CN115149249A - High-gain microstrip antenna array, millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor and vehicle - Google Patents
High-gain microstrip antenna array, millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115149249A CN115149249A CN202211063691.0A CN202211063691A CN115149249A CN 115149249 A CN115149249 A CN 115149249A CN 202211063691 A CN202211063691 A CN 202211063691A CN 115149249 A CN115149249 A CN 115149249A
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-gain microstrip antenna array, a millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor and a vehicle, wherein the antenna array comprises an antenna unit, a feeder line, an excitation port, a dielectric substrate and a metal floor, wherein the antenna unit, the feeder line and the excitation port are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate; the number of the antenna units is N multiplied by M, and each M antenna units are arranged and distributed at equal intervals; in each M antenna units, two adjacent antenna units are connected through a first feeder, and the last antenna unit is connected with the excitation port through a second feeder; each antenna unit comprises two radiating structures and two parasitic structures, and the two parasitic structures are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radiating structures. The millimeter wave long-distance radar sensor has a compact structure and a low profile, realizes high gain and small size, meets the design requirements of the millimeter wave long-distance radar sensor, and can be directly integrated with a receiving and transmitting front-end chip on a board level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-gain microstrip antenna array, a millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of radio.
Background
With the rapid development of the automatic driving unmanned automobile, the demand for the automatic driving technology is increasingly raised, which also puts higher demands on millimeter wave radar, laser radar, video sensors, and the like. For millimeter wave radar, 24GHz and 77GHz are two main working frequency bands of vehicle-mounted radar at present, and 77GHz which is more advantageous in terms of miniaturization, resolution and the like becomes the mainstream frequency band of vehicle-mounted radar in a future period of time.
In the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor, the antenna plays a crucial role, and the working frequency band, the radio frequency signal receiving and transmitting capacity and the detection range of the sensor are closely related to the antenna. In order to meet the radar long-distance detection requirement, the antenna gain can be used for working besides increasing the transmitting and receiving power and reducing the noise of a receiver, and the gain of the microstrip series-fed antenna array which is commonly used for products at present is increased along with the increase of the number of radiating elements, so that the engineering requirement can be theoretically met, but the antenna and the whole size are increased, which is not desirable for one product. Therefore, how to increase the antenna gain while ensuring the small size becomes a key technology that needs to be overcome by the millimeter wave radar antenna.
At present, the existing methods for improving the gain of a microstrip antenna mainly include: loading lenses, stacking parasitic patches on the antenna, coupling feeds, etc. These methods can improve the antenna element gain to various degrees, but all increase the cross-sectional size of the antenna, and are not suitable for future industrialization requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-gain microstrip antenna array which has a compact structure and a low profile, realizes high gain and small size, meets the design requirements of the millimeter wave long-distance radar at present, and can be directly integrated with a transceiving front-end chip of a millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor at board level.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a millimeter wave vehicle radar sensor including the high-gain microstrip antenna array.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle including the millimeter wave on-vehicle radar sensor described above.
The first purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a high-gain microstrip antenna array comprises an antenna unit, a feeder line, an excitation port, a dielectric substrate and a metal floor, wherein the antenna unit, the feeder line and the excitation port are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate;
the number of the antenna units is N multiplied by M, and each M antenna units are arranged and distributed at equal intervals; in every M antenna units, two adjacent antenna units are connected through a first feeder, the last antenna unit is connected with the excitation port through a second feeder, wherein N is more than or equal to 1, and M is more than 1; each antenna unit comprises two radiating structures and two parasitic structures, and the two parasitic structures are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radiating structures.
Further, when N =1 in the N × M antenna units, a series-fed microstrip antenna array is formed, and the second feeder is connected to the excitation port through the impedance matching structure.
Furthermore, when N is greater than 1 in the nxm antenna units, a series-parallel feed microstrip antenna array is formed, and the second feeder line is connected with the excitation port sequentially through the impedance matching structure and the 1-to-N microstrip power division feed structure.
