TW202002406A - Wide beam high gain array antenna including a first substrate, a ground layer, and a second substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a wide beam high gain array antenna, which includes a first substrate, a ground layer, and a second substrate. The first substrate, the ground layer, and the second substrate are laminated structures. A feed network layer is disposed on one surface of the first substrate, and a main patch antenna and a plurality of parasitic patch antennas are disposed on one surface of the second substrate. The main patch antenna includes a first metal through-hole. The first metal through-hole penetrates through the first substrate, the ground layer, and the second substrate and is electrically connected to the feed network layer. Each of the parasitic patch antennas includes a second metal through-hole. The second metal through-hole penetrates through the second substrate and is electrically connected to the ground layer. The present invention uses the parasitic patch antennas having metal through-holes to assist the main patch antenna, so as to accumulate the two fields to increase the beam width, thereby effectively solving the problem of insufficient antenna beam width, and meeting the requirements of vehicle antenna beam width.

Description

Broad beam high gain array antenna

The technology of the present invention relates to the field of antennas, and particularly refers to an anti-collision radar array antenna with a wide beam and high gain.

With the development of the times and social progress, the number of cars is increasing, traffic accidents are increasing, and people pay more attention to vehicle safety. The vehicle has the function of collision warning or active collision avoidance, which can effectively reduce accidents and improve vehicle safety. Therefore, forward collision warning systems (FCWS) and forward collision avoidance systems (FCAS) ), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and other vehicle safety technologies have developed rapidly in recent years. The above systems have in common that the vehicle anti-collision radar measures the distance between the host vehicle and the target workshop, the relative speed and the relative azimuth, and transmits it to the control system. In recent years, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) has gradually become one of the smart vehicle technologies actively developed by car manufacturers. Currently, ADAS is the most important detection field, including front, side and rear camera lenses, Sensors such as microwave radar or laser radar capture real-time road information to assist driving judgment.

Anti-collision radars for vehicles mostly use microstrip patch antennas as sensors to detect the distance and direction of the workshop. However, the gain of the patch unit antenna is about 4~7 dBi, and the beam width is mostly 70°~90° Compared with the ideal gain of 10 dBi and the ideal beam width of 120°, it is still insufficient, so it has the disadvantages of insufficient gain and insufficient beam width electrically. In order to improve the above-mentioned shortcomings, existing literature has proposed the use of an array antenna (Antenna array) to increase the gain. On the other hand, parasitic elements can be used to increase the beam width. Or use a lower dielectric constant plate, reduce the ground plane or increase the size of the substrate to widen the beam, but reducing the ground plane or increasing the substrate area will also reduce the gain. If a metal interface wall is added below the ground plane, the beam can be widened by affecting the field distribution around the main patch, but this method requires additional processing, so it will increase the manufacturing cost and antenna size. Therefore, the current design of vehicle collision avoidance radar antennas still has room for improvement.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a wide-beam high-gain array antenna, which can effectively improve the problem of insufficient beam width of the antenna and meet the requirements of the vehicle antenna beam width. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical means, wherein the present invention provides a wide beam high gain array antenna, including: a first substrate, a feed network layer, a ground layer, a second substrate , At least one main patch antenna and a plurality of parasitic patch antennas. The feed network layer is disposed on a surface of the first substrate and is used for electrical connection with a signal source. The ground layer is disposed on the other surface of the first substrate, and one surface of the second substrate is connected to the ground layer. The main patch antenna is disposed on the other surface of the second substrate. The parasitic patch antennas are disposed on both sides of the main patch antenna and are separated from the main patch antenna by a first distance. Wherein, the main patch antenna includes a first metal through hole, the first metal through hole penetrates the first substrate, the ground layer and the second substrate, and is respectively connected with the feed network layer and the main patch antenna For telecommunication connection, each of the parasitic patch antennas includes a second metal through hole that penetrates the second substrate and is electrically connected to the ground layer and the parasitic patch antenna, respectively.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main patch antenna and the parasitic patch antennas are arranged on the second substrate along a first direction.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shapes of the main patch antenna and the parasitic patch antennas are rectangular.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main patch antenna and the parasitic patch antenna are arranged in an array, and each side of each main patch antenna includes two of the parasitic patch antennas.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first metal through hole is a hollow metal cylinder.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second metal through hole is a hollow metal cylinder.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the array antenna includes a plurality of main patch antennas, and each of the main patch antennas has four of the parasitic patch antennas.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed network layer includes a plurality of metal lines, an impedance converter, a power divider, and a signal source line.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of the metal lines is electrically connected to the first metal through holes, one end of the impedance converter is electrically connected to the other end of the metal lines, and one end of the power divider is connected to the impedance The other end of the converter is electrically connected, and the signal source line is respectively connected to the other end of the power splitter and the signal source.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the line width of the metal lines is 0.5 mm, the line width of the impedance converter is 2 mm, the line width of the power divider is 1.8 mm, and the width of the signal source line is 0.5 mm.

