CN113708046A - Miniaturized broadband circular polarization three-dimensional printing mixed dielectric resonator antenna - Google Patents
Miniaturized broadband circular polarization three-dimensional printing mixed dielectric resonator antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P7/10—Dielectric resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种小型化宽带圆极化三维打印混合介质谐振器天线，包括自下而上依次层叠设置的馈电基板、中央具有十字缝隙的接地板和介质谐振器，所述馈电基板的下表面设置用于馈电的微带传输线，介质谐振器内嵌有贴片阵列，介质谐振器的上部具有矩形槽，贴片阵列位于矩形槽槽底的下方且与馈电基板平行。本发明通过在介质块上部挖槽的方式，在不增加天线整体尺寸的基础上，实现三个辐射模式的融合，极大的展宽了天线的圆极化带宽；此外，本发明采用低介电常数的矩形介质块，并基于三维打印技术将贴片置于介质块中间，因此天线的整体尺寸仅有0.39λ0×0.39λ0×0.19λ0，方向图对称，辐射性能良好，可以应用于波束成形阵列。
The invention relates to a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing hybrid medium resonator antenna, which comprises a feed substrate, a ground plate with a cross slot in the center, and a dielectric resonator, which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top. A microstrip transmission line for feeding is arranged on the lower surface, a patch array is embedded in the dielectric resonator, the upper part of the dielectric resonator has a rectangular slot, and the patch array is located below the bottom of the rectangular slot and is parallel to the feeding substrate. The invention realizes the fusion of three radiation modes by digging a groove on the upper part of the dielectric block without increasing the overall size of the antenna, which greatly widens the circular polarization bandwidth of the antenna; in addition, the invention adopts a low dielectric A constant rectangular dielectric block, and the patch is placed in the middle of the dielectric block based on 3D printing technology, so the overall size of the antenna is only 0.39λ 0 ×0.39λ 0 ×0.19λ 0 , the pattern is symmetrical, and the radiation performance is good, which can be applied to beamforming array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave communication, in particular to a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing mixed dielectric resonator antenna for beamforming application.
Background
Mimo beamforming is the most critical technology in fifth generation mobile communication systems. In order to achieve good beam forming effect and avoid grating lobes, the spacing between the antenna elements should be 0.5 λ0Left and right, the planar dimensions of the antenna elements should therefore be much smaller than 0.5 λ0×0.5λ0. Meanwhile, the most central requirement of the fifth generation wireless communication system is high rate, and broadband technology is a key factor for realizing high data rate wireless communication. In addition, the circularly polarized antenna can receive incoming waves with any polarization, and the radiated waves can also be received by the antenna with any polarization. The circular polarized wave is incident to the symmetrical target, and the backspin direction is reversed. Therefore, the circularly polarized antenna has the capability of restraining rain and fog interference and resisting multipath effect which other polarized antennas do not have, and is widely applied to mobile communication and satellite communication. Under the background, in the technical field of antennas, designing a miniaturized, broadband and circularly polarized antenna for beamforming application has important research significance and application value.
Dielectric resonator antennas are considered to be a desirable choice for wireless communication systems due to their good characteristics, such as low loss, low cost and high design flexibility. The method for realizing the circularly polarized dielectric resonator mainly comprises two methods, namely a single-point feeding method and a multi-point feeding method. The former has the advantages that the structure is simple and compact, but the circular polarization bandwidth (axial ratio <3dB) is narrow and is usually only 1% -15%; the latter can realize larger circular polarization bandwidth but introduces a complicated feeding structure to enlarge the whole size of the antenna. Therefore, realizing a larger circularly polarized bandwidth on the basis of single-point feeding is receiving wide attention from the academic world. Some broadband technologies are proposed, for example: the multi-resonance method comprises the following steps: special structures such as a slot structure, a step structure, a rotary laminated structure and the like are introduced to enable the resonator to have multi-resonance characteristics, but the antenna structure becomes large and complex and simultaneously influences the radiation pattern of the antenna; the mixed radiation method: the radiation mode of the dielectric resonator and the radiation mode of the feed structure are combined so as to increase the bandwidth, but the problem of larger back lobe is generated and the same problem as the scheme of the first scheme is encountered; thirdly, traveling wave feed method: the current which is approximately distributed by traveling waves is generated on a square spiral feeder, the impedance matching is improved due to almost no reflected wave, the bandwidth is widened, but the bandwidth amplification of the scheme is limited, the axial ratio bandwidth which is more than 20 percent is not realized, and meanwhile, the antenna back lobe is larger due to a larger gap etched on a floor. Although the above methods can increase the bandwidth, they cannot satisfy the requirements of miniaturization and broadband directional circular polarization at the same time.
