CN116914450A - Array antenna and radar equipment - Google Patents
Array antenna and radar equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116914450A CN116914450A CN202310983046.9A CN202310983046A CN116914450A CN 116914450 A CN116914450 A CN 116914450A CN 202310983046 A CN202310983046 A CN 202310983046A CN 116914450 A CN116914450 A CN 116914450A
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
An array antenna, comprising: a signal input port connected to an end of the wiring transmission line portion; a transition portion connecting the wiring transmission portion and the radiation transmission portion; the radiation transmission part comprises a radiation transmission cavity which is of a cavity structure and is positioned below the radiation caliber part; the radiation caliber part comprises a plurality of radiation slits and a radiation cavity; the first signal is fed to the transition part through the wiring transmission line part, is fed into the second signal along the opening of the radiation transmission part, is transmitted in the radiation transmission cavity after being transmitted, the radiation caliber part is positioned at the upper part of the radiation transmission part, and the energy in the radiation transmission cavity is radiated outwards through the radiation caliber part. The transition portion is provided extending in a horizontal/vertical direction from the intermediate opening of the radiation transmitting chamber. Under the condition of meeting the requirements of broadband, high gain and the like, the low-profile waveguide antenna is realized so as to meet the requirements of the new field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of antenna design, and particularly relates to an array antenna and radar equipment.
Background
Automotive millimeter wave (MMW) radar is critical for automatically driving automobiles due to its robustness under various weather conditions. Conventional commercial automotive radars are limited in their resolution and it is difficult to distinguish and identify detected objects. Therefore, the two years have put forward the concept of a new generation of four-dimensional (4D) imaging radars. It has high azimuth and elevation resolution and contains doppler information, which can produce a high quality point cloud. Whereas 4D imaging radars usually take the form of MIMO antenna arrays, the greater the number of antenna channels, the higher the angular resolution. Antenna elements have been a determining factor in radar performance. As automotive radar available bandwidth increases from 1GHz in the 76-77GHz band to 4GHz in the newly available 77-81GHz band, the antenna elements also need to provide such increased bandwidth.
Conventional automotive millimeter wave radar antennas generally take the form of microstrip array antennas, but microstrip arrays have low radiation efficiency and narrow bandwidth. So in order to improve the antenna gain, a longer detection distance is realized, and the microstrip array needs more radiation units and larger radiation caliber. However, in the application of the 4D radar, as the number of antenna channels increases, the microstrip array antenna cannot meet the requirements of system size and antenna gain and bandwidth performance.
The waveguide antenna can be a new application field of the automobile millimeter wave radar because of higher radiation efficiency. Conventional waveguides use a metal machining process, so are expensive and very heavy. But 3D printing, plastic metallization, etc. processes make low cost waveguide antennas possible. In combination with the feasibility of the technology, the side-fed waveguide broadside slot array with the simplest structure at present has narrower bandwidth, and the broadside size on the horizontal plane is larger, so that the network wiring of the MIMO array is not facilitated. The cavity array antenna with full parallel feed in the vertical direction has wide bandwidth, but the section height is larger in the vertical direction due to the existence of the multi-stage feed network, and more layered structures are needed, so that the processing difficulty is greatly increased.
How to realize low profile, convenient array and easy processing under the condition of meeting the requirements of broadband, high gain and the like, and the problem that the waveguide antenna needs to be solved in the new field is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an array antenna and radar equipment, which are used for solving the technical problems of realizing a low-profile waveguide antenna to meet the requirements of new fields under the condition of meeting the requirements of broadband, high gain and the like in the prior art.
The present invention provides an array antenna comprising: the device comprises a radiation caliber part, a radiation transmission part, a transition part, a wiring transmission part and a signal input port;
a signal input port connected to an end of the wiring transmission line portion;
a transition portion connecting the wiring transmission portion and the radiation transmission portion;
the radiation transmission part comprises a radiation transmission cavity which is of a cavity structure and is positioned below the radiation caliber part;
the radiation caliber part comprises at least a plurality of radiation slits and a radiation cavity;
the path when transmitting signals is as follows: the first signal is fed to the transition part through the wiring transmission line, is fed into the second signal along the opening of the radiation transmission part, is transmitted in the radiation transmission cavity after being transmitted, the radiation caliber part is positioned at the upper part of the radiation transmission part, and the energy in the radiation transmission cavity is radiated outwards through the radiation caliber part, and if the signal is received, the whole route is reversed.
