CN114784495A - Millimeter wave wide bandwidth wave beam patch antenna - Google Patents

Millimeter wave wide bandwidth wave beam patch antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114784495A
CN114784495A CN202210507574.2A CN202210507574A CN114784495A CN 114784495 A CN114784495 A CN 114784495A CN 202210507574 A CN202210507574 A CN 202210507574A CN 114784495 A CN114784495 A CN 114784495A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
dielectric substrate
patch
patch antenna
parasitic
conductive structure
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Pending
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CN202210507574.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨实
施金
王磊
陈吉
方家兴
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Novaco Microelectronics Technologies Ltd
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Novaco Microelectronics Technologies Ltd
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Priority to CN202210507574.2A priority Critical patent/CN114784495A/en
Publication of CN114784495A publication Critical patent/CN114784495A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a millimeter wave broadband wide beam patch antenna, which comprises: the antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, a main radiating unit and a parasitic patch set, wherein the main radiating unit and the parasitic patch set are arranged on the first surface of the first dielectric substrate; the antenna comprises a third dielectric substrate, a grounding unit arranged between the first surface of the third dielectric substrate and the second surface of the second dielectric substrate, a conductor strip arranged on the second surface of the third dielectric substrate, a first conductive structure used for connecting the parasitic patch group and the grounding unit, and a second conductive structure used for connecting the second radiating unit and the conductor strip. The millimeter wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna has the characteristics of low profile, compact structure, broadband, stable beam width in bandwidth, suitability for millimeter wave application and the like.

Description

Millimeter wave wide bandwidth wave beam patch antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of patch antennas, in particular to a millimeter wave wide-bandwidth beam patch antenna.
Background
The rich communication bandwidth of the millimeter wave frequency band provides an effective way for high-speed communication transmission. Therefore, the millimeter wave antenna has wide application prospects in the fields of satellite communication, automatic driving, factory automation, fifth-generation mobile communication and the like. Typically, such application scenarios require higher data transmission rates, and thus the millimeter wave antenna needs to operate in a broadband to meet the bandwidth requirements of the high data transmission rates. In addition, the path loss of the millimeter wave frequency band is severe, and the scanning phased array antenna technology is required to be used for beam forming to improve the gain, so that the high path loss is compensated, and the transmission distance of the system is increased. However, the phased array antenna faces a problem of gain drop during wide-angle scanning, and in order to reduce the gain drop during wide-angle scanning of the phased array antenna, it is necessary to design a millimeter wave antenna having a wide beam width. In summary, millimeter wave systems are in urgent need of wide bandwidth beam millimeter wave antennas.
In recent years, studies on how to widen the beam width of an antenna element have been increasing at home and abroad. By loading the omnidirectional monopole to the patch antenna and introducing the current in the vertical direction, the beam width of the patch antenna can be effectively improved, but the height of the antenna section is obviously increased or the plane size is larger. The beam bandwidth of the antenna can also be improved by reducing the effective aperture of the patch antenna, for example, reducing the distance between two radiating slots or transforming the patch antenna into a single magnetic current slot radiation, but the antenna gain is seriously reduced, and the working bandwidth of the design is narrow at present. A wide beam radiation pattern can be obtained by combining the radiation of magnetic dipoles and electric dipoles, but the cross polarization of such a design is large; wide beam radiation can also be achieved by loading the patch antenna with parasitic elements, but such designs are typically narrower in bandwidth or larger in size.