The technical means and structure adopted by the present invention are described in detail in terms of the embodiments of the present invention. The features and functions are as follows, but it should be noted that the content does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 at the same time, which are the structural schematic diagram, the cross-sectional schematic diagram and the partially enlarged schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. The invention provides a wide-beam high-gain array antenna, comprising: a first substrate 1, a feeding network layer 2, a ground layer 3, a second substrate 4, at least one main patch antenna 5 and a plurality of parasitic patches Antenna 6.

The first substrate 1 is a laminated substrate having the advantages of low dielectric constant, low loss factor, stable frequency and temperature, etc., and is suitable as a patch board for a patch antenna and a feeding network.

The feed network layer 2 is disposed on a surface 11 of the first substrate 1, the ground layer 3 is disposed on the other surface of the first substrate 1, and the surface of the second substrate 4 is connected to the ground layer 3 . The array antenna of the present invention has a double-layer substrate structure, and a metal ground layer is provided between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 4.

The main patch antenna 5 is disposed on the other surface 41 of the second substrate 4, each of the main patch antenna 5 includes a first metal through hole 51, the first metal through hole 51 penetrates the first substrate 1. The ground layer 3 and the second substrate 4 are electrically connected to the feed network layer 2 and the main patch antenna 5 respectively. The first metal through hole 51 is a hollow metal cylinder or a solid metal cylinder, which penetrates the first substrate 1, the ground layer 3, and the second substrate 4 and is electrically connected to the feed network layer 2 to transmit the array antenna Sensor signal. The present invention does not limit the relative positional relationship between the first metal through-hole 51 and the main patch antenna 5, which can be connected to the center of the main patch antenna 5, however, considering the mutual coupling effect of the radiation edges, the first The position of the metal through hole 51 affects the input impedance, so the position of the first metal through hole 51 can also be adjusted to achieve the required input impedance.

Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, which is a schematic diagram of a feeding network layer and a patch antenna of a preferred embodiment of a wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present invention, the array antenna includes a plurality of main patch antennas 5, each of which has four parasitic patch antennas 6 beside the main patch antenna 5, and the feed network layer 2 includes A plurality of metal lines 21, an impedance converter 22, a power divider 23 and a signal source line 24. One end of the metal lines 21 is electrically connected to the first metal through holes 51, one end of the impedance converter 22 is electrically connected to the other end of the metal lines 21, and one end of the power divider 23 is connected to the impedance converter 22 The other end is connected by telecommunications, and the signal source line 24 is respectively connected to the other end of the power divider 23 and the signal source by telecommunications. Preferably, the line width of the metal lines 21 is 0.5 mm, the line width of the impedance converter 22 is 2 mm, the line width of the power divider 23 is 1.8 mm, and the width of the signal source line 24 is 0.5 Mm. The feeding network layer 2 of the present invention is connected by a series-parallel feeding network. The metal lines 21, the impedance converter 22 and the first metal through holes 51 are connected in parallel; the signal source, the signal source end line 24, The power dividers 23 are connected in series.

The parasitic patch antenna 6 and the main patch antenna 5 are located on the same layer of medium to increase the bandwidth and gain of the main patch antenna 5. The parasitic patch antenna 6 couples the energy radiation by being adjacent to the main patch. Since the beam width required by the anti-collision radar antenna is quite wide, in order to further increase the beam width of the array antenna, the parasitic patch antenna 6 is arranged on the main patch On both sides of the antenna 5, the current phase of the parasitic element is opposite to that of the main patch antenna 5, and a cancellation effect is generated, thereby reducing the effective radiation aperture and increasing the beam width.

The parasitic patch antennas 6 each include a second metal through-hole 61 that penetrates the second substrate 4 and is electrically connected to the ground layer 3 and one of the parasitic patch antennas 6 respectively , Wherein the second metal through hole 61 is a hollow metal cylinder or a solid metal cylinder.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the positions of the second metal through holes 61 are designed in the middle of the parasitic patch antennas 6, the radius is 0.2 mm, and the height is the same as the thickness of the second substrate 4.

In this embodiment, the shapes of the main patch antenna 5 and the parasitic patch antennas 6 are rectangular, but not limited to this. The present invention does not limit the number of main patch antennas 5. In order to increase the overall gain of the array antenna, the number of main patch antennas 5 can be increased according to actual needs, such as four or eight. In the preferred embodiment, the array antenna includes eight main patch antennas 5, and each main patch antenna 5 has four parasitic patch antennas 6 next to it. The main patch antenna 5 and the parasitic patch antenna 6 are arranged on the second substrate 4 along a first direction. The main patch antenna 5 and the parasitic patch antenna 6 are arranged in an array Each side of each main patch antenna 5 includes two parasitic patch antennas 6, preferably, the parasitic patch antennas 6 are arranged on the main patch antenna 5 along the first direction On both sides. The main patch antenna 5 and the parasitic patch antenna 6 are separated by a horizontal distance d ₁ , and the two parasitic patch antennas 6 on the same side are separated by a distance d ₂ . Frequency response can vary with the extent of the horizontal spacing d ₁ is due to the size, when the horizontal spacing d ₁ is smaller, the coupling will be stronger, better impedance matching is obtained, otherwise poor.