Preferably, the radiation transmission part opening is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the radiation transmission cavity, and the transition part is arranged from the middle opening of the radiation transmission cavity along the horizontal direction in an extending way and comprises one or more characteristics of at least steps, depressions, Y-shaped branches or T-shaped branches and the like.
Preferably, the opening of the radiation transmission part is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the radiation transmission cavity, and the transition part can be arranged in a vertical direction in an extending manner from the middle of the radiation transmission cavity, and comprises at least one or more characteristics of steps, depressions, gaps, coupling branches and the like.
Preferably, the one or more steps are arranged with protrusions along the extending direction of the cavity on the central line of the lower surface of the radiation transmission cavity, wherein the steps are disconnected from the middle opening of the radiation transmission cavity. The steps belong to the steps of the radiation transmission cavity.
Preferably, the step height is less than the height of the radiation transmitting cavity, wherein the step is offset relative to the center line of the radiation transmitting cavity to adjust the distribution of energy obtained on the left and right sides of the radiation transmitting cavity.
The radiation aperture part is a single layer, and the single layer radiation aperture part comprises 1 or a plurality of radiation slits or radiation cavities.
Preferably, the radiation aperture part is a plurality of layers, the radiation aperture of the plurality of layers comprises a plurality of independent radiation slits or radiation cavities, at least one layer of large radiation cavity is arranged above the independent radiation slits or radiation cavities, and the aperture covers all the independent radiation slits or radiation transmission cavities.
The radiation cavity can adopt one of a symmetrical structure and an asymmetrical structure, and the beam direction is controlled by utilizing the structure of the radiation cavity according to the antenna beam requirement.
Preferably, the signal input port is a radio frequency transmission line port including a waveguide port, a substrate integrated waveguide, a microstrip line, a strip line or a coplanar waveguide. The wiring transmission portion is a cavity waveguide, a microstrip line, or a coplanar waveguide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
first,: the filtering part realizes the direction conversion and the corresponding impedance matching between the first signal transmitted by the wiring transmission line and the second signal transmitted by the radiation transmission cavity. Low profile can be achieved where broadband, high gain, etc. requirements are met.
Second, the radiation transfer cavities in this example are excited from the middle, transferring radiation from the middle to both sides, reducing the number of resonant cells for single-sided series feed, thereby facilitating improved array bandwidth.
Also, a separate radiation slit or cavity may be located directly on the upper surface of the radiation-transmissive waveguide cavity. By means of the adjustment of the sizes and the distribution of the positions of the independent gaps and/or the cavities, the adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of electromagnetic waves radiated by different radiation gaps or cavities can be realized, and finally the requirements of low side lobes, beam shapes, beam directions and the like required by the array are met.
The cavity can be a single layer or a plurality of layers, and a larger multi-input multi-output array can be formed.
And the radiation caliber part, the radiation transmission part, the transition part, the wiring transmission part and the signal input port can be formed by waveguide cavity structures, and the waveguide cavity structures can be realized by adopting a metal machining process, a 3D printing process, a plastic metallization process and the like, are simple to manufacture and can be produced automatically.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an array antenna;
fig. 2 is a partial structural example diagram of the first embodiment of the array antenna;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of an array antenna;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of the electric field direction of the wiring transmission line and the radiation transmission line portion;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of an array antenna;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of an array antenna;
fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram of electromagnetic wave propagation modes of the wiring transmission line and the radiation transmission line portion;
fig. 8 is a partial structural view of a third embodiment of an array antenna;
fig. 9 is a partial structural view of a fourth embodiment of an array antenna.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The core of the invention is that: an array antenna, comprising: the device comprises a radiation caliber part, a radiation transmission part, a transition part, a wiring transmission part and a signal input port;
a signal input port connected to an end of the wiring transmission line portion;
a transition portion connecting the wiring transmission portion and the radiation transmission portion,
the radiation transmission part comprises a radiation transmission cavity which is of a cavity structure and is positioned below the radiation caliber part;
the radiating aperture portion includes at least a plurality of radiating slits and a radiating cavity.