The wide-beam patch antenna in the prior art has one or more of the problems of high profile, large size, narrow bandwidth, poor stability of beam width in bandwidth, large cross polarization, unsuitability for millimeter wave application and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a millimeter wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna to solve the problem that the millimeter wave patch antenna in the prior art does not have a wide beam width and the wide-beam patch antenna is not suitable for millimeter wave application.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a millimeter-wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna comprising:
a first dielectric substrate;
the main radiation unit is arranged on the first surface of the first dielectric substrate;
the parasitic patch group is arranged on the first surface of the first medium substrate and uniformly surrounds the radiation unit;
a second dielectric substrate disposed parallel to the first dielectric substrate;
a second radiation unit disposed between the first surface of the second dielectric substrate and the second surface of the first dielectric substrate;
a third dielectric substrate disposed parallel to the second dielectric substrate;
a grounding unit disposed between the first surface of the third dielectric substrate and the second surface of the second dielectric substrate;
a conductor strip disposed on the second surface of the third dielectric substrate;
the first conducting structure is used for connecting the parasitic patch group and the grounding unit;
a second conductive structure for connecting the second radiating element and the conductor strip.
Further: the parasitic patch group comprises 4n parasitic patches, wherein n is an integer not less than 1;
the parasitic patch is provided with a plurality of first conductive structures, and the first conductive structures are close to one side of the parasitic patch, which is far away from the radiating unit.
And further: the parasitic patch comprises a rectangular metal patch, and the first conductive structure is close to two sides of the parasitic patch, which are far away from the radiating unit.
Further: the center distance between two adjacent first conductive structures is not more than 0.05 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of air.
And further: the main radiating unit comprises a square metal patch, and the center of the main radiating unit is coaxially overlapped with the center of the first dielectric substrate.
Further: the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate are identical in shape and coaxially overlapped in center.
And further: the second radiating unit comprises a square metal patch, and the center of the second radiating unit is coaxially overlapped with the center of the second dielectric substrate.
And further: the grounding unit comprises a metal ground, the shape of the grounding unit is the same as that of the third dielectric substrate, and the centers of the grounding unit and the third dielectric substrate are coaxially overlapped;
and the metal ground is provided with a ground through hole, the second conductive structure penetrates through the ground through hole, and two ends of the second conductive structure are respectively connected with the second radiating unit and the conductor strip.
Further: the distance between the second conductive structure and the second radiation unit is 0.15-0.25 a, wherein a is the side length of the second radiation unit.
And further: the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are both metal through holes.
By adopting the technical scheme, the parasitic patch group is arranged to form the equivalent microstrip magnetic dipole group, when the feed signal excites the waveguide mode of the main radiation unit and the second radiation unit, the equivalent microstrip magnetic dipole group is coupled with the waveguide mode to obtain two pairs of opposite-phase magnetic currents, and the opposite-phase magnetic currents are superposed with the current source of the patch antenna to obtain the stable capacity of widening the beam width in the whole frequency band; in addition, the power ratio obtained by the microstrip magnetic dipole set can be adjusted by adjusting the coupling between the patch antenna and the equivalent microstrip magnetic dipole set, and further the numerical value of the half-power beam width can be adjusted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a one-dot chain line a-a' in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of the second dielectric substrate 2 in the patch antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of a ground element in the patch antenna according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a bottom view of the third dielectric substrate 3 in the patch antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of simulated matching and gain curves for a patch antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulated E-plane radiation pattern at 26GHz for a patch antenna of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulated H-plane radiation pattern at 26GHz for a patch antenna of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph of simulated E-plane 3-dB beamwidth versus frequency for a patch antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a first dielectric substrate, 2-a second dielectric substrate, 3-a third dielectric substrate, 4-a main radiating element, 5-a parasitic patch, 51-a first parasitic patch, 52-a second parasitic patch, 53-a third parasitic patch, 54-a fourth parasitic patch, 6-a second radiating element, 7-a metal ground, 8-a conductor strip, 91-a first conductive structure, and 92-a second conductive structure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the respective embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
It is to be understood that the terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise defined. Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.
As used in this specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," and "containing" when used in this specification specify the presence of stated features, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features. The term "and/or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description, spatial terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "high", "low", and the like may describe a relationship of one feature to another feature in the drawings. It will be understood that the spatial relationship terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, features originally described as "below" other features may be described as "above" other features when the device in the figures is inverted. The device may also be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 or at other orientations) and the relative spatial relationships are explained accordingly.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. In the drawings, the size of some of the features may be varied for clarity.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a one-dot chain line a-a' in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the patch antenna includes a three-layer dielectric substrate and four metal layers separated by the three-layer dielectric substrate.
