CN211670320U - ISGW (integrated signal ground wire) beam scanning leaky-wave antenna - Google Patents

ISGW (integrated signal ground wire) beam scanning leaky-wave antenna Download PDF

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CN211670320U
CN211670320U CN202020240062.0U CN202020240062U CN211670320U CN 211670320 U CN211670320 U CN 211670320U CN 202020240062 U CN202020240062 U CN 202020240062U CN 211670320 U CN211670320 U CN 211670320U
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dielectric plate
isgw
wave antenna
leaky
layer
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丁扬扬
马祖辉
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Yunnan University YNU
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Abstract

The utility model discloses an ISGW wave beam scanning leaky-wave antenna, which adopts four dielectric slabs to form an integrated substrate gap waveguide leaky-wave antenna, wherein the ISGW comprises three dielectric slabs, namely a bottom dielectric slab with an electromagnetic band gap, a middle dielectric slab and an upper dielectric slab with a metal coating, 2 × N (N is a positive integer) dielectric slabs are etched on the metal layer of the upper dielectric slab of the ISGW
Figure DDA0002397097200000011
A metal slot passing through the two star-shaped slots along the microstrip lines at the bottom of the upper dielectric plate and on the upper surface of the middle dielectric plate when electromagnetic waves are transmittedElectromagnetic waves are radiated to the outside of the space through the gap to form the ISGW leaky-wave antenna. The utility model discloses based on ISGW leaky-wave antenna have gain height, interference killing feature strong, easily integrated, can realize from backward to advantages such as forward scanning ability, can be applied to millimeter wave wireless communication system.