The system signal is fed to the transition part through the wiring transmission line, fed along the opening of the radiation transmission part, and then transmitted to both sides of the radiation transmission cavity along the radiation transmission cavity, the radiation aperture part is positioned at the upper part of the radiation transmission part, and the energy in the radiation transmission cavity is radiated outwards through the radiation aperture part. The filtering part realizes the direction conversion and the corresponding impedance matching between the first signal transmitted by the wiring transmission line and the second signal transmitted by the radiation transmission cavity. The path when transmitting signals is as follows: the first signal is fed to the transition part through the wiring transmission line, is fed into the second signal along the opening of the radiation transmission part, is transmitted in the radiation transmission cavity after being transmitted, the radiation caliber part is positioned at the upper part of the radiation transmission part, and the energy in the radiation transmission cavity is radiated outwards through the radiation caliber part, and if the signal is received, the whole route is reversed.
In addition, a separate radiation slit or cavity is located directly on the upper surface of the radiation delivery cavity. The adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by different radiation slits or cavities can be realized by utilizing the adjustment of the sizes and the distribution of the positions of the independent slits or cavities, and the fusion cavity with the caliber covering all the independent slits or cavities below is arranged above the independent radiation slits or cavities, so that the effective radiation caliber of the array can be increased by the cavity, and the gain is improved.
The signal input port may be a radio frequency transmission line port such as a waveguide port, a substrate integrated waveguide, a microstrip line, a strip line, or a coplanar waveguide. In addition, the transition portion may extend horizontally from the middle of the radiation transmission cavity and include at least one or more features such as a step, a recess, a Y-branch, or a T-branch.
For this purpose, the invention is intended to be illustrated by a few examples.
First embodiment
Please refer to fig. 1, which is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of an array antenna according to the present invention. In this example, the signal input port 110 employs a waveguide port. The wiring transmission section 120 adopts a uniform cavity waveguide structure in which an E-plane (narrow side) is parallel to a horizontal plane, and a signal at a system signal (first signal) input port position is fed to the vicinity of a radiation aperture of the transmission section through the wiring transmission section 120 (a waveguide transmission line is adopted in this example). The main body of the radiation transmission part 140 is a waveguide cavity, and electromagnetic waves (first signals) in the waveguide transmission line pass through the transition structure 130, are fed in along the opening of the radiation transmission waveguide in the horizontal direction, and are transmitted to both sides of the waveguide cavity. The radiation aperture portion 150 is located at an upper surface of the radiation transmission waveguide cavity 141, and energy (second signal) within the radiation transmission waveguide cavity 141 is radiated outward through the radiation aperture portion 150. The wiring transmission line 120 adopts a uniform cavity waveguide structure with an E-plane (narrow side) parallel to a horizontal plane, so that the cross section of the transmission waveguide can be reduced, which is beneficial to the subsequent feeding of the multiple-input multiple-output array arranged in a more compact size.
Please refer to fig. 2, which is a diagram illustrating a partial structure of an array antenna according to the present invention. The signal input port 110 and the wire transmission portion 120 are removed in this structure, and the transition portion 130 and the radiation transmission portion 140 are mainly described. The radiation transmitting part 140 includes a radiation transmitting cavity 141, and an opening is provided at a bottom middle position 143 of the radiation transmitting cavity 141. The radiation transfer cavity 143 in this example is excited from the middle and transfers radiation from the middle to both sides, thereby reducing the number of resonant cells for single-sided series feed, which is advantageous for improving array bandwidth. However, the position of the opening is not limited to the middle position, and may be a certain position of the bottom, the middle, or the side. But in the middle in this example, the second signal, i.e. the radiation signal, can be transmitted from the middle excitation to both sides, optimizing the array structure. The third step 142 protruding along the extending direction of the cavity is arranged on the central line of the lower surface of the radiation transmission cavity 141, wherein the third step 142 is disconnected from the middle of the radiation transmission cavity 141, so that the excitation of the radiation transmission line can be realized better. The raised third step 142 forms a ridge waveguide structure, which is advantageous for smaller radiation transmission waveguide dimensions, further increasing antenna bandwidth.