The three dielectric substrates are respectively a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 2 and a third dielectric substrate 3 from top to bottom, the three dielectric substrates have the same shape and size, the centers of the three dielectric substrates are coaxially overlapped, each dielectric substrate is respectively provided with a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, in the embodiment of the invention, the first surface is an upper surface, and the second surface is a lower surface.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the three dielectric substrates are all square dielectric substrates, and the material of the dielectric substrate is a dielectric substrate commonly used in the prior art, which is not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 1, a main radiating element 4 and a parasitic patch group are disposed on the first surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, the parasitic patch group is uniformly disposed around the radiating element, the main radiating element 4 is configured to generate a waveguide mode of the main radiating element 4 based on a feed signal, and the parasitic patch group may form a half-open equivalent microstrip magnetic dipole group to couple with the waveguide mode of the main radiating element 4.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the main radiating element 4 is a square metal patch, and the center of the main radiating element 4 coaxially overlaps the center of the first dielectric substrate 1.
The parasitic patch group includes 4n parasitic patches 5, where n is an integer not less than 1, and in the embodiment of the present invention, it is described by taking n ═ 1 as an example, that is, the parasitic patch group includes four parasitic patches 5: the patch structure comprises a first parasitic patch 51, a second parasitic patch 52, a third parasitic patch 53 and a fourth parasitic patch 54, wherein a first conductive structure group is vertically arranged at the lower ends of the four parasitic patches 5, and the first conductive structure group is also connected with a grounding unit. The four parasitic patches 5 and the first conductive structure arranged on the body of the parasitic patches form four half-open equivalent micro-strip magnetic dipoles.
Since the parasitic patch groups are uniformly arranged around the radiating unit, and the first dielectric substrate 1 is a square dielectric substrate, in the embodiment of the present invention, the four parasitic patches 5 are respectively arranged at the positions of the four corners of the first dielectric substrate 1 and are symmetrical to each other, so as to maintain the symmetry of the directional diagram while widening the beam width.
Four sides of the four parasitic patches 5 are respectively defined as a first side, a second side, a third side and a fourth side, and the side length of the four parasitic patches 5 is about 0.1 λ, where λ is the air wavelength.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first conductive structure group includes 5 first conductive structures 55 with the same size and shape, and is disposed on the parasitic patch 5 near the lower ends of the two sides far from the radiating element. In order to make the parasitic patch 5 constitute a half-open equivalent microstrip magnetic dipole, the first conductive structures are arranged such that, as shown in the figure, the 5 first conductive structures of the first parasitic patch 51 are uniformly arranged near the first side and the second side, and the distance between two adjacent first conductive structures is not more than 0.05 λ, wherein λ is the wavelength of air, so that the first side and the second side are short-circuited, and the other two sides are open-circuited, thereby forming a half-open equivalent microstrip magnetic dipole, which provides a coupling magnetic current for antenna radiation.
The 5 first conductive structures of the second parasitic patch 52 are uniformly arranged near the second edge and the third edge, the 5 first conductive structures of the third parasitic patch 53 are uniformly arranged near the third edge and the fourth edge, and the 5 first conductive structures of the fourth parasitic patch 54 are uniformly arranged near the fourth edge and the first edge, and because the shape structures of the three parasitic patches 5 are similar to the shape structure of the first parasitic patch 51, a symmetrical relationship exists, and therefore the shape positions of the first conductive structures on the three parasitic patches 5 are not described again.