The existing broadband design technology for a single-point feed circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna can effectively widen the bandwidth of the antenna, but the miniaturization performance of the antenna is difficult to be considered, for example, in the first and second technologies, the axial ratio bandwidth of a scheme capable of combining two radiation modes is below 25%, and the plane size of the antenna cannot meet the requirement of less than 0.5 lambda although the scheme capable of providing three or more radiation modes can meet the requirement of large bandwidth0×0.5λ0The array requirements of (1). The bandwidth increasing effect is not as good as that of the technology, the realized axial ratio bandwidth is less than 20%, and the used feed structure is more complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing mixed dielectric resonator antenna which has the advantages of miniaturization, broadband, circular polarization and the like.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the miniaturized broadband circular polarization mixed dielectric resonator antenna provided by the present invention comprises a feed substrate, a ground plate with a cross slot in the center and a dielectric resonator which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, wherein a microstrip transmission line for feeding is arranged on the lower surface of the feed substrate, and is characterized in that: the dielectric resonator is embedded with a patch array, the upper part of the dielectric resonator is provided with a rectangular groove, and the patch array is positioned below the bottom of the rectangular groove and is parallel to the feed substrate.
Furthermore, the patch array is arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is lower than that of the dielectric resonator.
Furthermore, the dielectric resonator comprises a lower dielectric block and an upper dielectric block which are superposed, the patch array is embedded at the top of the lower dielectric block, and the rectangular groove is formed in the upper part of the upper dielectric block.
The invention adopts two layers of three-dimensional printing medium blocks with low dielectric constants and a 2 multiplied by 2 patch antenna array to design a miniaturized hybrid antenna. The design firstly fuses a basic mode and a higher-order mode of a rectangular dielectric resonator in a mode of opening a rectangular groove in the upper part of a dielectric block to realize a broadband effect, and is different from the mode of expanding the bandwidth of an antenna in the prior art in that the design fixes the size of an antenna unit at the beginning of the design, namely, the size design range of the antenna is fixed to be less than 0.4 lambda according to the central frequency of a target design0×0.4λ0×0.2λ0The problem that the application of the beam forming array cannot be met due to the fact that the size of the antenna is too large is solved. On the basis, the rectangular dielectric resonator is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by using a three-dimensional printing technology for printing, a patch array is arranged between two dielectric blocks, a radiation mode of one patch is combined after a base mode and a high-order mode of the resonator, the bandwidth of the antenna is continuously increased, the scheme cannot influence the boundary condition of the dielectric resonator to cause the dielectric radiation mode offset, and therefore the overall size of the antenna cannot be increased. The invention can realize square plane caliber, symmetrical directional diagram, excellent radiation performance and overall size of about 0.39 lambda0×0.39λ0×0.19λ0The antenna array can be conveniently expanded into a one-dimensional or two-dimensional antenna array, and a good beam forming effect is obtained. Then, the hybrid antenna proposed by the present design can be excited by a pair of cross slots with different lengths at the same time to excite three nearly merged radiation modes. Finally, impedance matching is performed with matching stubs that are approximately one-quarter wavelength long to obtain a better impedance bandwidth.
The key point of the invention is that the integration of three radiation modes is realized by digging grooves on the upper part of the dielectric block on the basis of not increasing the whole size of the antenna, the circularly polarized bandwidth of the antenna is greatly widened, and the impedance bandwidth is 2.45GHz-3.6 GHz1GHz (38.3%), axial ratio bandwidth of 2.62GHz-3.61GHz (32.67%), gain of 8 dBi. The invention adopts the rectangular dielectric block with low dielectric constant and arranges the patch in the middle of the dielectric block based on the three-dimensional printing technology, so that the whole size of the antenna is only 0.39 lambda0×0.39λ0×0.19λ0The directional diagram is symmetrical, the radiation performance is good, and the method can be applied to a beam forming array.