The transition 130 is highlighted below. The transition portion 130 includes a recess 133 provided at the end of the wiring transmission line 110 and a first step 131 and a second step 132 extending at the bottom opening of the radiation transmission cavity 141. A break 134 is provided midway between the first step 131 and the second step 132. The recess 133 at the end of the wiring transmission line is in the shape of a receiving groove in which the first step 131 and the second step 132 are located, and the opening provided at the bottom of the radiation transmission cavity 141 is also located. The transition portion 130 realizes impedance matching between the direction transitions of the electromagnetic waves, and realizes good transition of the electromagnetic waves. In this example, the transition portion 30 may employ the first step 131 and the second step 132, or may employ only one step.
As described in fig. 3 and 4, fig. 4 is an exemplary diagram of the electric field directions of the wiring transmission line and the radiation transmission line portion. The wiring transmission portion 120 electric field direction is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the radiation transmission portion 140 electric field direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The twisted waveguide length conventionally used to achieve a smooth transition of 90 ° electric field direction rotation is typically n x lambda g /2(n≥2)，λ g For the corresponding waveguide wavelength, n is a positive integer. The structure has large size and complex processing. The transition section 130 of this embodiment directly connects the radiation transfer waveguide and the wiring transfer waveguide in the horizontal dimension from the middle portion of the radiation transfer waveguide, and the waveguide transfer jumps. And then, the space inside the two parts, namely the concave at the tail end of the wiring transmission waveguide and the step structure in the middle of the radiation transmission waveguide are utilized to realize good matching between the two parts of mutually perpendicular electric fields. According to the equivalent circuit principle, wherein adjusting the recess structure 133 of the wiring transmission line portion (e.g., adjusting the width and depth of the recess) is equivalent to adjusting the parallel capacitance, adjusting the widths of the first step 131 and the second step 132 is equivalent to the series capacitanceAdjusting the height of a single or multiple step is equivalent to series or parallel inductance. The heights of the first step 31 and the second step 132 are smaller than 0.75 times the height of the transmission radiation cavity 141 (the transmission radiation cavity 141 is a single-cavity type arrangement). The degree to which the first step 131 and the second step 132 are offset with respect to the center line of the radiation transmission cavity 141 can also be adjusted to obtain the distribution of energy on both the left and right sides of the radiation transmission cavity 141. In the implementation process, specific values such as the depth and the width of the concave structure, the width of the step and the like which are suitable for the specific application scene can be confirmed through various simulation verification.
The radiating aperture portion 150, the separate radiating slot 152 or cavity 151 is located directly on the upper surface of the radiation delivery waveguide cavity. By means of the adjustment of the sizes and the distribution of the positions of the independent gaps 152 or the cavities 151, the adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of electromagnetic waves radiated by different radiation gaps or cavities can be realized, and finally the requirements of low side lobes, beam shapes, beam directions and the like required by the array are realized. Above the plurality of independent radiation slits 152 or the cavity 151 is a fused cavity with caliber covering all independent slits or cavities below, the cavity can increase the effective radiation caliber of the array and gain, and meanwhile, the periphery of the cavity can adopt an asymmetric design, so that the adjustment of beam direction or beam shape is further realized. Referring to fig. 3, when the radiation cavity 151 is viewed in cross section, the cavity structure of the radiation cavity 151 may have a laterally flared structure, so as to increase the effective radiation caliber.