A second radiating element 6 is disposed between the second surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 and the first surface of the second dielectric substrate 2, as shown in fig. 3, the second radiating element 6 is connected to the conductor strip 8 through a second conductive structure 92, in order to implement impedance matching of the antenna, a distance between the second conductive structure 92 and an edge of the second radiating element 6 is 0.15a to 0.25a, where a is a side length of the second radiating element 6, and the second radiating element 6 is configured to generate a waveguide mode of the second radiating element 6 based on a feed signal, and is coupled to four half-open equivalent microstrip magnetic dipoles.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the second radiating element 6 includes a square metal patch, and the center of the second radiating element 6 coaxially overlaps with the center of the second dielectric substrate 2.
A grounding unit is arranged between the second surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 and the first surface of the third dielectric substrate 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the grounding unit is a metal ground 7, as shown in fig. 4, the shape of the metal ground 7 is the same as the shape of the three dielectric substrates, and the size is the same, that is, the metal ground 7 is also a square structure.
A ground via 71 is provided in the metal ground 7 to facilitate connection of the second radiating element 6 to the conductor strip 8 via the second conductive structure 92.
The second surface of the third dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a conductor strip 8, as shown in fig. 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the conductor strip 8 is a metal strip, a first end of the conductor strip 8 is located at the midpoint of one side of the third dielectric substrate 3, the conductor strip 8 is vertically arranged on the horizontal plane of the side, a second end is located on the third dielectric substrate 3 and is located in the same vertical direction with the ground via 71, and the conductor strip 8 and the metal ground 7 form a microstrip line and serve as a feed line of the antenna.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first conductive structure 91 and the second conductive structure 92 are metal through holes, which are commonly used in the art and are not described herein again.
The patch antenna of the present invention is fed through the bottom conductor strip 8, and the signal is conducted to the second radiation element 6 through the second conductive structure 92 to excite the TM of the second radiation element 610A mode; the mode signal is coupled to the main radiating element 4 through the second radiating element 6, thereby exciting the TM of the main radiating element 410Mode(s).
TM of main radiating element 410Mode and TM of the second radiating element 610Mode coupling to four half-open equivalent microstrip magnetic dipoles due to TM10The electric fields at two sides of the mode are opposite, so that four half-open equivalent microstrip magnetic dipoles form two pairs of magnetic current radiation sources with opposite phases, and the two pairs of magnetic current radiation sources with opposite phases are obtainedAnd the end-fire directional diagram along the polarization direction is superposed and synthesized with the directional diagram of the laminated patch antenna, so that the half-power beam width of the antenna radiation directional diagram is improved, and the beam width is stable in the whole working frequency band. By adjusting the coupling between the laminated patch and the equivalent microstrip magnetic dipole, the power ratio obtained by the microstrip magnetic dipole can be adjusted, and further the numerical value of the half-power beam width can be adjusted.
Simulation experiment
In the embodiment, the dielectric constant is 3.66, and the cross-sectional height at the central frequency of 26.05GHz is 0.06 lambda0The parameters of (2) are used for carrying out simulation experiments on the patch antenna.
Fig. 6 is a graph of simulation results of a matching response and a gain curve of the patch antenna of example 1, and it can be seen from the graph that the frequency range of the 10dB matching bandwidth is 24GHz-28.1GHz, i.e., the relative bandwidth reaches 15.7%, and the gain at the center frequency is 5.2 dBi. Fig. 7 and 8 are an E-plane radiation pattern and an H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna at 26GHz, respectively, and fig. 9 is a graph of the E-plane 3-dB beam width of the antenna as a function of frequency, and it can be seen that the E-plane 3-dB beam width of the antenna can reach 110 ° and the beam width is stable within the bandwidth.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A millimeter wave wide bandwidth beam patch antenna characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
a first dielectric substrate;
the main radiation unit is arranged on the first surface of the first medium substrate;
the parasitic patch group is arranged on the first surface of the first medium substrate and uniformly surrounds the main radiation unit;
the second dielectric substrate is arranged in parallel to the first dielectric substrate;
the second radiation unit is arranged between the first surface of the second dielectric substrate and the second surface of the first dielectric substrate;
the third dielectric substrate is arranged in parallel to the second dielectric substrate;
a grounding unit disposed between the first surface of the third dielectric substrate and the second surface of the second dielectric substrate;
a conductor strip disposed on the second surface of the third dielectric substrate;
the first conductive structure is used for connecting the parasitic patch group and the grounding unit;
a second conductive structure for connecting the second radiating element and the conductor strip.