It is worth mentioning that the length L and width W of the parasitic patch antenna 6 have a significant effect on the resonance frequency and impedance matching. As the length increases, it will move to low frequencies, otherwise it will move to high frequencies. After the resonance frequency is determined, impedance matching can be done by adjusting the width of the parasitic patch antenna 6.

Please refer to FIGS. 6 and 7, which are S11 (Return loss) frequency response diagrams and radiation pattern diagrams of the wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. According to the S11 frequency response graph, it can be seen that the center frequencies of simulation and measurement are located at 24 GHz and 23.7 GHz, respectively. The measurement results show that the frequency tends to be low frequency, and the proportional bandwidth of simulation and measurement is 16.2% and 16.9%, respectively. According to the radiation pattern, it can also be seen that the measurement gain value is about 11 dBi, the E-plane measurement beam width is about 150°, and the H-plane measurement beam width is about 10°, which meets the requirements of vehicle antenna beam width. .

In summary, the present invention provides a wide-beam high-gain array antenna, which is provided with a parasitic patch antenna with a metal through hole to assist the main patch antenna, and is combined with a series-parallel feeder network to form an antenna array. The superposition of the patch antenna field pattern increases the beam width, which can effectively improve the problem of insufficient antenna beam width and meet the requirements of vehicle antenna beam width.

The above are only examples of the present invention, and thus do not limit the implementation and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should be able to realize that equivalent replacements and equivalents made by using the description and the illustrated content of the present invention The solutions obtained by the obvious changes should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

1‧‧‧First substrate 2‧‧‧Feed network layer 21‧‧‧Metal line 22‧‧‧Impedance converter 23‧‧‧Power divider 24‧‧‧Signal source line 3‧‧‧Ground layer 4 ‧‧‧Second substrate 5‧‧‧Main patch antenna 51‧‧‧ First metal through-hole 6‧‧‧ Parasitic patch antenna 61‧‧‧ Second metal through-hole 11,41‧‧‧surface d ₁ ‧ ‧‧Horizontal pitch d ₂ ‧‧‧Pitch L‧‧‧Length W‧‧‧Width

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feeding network layer of a preferred embodiment of a wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. 5 is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna according to a preferred embodiment of a wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a S11 frequency response diagram of a preferred embodiment of a wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention. 7 is a radiation pattern diagram of a preferred embodiment of a wide beam high gain array antenna of the present invention.

1‧‧‧The first substrate

2‧‧‧Feed network layer

3‧‧‧Ground layer

4‧‧‧Second substrate

5‧‧‧Main patch antenna

6‧‧‧ Parasitic patch antenna

Claims (10)

A wide beam high gain array antenna includes: a first substrate; a feeding network layer, which is arranged on a surface of the first substrate, for connecting with a signal source telecommunication; and a ground layer, which is arranged on the first On the other surface of the substrate; a second substrate, one surface of which is connected to the ground layer; at least one main patch antenna, disposed on the other surface of the second substrate; and a plurality of parasitic patch antennas, disposed On both sides of the main patch antenna and at a first distance from the main patch antenna; wherein, the main patch antenna includes a first metal through hole, the first metal through hole penetrates the first substrate, The ground layer and the second substrate are respectively electrically connected to the feed network layer and the main patch antenna. The parasitic patch antennas each include a second metal through hole, and the second metal through hole penetrates the first The two substrates are respectively electrically connected to the ground layer and the parasitic patch antenna. The wide beam high gain array antenna as described in item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the main patch antenna and the parasitic patch antennas are arranged on the second substrate along a first direction. The wide beam high gain array antenna as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the main patch antennas and the parasitic patch antennas are rectangular in shape. The wide-beam high-gain array antenna as described in item 1 of the patent scope, wherein the main patch antenna and the parasitic patch antenna are arranged in an array, and each side of each main patch antenna includes two The parasitic patch antenna. The wide beam high gain array antenna as described in item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the first metal through hole is a hollow metal cylinder or a solid metal cylinder. The wide beam high gain array antenna as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the second metal through hole is a hollow metal cylinder or a solid metal cylinder. The wide-beam high-gain array antenna as described in item 1 of the patent scope, wherein the array antenna includes a plurality of main patch antennas, and each of the main patch antennas has four of the parasitic patch antennas. The wide-beam high-gain array antenna as described in item 7 of the patent application scope, wherein the feed network layer includes a plurality of metal lines, an impedance converter, a power divider, and a signal source line. The wide-beam high-gain array antenna as described in item 8 of the patent application scope, wherein one end of the metal lines is respectively connected to the first metal through-hole telecommunications, and one end of the impedance converter is electrically connected to the other end of the metal lines , One end of the power splitter is electrically connected to the other end of the impedance converter, and the signal source line is respectively connected to the other end of the power divider and the signal source. The wide beam high gain array antenna as described in item 8 of the patent application scope, wherein the line width of the metal lines is 0.5 mm, the line width of the impedance converter is 2 mm, and the line width of the power splitter is 1.8 mm The width of the signal source line is 0.5 mm.

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