The cavity 151 may be a single layer or may be stacked with multiple layers, and two layers are used in this embodiment. The design of the embodiment and the larger multiple-input multiple-output array formed by the embodiment are all composed of waveguide cavity structures, and the waveguide cavity structures can be realized by adopting a metal machining process, a 3D printing process, a plastic metallization process and the like.
Second embodiment
The difference from the first embodiment is mainly in the wiring transmission portion and the transition portion. As described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the array antenna of the present example also includes: a radiation aperture portion 250, a radiation transmitting portion 240, a transition portion 230, a wiring transmitting portion 220, and a signal input port 210.
In this example, the signal input port 210 employs a coplanar waveguide, the wiring transmission section 220 also employs a coplanar waveguide, and the system signal (first signal) is output through the coplanar waveguide, and is fed to the vicinity of the radiation aperture through the wiring transmission line 220, which is also a coplanar waveguide. The main body of the radiation transmission part is a waveguide cavity, and electromagnetic waves in the coplanar waveguide transmission line pass through the transition structure 230, are fed along an opening (in this example, the opening is also formed in the middle of the cavity) in the vertical direction of the radiation transmission waveguide, and are then transmitted to two sides of the waveguide cavity. The radiation aperture portion 250 is located at an upper surface of the radiation transmissive waveguide cavity (i.e., the radiation transmissive portion 240) and energy within the radiation transmissive waveguide cavity is radiated outwardly through the radiation aperture portion 250.
The wiring transmission line 220 adopts a coplanar waveguide, has a very narrow line width, and provides great flexibility for the subsequent multi-array arrangement. The radiation transfer cavity (i.e., radiation transfer portion 240) is stimulated from the middle to transfer radiation from the middle to both sides, reducing the number of resonant cells for single-sided series feed, which is beneficial for improving array bandwidth. Similar to the first embodiment, the center line of the lower surface of the radiation transmission cavity is provided with a third step 243 protruding along the extending direction of the cavity, wherein the third step 243 is disconnected from the middle of the radiation transmission cavity, so that the excitation of the radiation transmission line can be realized better. The third raised step forms a ridge waveguide structure, which is beneficial to the smaller size of the radiation transmission waveguide and further increases the bandwidth of the antenna.
In this example, the transition portion 230 further includes a coupling stub 231 connected to the end of the coplanar waveguide transmission line, the coupling stub 231 coupling electromagnetic wave energy into the waveguide cavity through the bottom opening in the middle of the excitation radiation transmission cavity. The horizontal side wall part area of the waveguide cavity which is penetrated up and down is provided with steps, so that the waveguide cavity can be connected with the steps in the radiation transmission cavity, and impedance matching is better realized.
The antenna of the embodiment integrally consists of two parts, wherein the signal input end, the wiring transmission part and the coupling branch of the transition part are planar structures and are mainly realized based on a dielectric substrate. The whole radiation caliber part based on the cavity waveguide structure, the radiation transmission part and the transition part can be realized by adopting a metal machining process, a 3D printing process, a plastic metallization process and the like.
As described in fig. 7, the electromagnetic wave propagation modes of the wiring transmission line and the radiation transmission line portion are described. The wiring transmission line part adopts coplanar waveguide, the transmitted electromagnetic wave is quasi-TEM wave, and the radiation transmission cavity part is TE10 mode. The coupling branches of the transition section couple and excite TE10 waves in the vertical waveguide cavity by utilizing the TM01 mode of radiation of the transition section. The coupling of the branches to the uniform coplanar waveguide can also increase 1/4λ g And increases the flexibility of impedance matching. In this example, the radiating area of the coupling stub may be adjusted, but generally the radiating area of the coupling stub is not greater than the aperture area of the vertical through cavity corresponding thereto.
The radiating aperture portion includes a radiating aperture 252 and/or a cavity 251. This portion is similar to the first embodiment and will not be described again.
Third embodiment
The difference from the first two embodiments is mainly in the transition portion. As described in detail below.