Description

ISGW (integrated signal ground wire) beam scanning leaky-wave antenna
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a wireless communication antenna, especially an integrated substrate clearance waveguide (ISGW) beam scanning leaky-wave antenna structure based on PCB.
Background
The leaky-wave antenna has the advantages of good directivity, high gain, low cost and the like, and can realize frequency scanning in space, so that the leaky-wave antenna is widely applied to high-resolution radars, navigation antennas, conformal antennas on the surface of an aircraft and other different scenes. Up to now, many studies have been made on leaky-wave antennas operating in the millimeter-wave band. These antennas can be broadly classified into microstrip leaky-wave antennas, Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antennas, leaky-wave antennas based on composite left-right handed material (CLRH), and Gap Waveguide (GW) leaky-wave antennas. However, for an antenna operating in a millimeter wave band, the conventional leaky wave antenna has problems, such as that a pure metal structure is difficult to manufacture in the millimeter wave band, electromagnetic shielding performance of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) is not strong, and performance of a Gap Waveguide (GW) is unstable. In addition, in the modern society with large information explosion, with the rapid development of wireless communication technology, various mobile terminals have higher and higher requirements on the coverage area of wireless signals and the transmission rate of the wireless signals, but available frequency spectrum resources are less and less, and the proposal of the 5G technology also puts forward more strict requirements on communication equipment. The leaky-wave antenna has the characteristics of frequency sweeping property, good directivity and easiness in integration with a feed network, can effectively increase the coverage area of wireless signals, improves the multiplexing rate of a frequency space, and has wide research potential in a millimeter wave communication system.
In recent years, an Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) transmission line, which is implemented based on a multi-layer PCB dielectric board, is proposed to be divided into two structures of an Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) with a ridge and an Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) of a microstrip type. The ISGW with the ridge is generally composed of two layers of PCB dielectric plates, the outer side surface of the upper layer of PCB dielectric plate is fully coated with copper to form an ideal electric conductor (PEC), the lower layer of PCB dielectric plate is printed with a microstrip line, the microstrip line is provided with a series of metalized via holes and is connected with a lower metal ground to form a ridge-like structure, and periodic mushroom structures are arranged on two sides of the microstrip line to form an ideal magnetic conductor (PMC). Due to the EBG formed between the PEC and the PMC, electromagnetic waves (quasi-TEM waves) can only propagate along microstrip lines. However, in the Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) with the ridge, the microstrip ridge and the mushroom structure are on the same layer of the PCB, so the microstrip ridge is restricted by the mushroom structure and inconvenient routing affects the layout of the whole structure, and there is a limitation in practical application.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The invention of the utility model aims to: aiming at the existing problems, an ISGW wave beam scanning leaky-wave antenna is provided to solve the defects of complex structure, weak electromagnetic shielding performance and low gain of the existing leaky-wave antenna.
The utility model adopts the technical scheme as follows:
an ISGW (integrated signal ground wire) beam scanning leaky-wave antenna comprises a top-layer dielectric slab, an upper-layer dielectric slab and a lower-layer dielectric slab, wherein a gap exists between the upper-layer dielectric slab and the lower-layer dielectric slab; wherein:
the top dielectric plate is used as a radiation unit of the antenna and is used for improving the gain of the antenna;
a first copper clad layer is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric slab; n gap units are arranged on the first copper clad layer, N is a positive integer, and each gap unit comprises two
Figure BDA0002397097180000021
Forming a metal gap; the lower surface of the upper dielectric slab is provided with a feed microstrip line which penetrates through the whole upper dielectric slab; two of each pair of slit units
Figure BDA0002397097180000022
The shape metal gaps are arranged on two sides of the feed microstrip line; one end of the ports at the two ends of the feed microstrip line is used for connecting an excitation source, and the other end of the ports is used for connecting a matched load;
the lower surface of the lower dielectric slab is provided with a second copper clad layer, the lower dielectric slab is provided with an electromagnetic band gap structure array, and each electromagnetic band gap structure in the electromagnetic band gap structure array is connected with the second copper clad layer;
the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate form a whole, and the top dielectric plate is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate.
Furthermore, an insulating middle-layer dielectric plate is arranged between the upper-layer dielectric plate and the lower-layer dielectric plate, and two surfaces of the middle-layer dielectric plate are respectively connected with the upper-layer dielectric plate and the lower-layer dielectric plate.
Further, the EBG structure array is a mushroom-type EBG structure array.
Further, the structure of the mushroom-type EBG structure array is: a plurality of circular metal patches are arrayed on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate, metal through holes penetrate through the circular patches, the lower dielectric plate and the second copper clad layer at the centers of the circular metal patches, the metal through holes and the corresponding circular patches form an EBG structure, and the circular metal patches which are arrayed and the corresponding metal through holes form a mushroom-type EBG structure array.
Further, the distance between two slots 9 in each slot unit is 7.7mm, the projection distance of the physical midpoint of the two slots in each slot unit on the feed microstrip line is 3.85mm, the distance of the physical midpoint of the two slots in each slot unit deviating from the center line of the feed microstrip line is 3.85mm, the distance between each slot unit is 7.3mm, and the distance between the center of each slot unit and the physical center of the slot unit closest to the center of each slot unit is 13.7 mm.
Furthermore, the top dielectric plate adopts a Rogers3003 plate, and the upper dielectric plate, the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate all adopt Rogers RT/duroid5880 plates.
