CN114824758A - Low-profile miniaturized wide-bandwidth beam antenna - Google Patents
Low-profile miniaturized wide-bandwidth beam antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114824758A CN114824758A CN202210421388.7A CN202210421388A CN114824758A CN 114824758 A CN114824758 A CN 114824758A CN 202210421388 A CN202210421388 A CN 202210421388A CN 114824758 A CN114824758 A CN 114824758A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-bandwidth beam antenna, which comprises a grounded coplanar waveguide, a pair of crossed dipoles, two groups of yagi guiding units and a substrate integrated waveguide. One end of the grounding coplanar waveguide is connected with the coaxial probe to feed the antenna, and the other end of the grounding coplanar waveguide realizes good matching of transition to the substrate integrated waveguide in a form of opening an oblique slot to a slot, thereby realizing wide working impedance bandwidth. The tail end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with a feeder line of the crossed dipole, and the dipole with the bilateral symmetrical sector antenna arm structure is excited to generate a wide-angle radiation signal, so that the beam width of the antenna is widened. The pair of yagi guiding units are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the dipole antenna arm, and are used for further widening the beam width of the antenna. The invention has wide beam width and wide working impedance bandwidth, and has the advantages of low section, small size, light weight, easy realization, convenient processing, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a low-profile miniaturized wide-bandwidth beam antenna.
Background
In some wireless communication fields, a communication system is generally required to have a wider beam width in order to more effectively ensure communication quality and achieve wide coverage of signal radiation. In the field of satellite navigation, an antenna is required to have wide beam performance, and the gain at a low elevation angle cannot be too low, so that a weak signal transmitted by a satellite can be received more quickly and accurately. In the field of fuse guidance, the flying and landing postures of missiles vary widely, and especially when the missiles are about to land on the ground, a certain included angle is formed between the missiles and the horizontal ground. In order to ensure that the missile can receive signals under various postures, the antenna is generally required to have wide beam performance, and communication within a wide-angle range is realized. In the information age, while wide beam antennas are receiving great attention in both civil and military fields, they are also advancing toward broadband, low profile, and miniaturization.
Document 1(J. -h.ou, s. -w.dong and j.huang.a compact Microstrip Antenna With E xtended Half-Power beam width and Harmonic Suppression [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on a. tntnnas and Propagation,2020,68(6): 4312) 4319.) uses a patch Antenna structure to achieve a wide beam, With 3dB beam widths for the E-plane and the H-plane of 135 ° and 132 °, respectively, but With a relative operating impedance bandwidth of only 5.2%, which limits the use of the wide beam Antenna to some extent and is difficult to meet certain high data rate communication requirements. Document 2(z.pan, w.lin and q.chu.compact Wide-Beam circulation-Polarized microwave-Antenna With a Parasitic Ring for CNSS [ J ]. IEEE transformations on Antennas and Propagation,2014,62(5):2847 + 2850.), proposes a double-layer Wide Beam Antenna With a circular patch as a bottom layer and a metal Parasitic Ring as a top layer, and has a 3dB Beam width of the H-plane of about 140 °, but a relative operating impedance bandwidth of only 1.2%, such a narrow bandwidth being far from the requirements for application in high data rate communication scenarios.
With the continuous development of the wide-beam antenna technology, the research on the method for widening the beam width of the antenna is more and more intensive. Such as the common loaded parasitic monopole metal posts, the loaded back cavity structure, and the wide beam antenna in the form of a four-arm helix, all of which undoubtedly greatly increase the profile height of the antenna. Document 3(y.chen, m.wang, z.yi, r.zhang and g.yang.a Wide-beam width Dual-band L-probe Fed Antenna With Parasitic Posts for 5G Communication [ J ]. International Applied Computational Antenna symmetry, 2019:1-2.) proposes a Wide beam Antenna With Parasitic Posts, the 3dB beam width of which exceeds 180 ° and the relative operating impedance bandwidth is greater than 18%, but the presence of a stereo Parasitic post results in a large Antenna profile height and cannot be Applied to a scene of low-profile miniaturized Communication.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-profile miniaturized wide-bandwidth beam antenna.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-bandwidth beam antenna comprises a grounding coplanar waveguide, a pair of crossed dipoles, two groups of yagi guiding units and a substrate integrated waveguide, wherein one end of the grounding coplanar waveguide is connected with a coaxial probe to feed the antenna, and the other end of the grounding coplanar waveguide is connected with one end of the substrate integrated waveguide; the pair of crossed dipoles are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the other end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the crossed dipoles, and the crossed dipoles are excited to generate wide-angle radiation signals to realize the widening of the wave beam width of the antenna; the two groups of yagi leading units are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate and distributed on one side of the crossed dipole, and leading is carried out by changing the phase of induced current on the yagi leading units.
