can be realized.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna in embodiment 1, where fig. 4a shows a function curve of the E-plane antenna gain as a function of angle change, and fig. 4b shows a function curve of the H-plane antenna gain as a function of angle change, in the above two observation planes, normal gains and beam widths of three working frequency bands of the antenna are equal, and main beams are quite identical.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a graph of gain curves of the antenna of example 1, in which the abscissa represents frequency and the ordinate represents antenna gain, and it can be seen that the minimum gain of the antenna reaches 7.9dBi and the maximum gain is 8.4dBi in three WLAN frequency bands, namely 2.45GHz, 5.1GHz and 5.8GHz, and the gain in the three operating frequency bands is high and stable.
In summary, the tri-band low-profile patch antenna provided by the invention can simultaneously realize stable high gain and the same radiation beam in three independent frequency bands based on a simple structure, and is beneficial to improving the signal coverage problem of a wireless communication system. Meanwhile, the invention has the characteristics of low section, light weight, simple processing, low price and the like.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. A three-frequency low-profile patch antenna comprises a dielectric plate (1), a metal radiation patch (2) printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate (1) and a metal floor (3) printed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate; the dielectric plate is characterized in that the metal radiation patch (2) adopts a rectangular patch of which the center is coincided with the center of the surface of the dielectric plate (1), a first rectangular gap (22) of which the center is coincided with the center of the rectangular metal radiation patch (2) is etched on the metal radiation patch (2), second rectangular gaps (21) of which the two sides of the first rectangular gap (22) are symmetrical relative to the first rectangular gap (22), and the length of the first rectangular gap (22) is greater than that of the second rectangular gap (21); a coaxial connector (5) and at least two short-circuit components (4) are respectively arranged at the position, between the first rectangular gap (22) and the two second rectangular gaps (21), on the dielectric plate (1); the inner conductor of the coaxial connector (5) is connected with the metal radiation patch (2), and the outer conductor is connected with the metal floor (3); and the short-circuit part (4) is used for realizing short-circuit connection between the metal radiation patch (2) and the metal floor (3).
2. The triple-band low-profile patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first rectangular slot (22) is spaced from the second rectangular slots (21) etched on both sides by a distance S, wherein S is greater than or equal to 0.08 λ and less than or equal to 0.32 λ, and λ represents a center frequency wavelength of a middle band of the triple-band low-profile patch antenna.
CN201810385248.2A 2018-04-26 2018-04-26 Three-frequency low-profile patch antenna Active CN108736153B (en)

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CN109742536B (en) * 2019-02-22 2023-11-17 华南理工大学 WLAN/millimeter wave high-frequency-ratio three-frequency ceramic antenna
CN111146585B (en) * 2020-01-21 2023-02-17 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Antenna unit and antenna device
CN111541041B (en) * 2020-06-03 2022-04-15 深圳大学 Broadband patch antenna with stable high gain
CN113097713A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-07-09 中山大学 Broadband high-gain microstrip magnetic dipole antenna

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