Furthermore, the thickness of the top dielectric plate is 0.762mm, and the thicknesses of the upper dielectric plate, the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate are respectively 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.813 mm.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the leaky-wave antenna adopts a multilayer structure design, has a simple structure, and can be flexibly designed with an EBG structure.
2. The leaky-wave antenna has the characteristics of high gain, wide bandwidth and strong electromagnetic shielding performance, and can realize frequency scanning from backward to forward.
3. The leaky-wave antenna is ingenious in hierarchical structure design, so that the whole structure is small and exquisite, and the leaky-wave antenna is easy to integrate with other planar circuits.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top surface view of an upper dielectric plate (6) of an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna.
Fig. 3 is a schematic lower surface view of an upper dielectric slab (6) of an ISGW leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a lower dielectric plate (1) of an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic lower surface view of a lower dielectric slab (1) of an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows the return loss and the reverse transmission coefficient of an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the total gain of an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows a scanning angle of an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna, including a top dielectric slab 10, an upper dielectric slab 6, and a lower dielectric slab 1, where a gap exists between the upper dielectric slab 6 and the lower dielectric slab 1; wherein:
the top dielectric plate 10 is a blank plate placed on top of the upper dielectric plate 6 and serves as a necessary radiating element of the antenna. The Rogers3003 plate with the thickness of 0.762mm is adopted, so that the antenna gain is improved, and the matching effect of the antenna is improved;
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 6 is provided with a first copper clad layer 8; n (N is positive) is formed on the first copper-clad layer 8Integer) of slit cells, each slit cell comprising two
Figure BDA0002397097180000051
A shaped metal slit 9; the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate 6 is provided with a feed microstrip line 11, which penetrates through the upper dielectric plate 6 and is separated from the first copper-clad layer 8 by the upper dielectric plate 6. Two of each pair of slit units
Figure BDA0002397097180000052
The metal slots 9 are arranged on both sides of the feed microstrip line 11, so that more electromagnetic energy is leaked and radiated outside the space. For the two ends 7 and 12 of the feed microstrip line 11, one end is used for connecting an excitation source, and the other end is used for connecting a matched load. For example, the first port is connected with the excitation source, and the second port is connected with a 50 ohm matched load, or the first port is connected with the 50 ohm matched load, and the second port is connected with the excitation source.
The lower surface of the lower dielectric slab 1 is provided with a second copper clad layer 2, an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure array is arranged on the lower dielectric slab 1, and each EBG structure in the EBG structure array is connected with the second copper clad layer 2.
The upper dielectric plate 6 and the lower dielectric plate 1 form a whole, and the top dielectric plate 10 is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 6.
The microstrip Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) structure comprises an upper dielectric plate 6, a lower dielectric plate 1, a first copper clad layer 8 and a feed microstrip line 11 which are arranged on the upper dielectric plate 6, an EBG structure array arranged on the lower dielectric plate 1, and a second copper clad layer 2 printed on the lower dielectric plate 1. The first copper clad layer 8 on the upper dielectric plate 6 is a perfect magnetic conductor (PEC), and the lower dielectric plate 1 corresponds to a Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC).
In one embodiment, the gap between the upper dielectric plate 6 and the lower dielectric plate 1 can be realized by arranging the middle dielectric plate 5. The middle dielectric plate 5 separates the upper dielectric plate 6 from the lower dielectric plate 1, so that a gap is formed between the upper dielectric plate 6 and the lower dielectric plate 1.
Example two
The present embodiment discloses the structure of an EBG structure array on the lower dielectric plate 1. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a plurality of circular metal patches 4 are arranged on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 1 in an array manner, metal via holes 3 are sequentially arranged in the centers of the circular metal patches 4 and sequentially penetrate through the circular metal patches 4, the upper dielectric plate 6 and the second copper clad layer 2, each circular patch and the corresponding metal via hole 3 form a mushroom-shaped EBG structure, and a plurality of EBG structure arrays are arranged to form an EBG structure array.
EXAMPLE III
This embodiment discloses
Figure BDA0002397097180000061
The arrangement of the metal slits 9 is formed. The method comprises the steps of arranging N (N is a positive integer) gap units on a first copper coating layer 8 of an upper dielectric plate 6 of an integrated substrate gap waveguide, wherein each gap unit comprises two
Figure BDA0002397097180000062
A metal slot 9, a feed microstrip line 11 passing through the whole upper dielectric plate 6, and all
Figure BDA0002397097180000063
The overall shape slot 9 is parallel to the feed microstrip line 11, the distance between two slots 9 in each slot unit is 7.7mm, the projection distance between the physical midpoint of two slots 9 in each slot unit on the feed microstrip line 11 is 3.85mm, the distance between the physical midpoint of two slots 9 in each slot unit and the center line of the feed microstrip line 11 is 3.85mm, the distance between each slot unit is 7.3mm, the distance between the center of two ends of the feed microstrip line and the physical center of the slot unit nearest to the center of the feed microstrip line is 13.7mm, and the distance between the port 7 and the port 12 and the physical center of the slot unit nearest to the port is 20.4 mm.
Example four
In this embodiment, N is 5, and 2 × 5 leaky-wave antennas are provided on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 6
Figure BDA0002397097180000064
The slots are distributed on the feed microstripThe EBG structures on the lower dielectric slab 1 on both sides of the line 11 are 18 × 6 arrays in one embodiment, the top dielectric slab 10 is a Rogers3003 slab with a thickness of 0.762mm, and the upper, middle and lower dielectric slabs 6, 5 and 1 are Rogers RT/duroid5880 slabs with thicknesses of 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.813mm, respectively.
The test results of an ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna with the above structure are shown in fig. 6 to 8. Test results show that the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 24-30GHz (the relative bandwidth is 22.2%); frequency scanning from back, through broadside to front, i.e., -11.8 ° to 7.2 °, can be achieved; the maximum gain of 15.5dB is achieved at 28GHz and 15dB at an operating frequency of 27 GHz. The experiment proves that the leaky-wave antenna can be applied to the working frequency band of a 5G millimeter wave communication system.