Preferably, the grounded coplanar waveguide comprises a central strip line arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, metal grounds arranged on two sides of the central strip line and a metal floor arranged on the lower side of the dielectric substrate, and the central strip line is separated from the metal grounds on two sides of the central strip line through a slot.
Preferably, the slots include a long straight slot and a diagonal slot-to-slot, and the grounded coplanar waveguide is transition-matched with the substrate integrated waveguide through the diagonal slot-to-slot.
Preferably, the length of the diagonal slot-to-slot is an integer multiple of the wavelength of center frequency 1/4.
Preferably, a row of through holes is provided in a parallel direction along the outer edge of the groove.
Preferably, the antenna adopts a coaxial probe feeding mode.
Preferably, the crossed dipole is composed of a feeder line and sector antenna arms, and the sector antenna arms of the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate are distributed on different sides of the feeder line and are symmetrical with respect to the feeder line.
Preferably, each group of yagi guiding units consists of three rectangular metal passive vibrators, and the rectangular metal passive vibrators and the feeder line form a certain included angle.
Preferably, the phase of the induced current on the metal parasitic element is changed by adjusting the length of the metal parasitic element and the distance to the crossed dipole.
Preferably, the sum of the electrical lengths of the crossed dipoles is 1/2 wavelengths of the antenna center frequency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the invention has wide beam width, wide working impedance bandwidth, low profile, small size and light weight, and can be widely applied to wireless communication systems; (2) the invention has the advantages of compact structure, simple feed, high integration level, convenient processing and low production cost.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of the low-profile miniaturized broadband wide beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the lower surface structure of the low-profile miniaturized broadband wide beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural dimension diagram of the low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of return loss of the low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-beam antenna of the present invention at 35 GHz.
Detailed Description
It is easily understood that various embodiments of the present invention can be conceived by those skilled in the art according to the technical solution of the present invention without changing the essential spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as all of the present invention or as limitations or limitations on the technical aspects of the present invention. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the innovative concepts of the invention.
The invention has the conception that with reference to the figures 1-3, the invention discloses a low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-beam antenna, which comprises a grounding coplanar waveguide, a pair of crossed dipoles, two groups of yagi guiding units and a substrate integrated waveguide 4, wherein one end of the grounding coplanar waveguide is connected with a coaxial probe to feed the antenna, and the other end of the grounding coplanar waveguide realizes good transition matching to the substrate integrated waveguide 4 in the form of a diagonal slot to a slot 3, so that the wide working impedance bandwidth is realized; the tail end of the substrate integrated waveguide 4 is connected with a cross dipole, and the cross dipole is excited to generate a wide-angle radiation signal, so that the width of an antenna beam is widened; the yagi direction units are printed on the top and bottom surfaces of the dielectric substrate and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the crossed dipole, and the yagi direction units are used for further widening the beam width of the antenna by changing the phase of induced current on the yagi direction units to achieve a direction effect.
In a further embodiment, the grounded coplanar waveguide comprises a central strip line 1 arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, metal grounds arranged on two sides of the central strip line 1 and a metal floor arranged on the other surface of the dielectric substrate, the central strip line 1 is separated from the metal grounds on the two sides by a slot, and the slot is formed by connecting a long straight slot 2 and an oblique slot pair slot 3. The invention realizes the transition and good matching from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide 4 by the form of opening the inclined seam to the groove 3 on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, thereby realizing wide working impedance bandwidth.
Specifically, the dielectric substrate is provided with a through hole 8 along a direction parallel to the outer edges of the long straight groove 2 and the oblique slit pair groove 3, so as to suppress the leakage of electromagnetic wave energy. The good matching of the transition from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide 4 is realized in the form of opening the inclined seam to the groove 3 on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, and further the wide working impedance bandwidth is realized.