The main body of the radiation transmission part is a waveguide cavity, and electromagnetic waves in the waveguide transmission line are fed in through a transition structure along the middle position of the horizontal direction of the radiation transmission waveguide and then transmitted to two sides of the waveguide cavity along the waveguide cavity. The radiation aperture is positioned on the upper surface of the radiation transmission waveguide cavity, and energy in the radiation transmission waveguide cavity radiates outwards through the radiation aperture.
Referring to fig. 8, the transition portion includes a recess provided at the end of the wire transmission waveguide and a Y-branch 331 provided at the middle opening of the radiation transmission waveguide to achieve polarization conversion and impedance matching of electromagnetic waves. The concave recess is the recess form, and Y type minor matters are located this recess, and the same reason opening part is also located this recess, and radiation chamber bottom opening part extends two steps, is connected with Y type minor matters 331 two ends respectively. That is, the Y-shaped branches 331 are connected to steps on both sides of the radiation transmission cavity, and by controlling the size of both sides of the Y-shaped branches and the positional deviation of the Y-shaped branches, the amplitude and phase distribution of the energy on both sides of the radiation transmission cavity can be controlled.
And the radiation caliber part, the independent radiation slit or the cavity is directly positioned on the upper surface of the radiation transmission waveguide cavity. By means of the adjustment of the sizes and the distribution of the positions of the independent gaps or the cavities, the adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the different radiation gaps or the cavities can be realized, and finally the requirements of low side lobes, beam shapes, beam directions and the like required by the array are realized. This section is similar to the previous embodiments and will not be described in detail.
Fourth embodiment
Unlike the first few embodiments, the present example wiring transmission line employs a microstrip line. The line width is very narrow, and great flexibility is provided for the subsequent multi-array arrangement.
Referring to fig. 9, the main body of the radiation transmission part is a waveguide cavity, and electromagnetic waves in the microstrip transmission line are fed through a transition structure along the middle position of the vertical direction of the radiation transmission waveguide, wherein the vertical direction transition is mainly applied to different types of transmission lines, and the horizontal direction transition is mainly applied to the same type of transmission line. The generally vertical transition structure will have coupling branches or slots for transition shifts of different types of transmission modes. And then along the waveguide cavity to both sides thereof. The radiation aperture is positioned on the upper surface of the radiation transmission waveguide cavity, and energy in the radiation transmission waveguide cavity radiates outwards through the radiation aperture. The wiring transmission line adopts a microstrip line, the radiation transmission cavity is excited from the middle, and radiation is transmitted from the middle to two sides, so that the number of resonance units of single-side series feed is reduced, and the array bandwidth is improved.
The transition part utilizes a coupling branch connected with the tail end of the microstrip transmission line to couple the excitation radiation transmission cavity through a gap at the bottom of the radiation transmission cavity.
And the radiation caliber part, the independent radiation slit or the cavity is directly positioned on the upper surface of the radiation transmission waveguide cavity. By means of the adjustment of the sizes and the distribution of the positions of the independent gaps or the cavities, the adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the different radiation gaps or the cavities can be realized, and finally the requirements of low side lobes, beam shapes, beam directions and the like required by the array are realized. Above the plurality of independent radiation slits or cavities are fusion cavities with apertures covering all independent slits or cavities below, and the cavities can increase the effective radiation aperture of the array and improve the gain.
The antenna of the embodiment integrally consists of two parts, wherein the signal input end, the wiring transmission part and the coupling branch of the transition part are planar structures and are mainly realized based on a dielectric substrate. The whole radiation caliber part based on the cavity waveguide structure, the radiation transmission part and the transition part can be realized by adopting a metal machining process, a 3D printing process, a plastic metallization process and the like. Any structure of the radiation caliber part, the radiation transmission part, the transition structure part, the wiring transmission part and the signal input port relates to a three-dimensional waveguide, and the three-dimensional waveguide structure can be manufactured by adopting a metal machining process or a 3D printing process or plastic molding. The three-dimensional waveguide structure may be metallized in whole or in part. Also, all cavity structure sides made based on the plastic molding process have a slope that facilitates mold opening. The designs can promote the manufacturing process, the modularization and automation of the manufacturing and the possibility of continuous production.