Furthermore, in the N ports of the microstrip power distribution feed structure, the distance between two adjacent ports is the same, and the distance is 2.4-2.6 mm.
Further, the impedance matching structure is a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer, and the length of the quarter-wavelength impedance transformer is 0.4 to 0.8mm.
Furthermore, the radiation structure and the parasitic structure are rectangular metal patches, the length of the radiation structure is 1.4-1.5 mm, the width of the radiation structure is 1-1.2mm, the length of the parasitic structure is 1.4-1.5 mm, and the width of the parasitic structure is 0.25-0.3mm.
Furthermore, a distance is formed between the parasitic structure and the radiation structure, and the distance is 0.1-0.13mm.
Further, the excitation port is located on one side of the front surface of the dielectric substrate, and the impedance is 50 ohms.
The second purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor comprises the high-gain microstrip antenna array.
The third purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a vehicle comprises the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the antenna unit is simple in structure, the two parasitic structures are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radiation structure, and each antenna unit improves the gain of the antenna by loading the parasitic structures, so that the efficiency of the antenna is improved; the processing design is carried out based on the technical process of the printed circuit board, the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor has the characteristics of miniaturization, light weight, low cost, low profile, easy integration and the like, can be directly integrated with a transmitting and receiving front end chip of the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor at board level, can reduce the complexity of the whole radio frequency system, and further reduces the manufacturing cost; compared with the existing microstrip antenna array, the microstrip antenna array is only made of a single-layer printed circuit board and has smaller size under the condition of the same gain; under the same size, the gain is higher, and the method is suitable for various communication terminal equipment systems.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of an antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of an antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a gain comparison graph of the antenna unit of embodiment 1 of the present invention with or without a loaded parasitic structure.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of simulation results of S11 of the antenna unit loading parasitic structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a high-gain microstrip antenna array according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a 77GHz directional diagram of the high-gain microstrip antenna array according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a gain diagram of a high-gain microstrip antenna array according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic top view of a high-gain microstrip antenna array according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a 76GHz pattern of the high-gain microstrip antenna array according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a 77GHz directional diagram of the high-gain microstrip antenna array according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a gain diagram of a high-gain microstrip antenna array according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The antenna comprises a radiating structure 1, a parasitic structure 2, a feeder 3, a first feeder 301, a second feeder 302, an excitation port 4, a dielectric substrate 5, a metal floor 6, an impedance matching structure 7 and a microstrip power distribution feed structure 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides an antenna unit, which is a microstrip antenna unit and includes a radiation structure 1, a parasitic structure 2, a feeder line 3, an excitation port 4, a dielectric substrate 5, and a metal floor 6.
The radiation structure 1 and the parasitic structure 2 are printed on the front surface (upper surface) of the dielectric substrate 5, the radiation structure 1 and the parasitic structure 2 are both rectangular metal patches, the length of the radiation structure 1 is 1.47mm, the width of the radiation structure 1 is 1.1mm, the length of the parasitic structure 2 is 1.47mm, the width of the parasitic structure 2 is 0.28mm, the parasitic structures 2 are two, the two parasitic structures 2 are arranged on two sides of the radiation structure 1 in a bilateral symmetry manner, a certain distance is formed between the parasitic structure 2 and the radiation structure 1, the distance is about 0.12mm, the parasitic structures 2 are not directly connected, and participate in the radiation of the antenna unit and are used for improving the gain of the antenna unit; the metal floor 6 is provided on the back surface (lower surface) of the dielectric substrate 5, and reflects electromagnetic waves to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna unit; the excitation port 4 is etched on one side of the front face of the dielectric substrate 5 and is respectively connected with the radiation structure 1 and the metal floor 6, the impedance of the excitation port is 50 ohms, namely, the excitation port is directly fed by a 50-ohm microstrip line, the feeder line 3 is positioned between the radiation structure 1 and the 50-ohm microstrip line, and two ends of the feeder line are respectively directly connected with the radiation structure 1 and the 50-ohm microstrip line; the thickness and the dielectric constant of the material used for the dielectric substrate 5 can be changed according to requirements, and the dielectric substrate 5 in this embodiment is Rogers 3003, which has a dielectric constant of 3.0, a loss tangent of 0.0010 and a thickness of 5 mil.