2. The millimeter-wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parasitic patch group comprises 4n parasitic patches, wherein n is an integer not less than 1;
the parasitic patch is provided with a plurality of first conductive structures, and the first conductive structures are close to one side of the parasitic patch, which is far away from the radiating unit.
3. The millimeter-wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: the parasitic patch comprises a rectangular metal patch, and the first conductive structure is close to two sides of the parasitic patch, which are far away from the radiating unit.
4. The millimeter wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: the center distance between two adjacent first conductive structures is not more than 0.05 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of air.
5. The millimeter wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: the main radiating unit comprises a square metal patch, and the center of the main radiating unit is coaxially overlapped with the center of the first dielectric substrate.
6. The millimeter-wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna according to claim 5, wherein: the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate are identical in shape and coaxially overlapped in center.
7. The millimeter-wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna according to claim 6, wherein: the second radiating unit comprises a square metal patch, and the center of the second radiating unit is coaxially overlapped with the center of the second dielectric substrate.
8. The millimeter wave wide bandwidth beam patch antenna of claim 7, wherein: the grounding unit comprises a metal ground, the shape of the grounding unit is the same as that of the third dielectric substrate, and the centers of the grounding unit and the third dielectric substrate are coaxially overlapped;
and the metal ground is provided with a ground through hole, the second conductive structure penetrates through the ground through hole, and two ends of the second conductive structure are respectively connected with the second radiating unit and the conductor strip.
9. The millimeter wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna according to claim 8, wherein: the distance between the second conductive structure and the edge of the second radiating unit is 0.15-0.25 a, wherein a is the side length of the second radiating unit.
10. The millimeter wave broadband wide-beam patch antenna according to claim 9, wherein: the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are both metal through holes.
CN202210507574.2A 2022-05-11 2022-05-11 Millimeter wave wide bandwidth wave beam patch antenna Pending CN114784495A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116780210A (en) * 2023-08-17 2023-09-19 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 Compact low mutual coupling patch antenna with wide wave beams

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090201211A1 (en) * 2008-01-15 2009-08-13 Nokia Siemens Networks Oy Patch antenna
TWI674703B (en) * 2018-06-13 2019-10-11 長庚大學 Wide beam high gain array antenna
CN112688079A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-20 华南理工大学 Dual-polarized wide beam antenna based on loading bent grounding metal column
CN113644425A (en) * 2021-07-12 2021-11-12 南京鲲瑜信息科技有限公司 Wide-bandwidth beam antenna for short-distance vehicle-mounted radar
CN113964508A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-21 华南理工大学 Broadband dual-polarization millimeter wave antenna and wide-angle scanning array thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090201211A1 (en) * 2008-01-15 2009-08-13 Nokia Siemens Networks Oy Patch antenna
TWI674703B (en) * 2018-06-13 2019-10-11 長庚大學 Wide beam high gain array antenna
TW202002406A (en) * 2018-06-13 2020-01-01 長庚大學 Wide beam high gain array antenna including a first substrate, a ground layer, and a second substrate
CN112688079A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-20 华南理工大学 Dual-polarized wide beam antenna based on loading bent grounding metal column
CN113644425A (en) * 2021-07-12 2021-11-12 南京鲲瑜信息科技有限公司 Wide-bandwidth beam antenna for short-distance vehicle-mounted radar
CN113964508A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-21 华南理工大学 Broadband dual-polarization millimeter wave antenna and wide-angle scanning array thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116780210A (en) * 2023-08-17 2023-09-19 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 Compact low mutual coupling patch antenna with wide wave beams
CN116780210B (en) * 2023-08-17 2023-11-07 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 Compact low mutual coupling patch antenna with wide wave beams

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