In summary, the present invention has the following features:
1. the integral structure of the rectangular dielectric resonator can be understood as being obtained by introducing a rectangular groove in the upper part of the integral dielectric block, and the rectangular groove can be used for fixing the basic mode TE of the dielectric resonator under the condition that the plane size of the antenna is unchanged111Mode and higher order mode TE131And (5) mode zooming-in fusion. The structure can realize broadband effect while keeping small plane size, and has good radiation characteristic.
2. According to the antenna with the design, the dielectric block is divided into the upper layer and the lower layer for printing, the design freedom degree brought by the three-dimensional printing technology is fully utilized, the patch array is arranged in the dielectric block on the premise that the plane size of the antenna is not increased, the patch radiation mode and the two radiation modes of the dielectric resonator are fused, and the circular polarization bandwidth is greatly increased.
3. The center frequency of the antenna is designed to be 3GHz, but not limited to 3GHz, and the design technology can be applied to other frequency bands.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1(a) is a three-dimensional exploded view of the hybrid antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 1(b) is a top perspective view of the hybrid antenna of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is | S of the hybrid antenna of the present invention11And | and the simulation result of the gain.
Fig. 3 is a simulation result of the circular polarization axial ratio of the hybrid antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a simulated directional diagram of the hybrid antenna of the present invention, (a)2.7GHz E-plane directional diagram, (b)2.7GHz H-plane directional diagram, (C)3.2GHz E-plane directional diagram, (d)3.2GHz H-plane directional diagram, (E)3.55GHz E-plane directional diagram, (f)3.55GHz H-plane directional diagram.
The numbers in the figures are as follows:
1-upper dielectric block, 2-dielectric patch array, 3-substrate, 4-lower dielectric block, 5-grounding plate, 6-feeding substrate and 7-microstrip transmission line.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing hybrid dielectric resonator antenna for beamforming application, comprising: the power supply substrate 6, the ground plate 5 etched with a cross gap, the lower dielectric block 4 with low dielectric constant and the upper dielectric block 1 with low dielectric constant are sequentially stacked from bottom to top. A 2 x 2 patch array 2 is arranged between the two dielectric blocks, the patch array 2 is arranged on the dielectric substrate 3, the uppermost upper dielectric block is provided with a groove, and the lower surface of the feed substrate 6 is provided with a microstrip transmission line 7 for feeding. The lower-layer dielectric block 4 and the upper-layer dielectric block 1 form a dielectric resonator, the patch array 2 is embedded in the dielectric resonator, the patch array 2 comprises four metal patches, and projections of the metal patches on the ground plate 6 are respectively located at intervals of the cross-shaped gap.
In this embodiment, the feed substrate 5 is square, the dielectric resonator is a square dielectric resonator, a diagonal line of the dielectric resonator is parallel to or perpendicular to a side of the feed substrate 5, and a side of the patch array 2 is parallel to sides of the dielectric resonators 1 and 4. The microstrip transmission line 7 is perpendicular to the side of the feed substrate 6, and forms an angle of 45 degrees with each slot of the cross slot. The dielectric resonator is obtained by 3D printing fabrication.
The broadband dual-polarization circular polarization broadband antenna has the advantages of miniaturization, circular polarization, suitability for a beam forming technology and the like while realizing broadband characteristics, and has high practical value.
The substrate adopted in the case is a low dielectric constant dielectric substrate, the dielectric constant is 2.2, the loss angle is 0.0009, the thickness of the feed substrate 6 is 0.813mm, and the size is 80mm multiplied by 80 mm; the thickness of the dielectric substrate 3 of the patch array is 0.254 mm; the dielectric resonator uses a low dielectric constant dielectric,dielectric constant of 5.5, loss angle of 0.004, and sectional height of dielectric resonator of 18.5mm (-0.19 lambda)0) Plane size 38.4mm x 38.4mm (-0.39 x)0) The size of the top digging groove is 18mm multiplied by 4.5 mm; the patch array size was 29.2mm by 29.2mm with a 2.6mm spacing between patches.
Specific parameters of the hybrid antenna of this embodiment are given in table I.