As shown in fig. 3, compared with the gain of the radiation structure with or without the parasitic structure, the gain of the antenna can be increased by about 2dBi by the parasitic structure, the gain of the antenna with the parasitic structure reaches 9.5dBi, and fig. 4 is a simulation result diagram of S11 of the antenna unit with the parasitic structure, and the operating bandwidth is 74-79GHz (S11 < -10 dB).
As shown in fig. 5, this embodiment further provides a high-gain microstrip antenna array, which may be directly board-level integrated with a transceiver front-end chip of a millimeter wave vehicle radar sensor, so as to be applied in a vehicle, where the antenna array is a series-fed microstrip antenna array designed based on the above antenna units, and includes eight antenna units, eight feeder lines 3, excitation ports 4, a dielectric substrate 5, and a metal floor 6, each antenna unit includes one radiation structure 1 and two parasitic structures 2, the two parasitic structures 2 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radiation structure 1, the eight antenna units are distributed in an equidistant arrangement, the eight feeder lines include seven first feeder lines 301 and one second feeder line 302, two adjacent antenna units of the eight antenna units are connected through the first feeder line 301, that is, the eight antenna units are directly connected through the seven first feeder lines 301 to form an 8-unit series-fed microstrip antenna array, a last antenna unit of the eight antenna units is connected through the second feeder line 302 to the excitation port 4, specifically, the second feeder line is connected through an impedance matching structure 7 to the excitation port 4, the impedance matching structure 7 is one-quarter wavelength impedance transformer, and is used for impedance matching between the antenna units and the excitation port 4, and the impedance transformer is about 0.6mm.
As shown in fig. 6, an 8-unit series-fed microstrip antenna array is obtained by performing series-fed array on antenna units, wherein the working bandwidth is 76-77GHz, the gain in the working frequency band is greater than 16.8dBi, and the highest gain can reach 17.1dBi (77 GHz); the overall size of the 8-unit series-fed microstrip antenna array is 18.7mm multiplied by 2mm (4.8 lambda) 0 ×0.5λ 0 ) Wherein λ is 0 Is 77GHz free space wavelength; fig. 7 is a directional diagram of an 8-element series-fed microstrip antenna array with a sidelobe level of-13 dBc.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 8, this embodiment provides a high-gain microstrip antenna array, which is a serial-parallel fed microstrip antenna array designed on the basis of the serial fed microstrip antenna array of embodiment 1, and includes thirty-two (4 × 8) antenna units, thirty-two feeder lines 3, an excitation port 4, a dielectric substrate 5, and a metal floor 6, where each antenna unit includes a radiation structure 1 and two parasitic structures 2, the two parasitic structures 2 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the radiation structure 1, each eight antenna units are arranged at equal intervals and correspond to the eight feeder lines 3, the eight feeder lines 3 include seven first feeder lines 301 and one second feeder line 302, in each eight antenna units, two adjacent antenna units are connected by a first feeder line 301, and the last antenna unit is connected to the excitation port 4 by a second feeder line 302, specifically, each second feeder line 302 is connected to the excitation port 4 by a microstrip power splitting feeder structure 8 of impedance matching structure 7 and 1 × 4 sequentially, that each second feeder line 302 is connected to the excitation port 4 by a microstrip power splitting feeder structure 7 and 1 × 8, that four microstrip antenna units are connected to the serial fed by four microstrip antenna arrays, and the microstrip antenna array is designed according to an equivalent microstrip power splitting distance of this embodiment, and the four microstrip power splitting feeder ports are designed according to an equivalent microstrip antenna array with an equivalent microstrip power splitting distance of this embodiment, which is about four microstrip antenna structure 8.