EXAMPLE five
The embodiment discloses an ISGW (integrated services gateway) beam scanning leaky-wave antenna.
For any of the above embodiments, when
Figure BDA0002397097180000071
The shape gap is fixed, and when the length of the feed microstrip line 11 is lengthened or shortened, the return loss changes obviously.
Based on the EBG structure array of the second embodiment, in practical applications, in order to obtain a required operating frequency band, the sizes of the circular patches and the metal vias 3 in the mushroom-shaped EBG structure and the period of the mushroom-shaped EBG structure need to be properly selected, so that the stop band of the EBG structure is adapted to the electromagnetic wave frequency band propagated by the Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW).
For any of the above embodiments, when other parameters are fixed and the spacing between each slot unit is increased, the antenna impedance bandwidth remains unchanged, the highest gain shifts to the matching end, the sidelobe level increases, and the scanning angle shifts to the matching end; when other parameters are fixed and the distance between the first port and the physical center of the slot closest to the first port is increased, the impedance bandwidth is kept unchanged, the highest gain is shifted to the matching end and gradually reduced, and when other parameters are fixed and the distance between the first port and the physical center of the slot closest to the first port is reduced, the impedance bandwidth is kept unchanged, and the highest gain is shifted to the feeding end and gradually reduced. When other parameters are fixed and the number of the slots (2 multiplied by N) is increased, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is kept unchanged, the gain is increased, the width of the main beam is reduced, and the scanning angle is increased; when other parameters are fixed and the number of the slots (2 multiplied by N) is reduced, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is kept unchanged, the gain is reduced, the width of the main beam is increased, and the scanning angle is reduced. The number of slots (2 × N) required can be selected according to the actual gain requirements.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An ISGW (integrated signal ground wire) beam scanning leaky-wave antenna is characterized by comprising a top-layer dielectric slab (10), an upper-layer dielectric slab (6) and a lower-layer dielectric slab (1), wherein a gap exists between the upper-layer dielectric slab (6) and the lower-layer dielectric slab (1); wherein:
the top dielectric plate (10) is used as a radiation unit of the antenna and is used for improving the gain of the antenna;
a first copper clad layer (8) is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate (6); the first copper clad layer (8) is provided with N gap units, N is a positive integer, and each gap unit comprises two
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA0002554149500000012
A shaped metal slit (9); a feed microstrip line (11) is arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric slab (6), and the feed microstrip line (11) penetrates through the whole upper-layer dielectric slab (6); two of each pair of slit units
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA0002554149500000011
The shape metal gaps (9) are arranged on both sides of the feed microstrip line (11); ports (7) at two ends of the feed microstrip line (11),12) One end of the transformer is used for connecting an excitation source, and the other end of the transformer is used for connecting a matched load;
a second copper clad layer (2) is arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric slab (1), an electromagnetic band gap structure array is arranged on the lower dielectric slab (1), and each electromagnetic band gap structure in the electromagnetic band gap structure array is connected with the second copper clad layer (2);
the upper-layer dielectric plate (6) and the lower-layer dielectric plate (1) form a whole, and the top-layer dielectric plate (10) is arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric plate (6).
2. The ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein an insulating middle dielectric plate (5) is disposed between the upper dielectric plate (6) and the lower dielectric plate (1), and two surfaces of the middle dielectric plate (5) are respectively connected to the upper dielectric plate (6) and the lower dielectric plate (1).
3. The ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said array of electromagnetic bandgap structures is a mushroom-type EBG structure array.
4. The ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mushroom-type EBG structure array has a structure of: a plurality of circular metal patches (4) are arrayed on the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate (1), metal through holes (3) are formed in the centers of the circular metal patches (4) and penetrate through the circular metal patches (4), the lower-layer dielectric plate (1) and the second copper-clad layer (2), the metal through holes (3) and the corresponding circular patches form an EBG structure, and the circular metal patches (4) arrayed and the corresponding metal through holes (3) form a mushroom-type EBG structure array.
5. The ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein a distance between two slots (9) in each slot unit is 7.7mm, projections of physical midpoints of the two slots (9) in each slot unit on the feed microstrip line (11) are 3.85mm apart, distances between the physical midpoints of the two slots (9) in each slot unit and a center line of the feed microstrip line (11) are both 3.85mm, the distance between each slot unit is 7.3mm, and distances between centers of two ends of the feed microstrip line (11) and a physical center of a slot unit closest to the center line are both 13.7 mm.
6. The ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the top dielectric plate (10) is made of Rogers3003 plate material, and the upper dielectric plate (6), the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate (1) are made of RogersRT/duroid5880 plate material.
7. An ISGW beam scanning leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 6, wherein the thickness of the top dielectric plate (10) is 0.762mm, and the thicknesses of the upper dielectric plate (6), the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate (1) are 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.813mm, respectively.
CN202020240062.0U 2020-03-02 2020-03-02 ISGW (integrated signal ground wire) beam scanning leaky-wave antenna Expired - Fee Related CN211670320U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112751183A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-05-04 南京理工大学 Wave beam scanning circular polarization leaky-wave antenna based on digital coding

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112751183A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-05-04 南京理工大学 Wave beam scanning circular polarization leaky-wave antenna based on digital coding

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