The invention adopts a coaxial probe feeding mode, and the probe is connected with the central strip line 1 of the grounding coplanar waveguide.
In a further embodiment, a pair of crossed dipoles are respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the crossed dipoles are composed of a feeder 5 and sector antenna arms 6, and the sector antenna arms 6 on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate are distributed on both sides of the feeder 5 and are symmetrical with respect to the feeder 5. The feeder 5 is connected with the tail end of the substrate integrated waveguide 4, and the sector antenna arm 6 is excited to generate a wide-angle radiation signal, so that the beam width of the antenna is widened.
In a further embodiment, two sets of yagi elements are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, respectively, and are located outside the crossed dipole sector antenna arms 6. Each group of yagi direction units consists of three rectangular metal passive vibrators 7 and forms a certain included angle with a straight line where the feeder line is located. The length and the relative position of the metal passive oscillator 7 are properly adjusted, the phase of the induced current on the oscillator 7 is changed, and the oscillator is used as a director to further widen the beam width of the antenna.
In the above technical solution, the portion of the working impedance bandwidth for realizing the antenna width is: the analysis shows that the performance of the grounding coplanar waveguide is related to the length of the long straight slot 2 and the length and the width of the oblique slot pair slot 3. The length of the slot 3 is most significantly affected by the diagonal slot, which is typically chosen to be an integer multiple of the 1/4 wavelength center frequency, and about 1/4 wavelength for this antenna.
In the above technical solution, the beam width part for realizing the antenna width is: the sum of the electrical lengths of the crossed dipoles (feed 5 and sector antenna arms 6) is approximately 1/2 wavelengths of the antenna center frequency. The length of the yagi guiding unit passive oscillator 7 and the relative position of the yagi guiding unit passive oscillator have obvious influence on the widening of the beam width of the antenna, and the width and the distance of the passive oscillator 7 have little influence on the widening of the beam width.
The invention adopts a coaxial probe feeding mode, and provides a low-profile miniaturized wide-bandwidth beam antenna with compact structure and simple feeding by the combined action of the grounding coplanar waveguide, the crossed dipole and the yagi guiding unit.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-bandwidth beam antenna of the embodiment is characterized in that the antenna structure sequentially comprises a grounding coplanar waveguide, a crossed dipole and a yagi-uda directing unit from left to right. The design of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure realizes good matching of the transition from the grounded coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide, thereby realizing wide working impedance bandwidth; the cross dipole is used for generating wide-angle radiation signals to realize the widening of the beam width of the antenna; the yagi director elements act as directors for further expanding the antenna beam width.
With reference to fig. 4, the dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4350B plate, the height of the dielectric substrate is subH 0.508mm, and the length and width of the dielectric substrate are Sy 18.4mm and Sx 7.2mm, respectively; the substrate integrated waveguide 4 is arranged on the dielectric substrate, the distance a between two rows of through holes equivalent to the width of the substrate integrated waveguide 4 is 3.6mm, the diameter d of the through holes is 0.4mm, and the distance p between adjacent through holes is 0.6 mm.
The width of the central strip line 1 of the grounded coplanar waveguide is Wf 0.7mm, the width of the long straight groove 2 is g 0.15mm, the length of the long straight groove is Lf 4mm, and the length of the central strip line from the through hole 8 is s 0.4 mm; the length of the diagonal groove 3 is set to Lt 2.1mm, and the width of one side is set to Wt 0.67 mm.
The width Wa of the cross dipole feeder line 5 is 0.3mm, and the length La is 2 mm; one side of the sector antenna arm 6 is made to rotate 90 degrees by taking the tail end of the feeder line 5 connected with the sector antenna arm as a starting point and taking the radius Ra as 1.5 mm; the other side is formed by winding an arc line which extends to the horizontal direction from the opposite side and is connected with the tail end of the feeder line 5 by the length Wd which is 1 mm.
Each group of yagi guiding units consists of three rectangular metal passive vibrators 7, the included angle between each group of yagi guiding units and the straight line where the feeder line is located is alpha-45 degrees, the width of each vibrator 7 is Ws-0.15 mm, the distance between each group of vibrators 7 is ds-0.3 mm, and the length of each group of vibrators is Li-1.5 mm; the relative positions of the centers of the three vibrators 7 to the center line of the dielectric substrate are dx equal to 1.2mm and dy equal to 1.3mm respectively.