As shown in fig. 9, four 8-unit series-fed microstrip antenna arrays are combined by the microstrip power divider to obtain a 4 × 8 series-fed microstrip antenna array, the working bandwidth is 76-77GHz, the gain in the working frequency band is greater than 21.3dBi, the highest gain can reach 21.5dBi (77 GHz), and the overall size is 21.5mm × 9.7mm (5.5 λ ×) 0 ×2.5λ 0 ) Fig. 10 and 11 show the 76GHz and 77GHz patterns, respectively.
In summary, the structure of the invention is simple, one antenna unit is formed by one radiation structure and two parasitic structures, the two parasitic structures are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radiation structure, and each antenna unit improves the antenna gain by loading the parasitic structures, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna; the processing design is carried out based on the technical process of the printed circuit board, the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor has the characteristics of miniaturization, light weight, low cost, low profile, easy integration and the like, can be directly integrated with a transmitting and receiving front end chip of the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor at board level, can reduce the complexity of the whole radio frequency system, and further reduces the manufacturing cost; compared with the existing microstrip antenna array, the microstrip antenna array is only made of a single-layer printed circuit board and has smaller size under the condition of the same gain; under the same size, the gain is higher, and the method is suitable for various communication terminal equipment systems.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-gain microstrip antenna array is characterized by comprising an antenna unit, a feeder line, an excitation port, a dielectric substrate and a metal floor, wherein the antenna unit, the feeder line and the excitation port are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate;
the number of the antenna units is NxM, and every M antenna units are arranged and distributed at equal intervals; in every M antenna units, two adjacent antenna units are connected through a first feeder, the last antenna unit is connected with the excitation port through a second feeder, wherein N is more than or equal to 1, and M is more than 1; each antenna unit comprises two radiating structures and two parasitic structures, wherein the two parasitic structures are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radiating structures.
2. The high-gain microstrip antenna array according to claim 1, wherein when N =1 out of the N × M antenna elements, a series-fed microstrip antenna array is formed, and the second feeder line is connected to the excitation port through the impedance matching structure.
3. The high-gain microstrip antenna array according to claim 1, wherein when N > 1 of the N × M antenna elements constitutes a serial-parallel feed microstrip antenna array, the second feed line is connected to the excitation port sequentially through the impedance matching structure and the 1-to-N microstrip power-division feed structure.
4. The high-gain microstrip antenna array according to claim 3, wherein, in the N ports of the microstrip power-division feed structure, the distance between two adjacent ports is the same, and the distance is 2.4 to 2.6mm.
5. The high-gain microstrip antenna array according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the impedance matching structure is a quarter-wave impedance transformer, the length of the quarter-wave impedance transformer being 0.4-0.8 mm.
6. The high-gain microstrip antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the radiating structure and the parasitic structure are rectangular metal patches, the length of the radiating structure is 1.4 to 1.5mm, the width of the radiating structure is 1 to 1.2mm, the length of the parasitic structure is 1.4 to 1.5mm, and the width of the parasitic structure is 0.25 to 0.3mm.
7. The high-gain microstrip antenna array according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein a distance is provided between the parasitic structure and the radiating structure, and the distance is 0.1 to 0.13mm.
8. The high-gain microstrip antenna array according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the excitation port is located on the front side of the dielectric substrate and has an impedance of 50 ohms.
9. A millimeter wave vehicular radar sensor comprising a high gain microstrip antenna array according to any of claims 1 to 8.
10. A vehicle characterized by comprising the millimeter wave on-board radar sensor of claim 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211063691.0A CN115149249A (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-01 | High-gain microstrip antenna array, millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor and vehicle |
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| CN202211063691.0A CN115149249A (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-01 | High-gain microstrip antenna array, millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar sensor and vehicle |
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| CN115411500A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-11-29 | 南京隼眼电子科技有限公司 | Antenna module, radar device and vehicle |
| CN115548679A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2022-12-30 | 广东工业大学 | Dual-frequency common-caliber antenna for communication system |
| CN116722349A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-09-08 | 南京隼眼电子科技有限公司 | Antenna structure and radar apparatus |
| CN116722349B (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-10-24 | 南京隼眼电子科技有限公司 | Antenna structure and radar apparatus |
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Application publication date: 20221004 |