Table I detailed dimensions of the antenna
The grounding plate 5 is above the dielectric resonator overall structure provided by the invention. First, the upper dielectric block 1, the lower dielectric block 4, and the middle patch array 2 together constitute a hybrid antenna radiation structure. The radio frequency excitation signal is fed by the microstrip transmission line 7 at the bottom layer, and the dielectric resonator antenna is fed through the cross slot of the grounding plate 5. In the structure, the dielectric block can generate two pairs of degenerate resonant modes (TE) under the excitation of the cross gap111 x&TE111 yAnd TE131&TE311) Then, a basic mode and a higher-order mode of the medium are drawn close by introducing an upper groove, and a mode (TM) generated by the patch array excited by a cross slit is added01) Three circularly polarized radiation modes are combined together, so that the broadband effect is realized.
The antenna adopts the cross-shaped slot to feed the dielectric block and the patch array simultaneously, and three resonance modes are obtained by a method of digging a groove above the dielectric block, so that the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth present broadband characteristics. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna of the embodiment is 2.45GHz-3.61GHz (38.3%), the axial ratio bandwidth is 2.62GHz-3.61GHz (32.67%), and the gain reaches 8 dBi. The invention adopts the medium with low dielectric constant, thereby having wider working bandwidth. At the same time, the overall size is small, about 0.39 lambda0×0.39λ0×0.19λ0And is suitable for beam forming antenna array. The invention can realize the square plane caliber, symmetrical directional diagram and good radiation performance.
Transmission response and radiation response of the antenna are shown in FIG. 2 for | S11Less than or equal to-10 dB, the bandwidth range of 2.45-3.61GHz and the maximum gain of 8 dBi. FIG. 3 is a simulation diagram of the circular polarization axial ratio of the antenna, and for AR less than or equal to 3dB, the bandwidth range is 2.60-3.61 GHz. FIG. 4 is simulated E-plane and H-plane patterns of the antenna at 2.7GHz, 3.2GHz and 3.55GHz with the antenna pattern being symmetric and with greater than 20dB of isolation between right-hand and left-hand circular polarizations.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a miniaturized broadband circular polarization mixed dielectric resonator antenna, includes feed base plate (5), the central authorities that stack gradually the setting from bottom to top have ground plate (5) and dielectric resonator (1, 4) of cross gap, the lower surface of feed base plate (5) sets up microstrip transmission line (7) that are used for the feed, its characterized in that: the dielectric resonator (1, 4) is embedded with a patch array (2), the upper part of the dielectric resonator (1, 4) is provided with a rectangular groove, and the patch array (2) is positioned below the bottom of the rectangular groove and is parallel to the feed substrate (5).
2. The miniaturized wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein: the patch array (2) is arranged on the dielectric substrate (3), and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate (3) is lower than that of the dielectric resonators (1, 4).
3. The miniaturized wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the dielectric resonator (1, 4) comprises a lower-layer dielectric block (4) and an upper-layer dielectric block (1) which are overlapped, the top of the lower-layer dielectric block (4) is embedded with the patch array (2), and the upper portion of the upper-layer dielectric block (1) is provided with the rectangular groove.
4. The miniaturized wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein: the patch array (2) comprises four metal patches, and projections of the metal patches on the ground plate (5) are respectively positioned at intervals of the cross-shaped gap.
5. The miniaturized wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the microstrip transmission line (7) and each slot of the cross-shaped slot is 45 degrees.
6. The miniaturized wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the dielectric resonator (1, 4) is manufactured by 3D printing.
7. The miniaturized wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feed substrate (5) is square, the dielectric resonators (1 and 4) are square dielectric resonators, the diagonal lines of the dielectric resonators (1 and 4) are parallel or perpendicular to the side edge of the feed substrate (5), and the side edge of the patch array (2) is parallel to the side edge of the dielectric resonators (1 and 4).
8. A miniaturized wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the microstrip transmission line (7) is perpendicular to the side edge of the feed substrate (6).
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Cited By (4)
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| CN114336020A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-12 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Broadband circularly polarized antenna array based on asymmetric slotted rectangular patch |
| CN117013247A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-11-07 | 南通先进通信技术研究院有限公司 | 5G millimeter wave double-frequency double-broadband circularly polarized multi-resonator antenna and array thereof |
| CN117317584A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-12-29 | 南通大学 | Miniaturized broadband dielectric resonator antenna |
| CN118315808A (en) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-07-09 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Broadband miniaturized directional diagram diversity antenna with super-surface loaded dielectric resonator |
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