And carrying out simulation optimization on the whole structure of the antenna in electromagnetic simulation software Ansys HFSS to obtain a simulation result of the low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-beam antenna.
As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the return loss of the low-profile miniaturized wideband wide-bandwidth beam antenna of this embodiment is lower than-10 dB in the frequency band of 30.8-38.9GHz, the bandwidth is about 8.1GHz, and the relative bandwidth is about 23.1%; at 35GHz, the maximum gain is about 3.8dBi, the 3dB beamwidth for the 0 ° facet is about 104 °, and the 3dB beamwidth for the 90 ° facet is about 209 °.
In summary, the low-profile miniaturized wideband wide-beam antenna of the present invention has the advantages of low profile, small size, light weight, easy implementation, convenient processing, etc. while the good matching of the grounded coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide realizes the wide working impedance bandwidth, and the combined action of the crossed dipole and the yagi guiding unit realizes the wide beam width.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
It should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes described in a single embodiment or with reference to a single figure, for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of various aspects of the invention by those skilled in the art. However, the present invention should not be construed such that the features included in the exemplary embodiments are all the essential technical features of the patent claims.
It should be understood that the modules, units, components, and the like included in the device of one embodiment of the present invention may be adaptively changed to be provided in a device different from that of the embodiment. The different modules, units or components comprised by the apparatus of an embodiment may be combined into one module, unit or component or they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules, sub-units or sub-components.
Claims (10)
1. A low-profile miniaturized broadband wide-beam antenna is characterized by comprising a grounding coplanar waveguide, a pair of crossed dipoles, two groups of yagi guiding units and a substrate integrated waveguide, wherein one end of the grounding coplanar waveguide is connected with a coaxial probe to feed the antenna, and the other end of the grounding coplanar waveguide is connected with one end of the substrate integrated waveguide; the pair of crossed dipoles are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the other end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the crossed dipoles, and the crossed dipoles are excited to generate wide-angle radiation signals to realize the widening of the wave beam width of the antenna; the two groups of yagi leading units are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate and distributed on one side of the crossed dipole, and leading is carried out by changing the phase of induced current on the yagi leading units.
2. The low profile miniaturized wideband wide bandwidth beam antenna of claim 1 wherein said grounded coplanar waveguide comprises a central strip line disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, metal grounds disposed on either side of the central strip line, and metal ground plates disposed on the lower side of the dielectric substrate, said central strip line being separated from the metal grounds on either side thereof by a slot.
3. A low profile miniaturized broadband wide beam antenna according to claim 2, wherein said slots comprise a long straight slot and a slot-to-slot, and said grounded coplanar waveguide is transition matched to the substrate integrated waveguide through slot-to-slot.
4. The low profile miniaturized wide bandwidth beam antenna of claim 1 wherein the length of the slot-to-slot is an integer multiple of the wavelength of center frequency 1/4.
5. A low profile miniaturized broad bandwidth beam antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that a row of through holes is provided in parallel direction along the outer edge of the slot.
6. The low profile miniaturized wide bandwidth beam antenna of claim 1, wherein said antenna is fed by a coaxial probe.
7. A low profile miniaturized broadband beam antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the crossed dipole is composed of a feed line and sector antenna arms, the sector antenna arms of the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate being distributed on different sides of the feed line and being symmetrical with respect to the feed line.
8. The low profile miniaturized wideband wide beam antenna of claim 1 where each group of yagi director elements consists of three rectangular metal parasitic elements that are angled from the line of the feed line.
9. The low profile miniaturized wide bandwidth beam antenna of claim 7, wherein the phase of the induced current on the metal parasitic element is changed by adjusting the length of the metal parasitic element and the distance to the crossed dipole.
10. The low profile miniaturized wide bandwidth beam antenna of claim 1, wherein the sum of the electrical lengths of said crossed dipoles is 1/2 wavelengths of the antenna center frequency.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115425409A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Waveguide slot energy selection antenna |
| CN115441143A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-06 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Feed conversion structure, antenna device, antenna array, and radar |
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