The invention can be applied to radar equipment. The broadband high-gain radiation characteristic is realized, meanwhile, the broadband high-gain radiation characteristic has the characteristics of compact size and low profile, and the array flexibility of the MIMO array is improved, so that the array requirement of a radar is better met.
Claims (13)
1. An array antenna, comprising: the device comprises a radiation caliber part, a radiation transmission part, a transition part, a wiring transmission part and a signal input port;
the signal input port is connected with the tail end of the wiring transmission line part;
the transition portion connects the wiring transmission portion and the radiation transmission portion;
the radiation transmission part comprises a radiation transmission cavity, wherein the radiation transmission cavity is of a cavity structure and is positioned below the radiation caliber part;
the radiation caliber part comprises at least a plurality of radiation slits and a radiation cavity;
the path when transmitting signals is as follows: the first signal is fed to the transition part through the wiring transmission line, is fed along the opening of the radiation transmission part, and is transmitted in the radiation transmission cavity after the second signal, the radiation caliber part is positioned at the upper part of the radiation transmission part, and the energy in the radiation transmission cavity is radiated outwards through the radiation caliber part.
2. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiation transmitting portion opening is disposed at a middle position of the bottom of the radiation transmitting cavity, and the transition portion is disposed extending in a horizontal direction from the radiation transmitting cavity middle opening, and includes one or more features of at least a step, a recess, a Y-branch, a T-branch, or the like.
3. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiation transmitting portion opening is disposed at a middle position of the bottom of the radiation transmitting cavity, and the transition portion is disposed to extend in a vertical direction from the middle of the radiation transmitting cavity, and includes at least one or more features of a step, a recess, a slit, and a coupling stub.
4. An array antenna according to claim 2 or claim 3 wherein the one or more steps are provided with a projection on the centre line of the lower surface of the radiation-transmitting cavity along the direction of extension of the cavity, wherein the steps are disconnected from the central opening of the radiation-transmitting cavity.
5. The array antenna of claim 4, wherein the step height is less than the transmission radiation cavity height, wherein the step is offset relative to the radiation transmission cavity centerline to adjust the distribution of energy obtained on the left and right sides of the radiation transmission cavity.
6. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating aperture portion is a single layer, the single layer radiating aperture portion comprising 1, a plurality of radiating slots or radiating cavities.
7. The array antenna of claim 1 wherein the radiating aperture portion is a plurality of layers, the radiating aperture of the plurality of layers comprising a plurality of individual radiating slots or radiating cavities, there being at least one layer of large radiating cavities above the individual radiating slots or radiating cavities, the aperture covering all of the individual radiating slots or radiating cavities.
8. An array antenna according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the radiating cavity is one of a symmetrical structure and an asymmetrical structure, the beam pointing being controlled by the structure of the radiating cavity according to antenna beam requirements.
9. An array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the signal input port is a radio frequency transmission line port including a waveguide port, a substrate integrated waveguide, a microstrip line, a stripline, or a coplanar waveguide.
10. An array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the wiring transmission section is one of a cavity waveguide, a substrate integrated waveguide, a microstrip line, or a radio frequency transmission line including a coplanar waveguide.
11. An array antenna according to claim 1, wherein any one of the structures of the radiation aperture portion and the radiation transmitting portion, the transition structure portion, the wiring transmitting portion and the signal input port is formed into a three-dimensional waveguide structure by a metal machining process or a 3D printing process or plastic molding.
12. An array antenna according to claim 11, wherein the three-dimensional waveguide structure is metallized in whole or in part.
13. A radar apparatus comprising the array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 13.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310983046.9A CN116914450A (en) | 2023-08-07 | 2023-08-07 | Array antenna and radar equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310983046.9A CN116914450A (en) | 2023-08-07 | 2023-08-07 | Array antenna and radar equipment |
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| CN116914450A true CN116914450A (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117855812A (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-09 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Waveguide antenna array and communication module |
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2023
- 2023-08-07 CN CN202310983046.9A patent/CN116914450A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117855812A (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-09 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Waveguide antenna array and communication module |
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