CN111682309B - Single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna - Google Patents
Single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111682309B CN111682309B CN202010474218.6A CN202010474218A CN111682309B CN 111682309 B CN111682309 B CN 111682309B CN 202010474218 A CN202010474218 A CN 202010474218A CN 111682309 B CN111682309 B CN 111682309B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/121—Hollow waveguides integrated in a substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/18—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type built-up from several layers to increase operating surface, i.e. alternately conductive and dielectric layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna. In recent years, most of the design of the cavity-backed filter antenna is a multi-layer or single-layer multi-cavity structure, and although better filter characteristics can be realized, the complex structure of the cavity-backed filter antenna prevents the advantage of compact structure of the filter antenna from further expanding. The invention carries out the integrated design of the antenna and the filter in the single-layer single-substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and utilizes the TM of the resonant cavity110、TM210、TM220The mode introduces three gain zeros next to the operating band, resulting in excellent selectivity. In addition, TM120、TM210And TM10、TM01The mode co-action enables the circularly polarized antenna of the invention to obtain a wider axial ratio bandwidth. In a word, the antenna has the advantages of good filtering characteristic, wide bandwidth, high gain, simple structure and easy processing and manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas of wireless communication terminals, and relates to a single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna which can be used as an antenna at the radio frequency front end of a miniaturized wireless transceiver and widely applied to wireless communication systems such as mobile communication, satellite communication, radar and the like.
Background
The low-profile and high-gain broadband circularly polarized antenna has a very wide application prospect in modern communication systems due to the advantages of light weight, small volume, capability of resisting multipath interference and the like. The slot antenna and the microstrip antenna have the advantages of low profile due to the advantages of plane structure, simple structure, easy integration and the like, and the cavity-backed antenna can obtain higher gain by suppressing surface waves. In addition, the development of the substrate integrated waveguide technology realizes the planarization of the cavity-backed antenna, and further reduces the profile of the antenna. Nowadays, bandwidth expansion is the key for further development of the low-profile high-gain broadband circularly polarized antenna. However, the operating bandwidth of the current single-feed circularly polarized cavity-backed antenna is generally not more than 5%, and the multi-port circularly polarized cavity-backed antenna increases the complexity of the structure. Thus. It is very meaningful to develop a broadband single-feed circularly polarized cavity-backed antenna.
In recent years, due to the trend of wireless communication systems that are compact, efficient, and stable, research and development of multifunctional devices have been receiving much attention from researchers. The filtering antenna is used as a multifunctional device, not only is the functions of the antenna and the filter well integrated, but also the advantages of compact structure, low insertion loss and the like are achieved. Therefore, the development of the filter antenna has been on the trend of increasing year by year. Among many filter antenna designs, the high-Q cavity filter antenna is a type of important research for the filter antenna due to its better selectivity and smaller insertion loss. The general design idea of the cavity filter antenna is to use the antenna as the final resonator of the filter, and the filter antenna designed according to the idea has good selectivity, but has the problem of large volume because the structure is a multilayer structure or a plurality of resonant cavities are used in one layer. Therefore, if the antenna and the filter are integrated in a single-layer single cavity, the miniaturization advantage of the multifunctional device of the filtering antenna is further expanded.
In summary, in order to overcome the problems of the cavity filter antenna that the volume is too large and the bandwidth of the circularly polarized cavity-backed antenna is too narrow, the invention provides a single-layer single-cavity single-feed cavity-backed circularly polarized filter antenna. The invention combines a plurality of modes of the resonant cavity and the microstrip patch, not only enables the antenna to have the filtering characteristic, but also realizes wider bandwidth. It is worth mentioning that the axial ratio bandwidth of the present invention is considerable in a single-feed single-layer circularly polarized antenna. In addition, the high gain is also a significant advantage of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna, in particular to an antenna and filter integrated design in a single-layer substrate integrated waveguide cavity and a band-pass filter and a circularly polarized radiator. The antenna provided by the invention has a simple structure, only uses a single-layer dielectric substrate and a single substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, and has the advantages of very simple processing and very low manufacturing cost. In addition, the antenna has a simple structure, good radiation characteristics and excellent bandwidth and gain.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
the single-layer single-cavity single-feed back-cavity circularly polarized filter antenna comprises two metal surfaces and a dielectric substrate.
The upper metal layer M1 covers the upper surface of the dielectric substrate S. A hollow rectangular area is arranged in the center of the upper metal surface M1, and a trimming square metal patch P1 is arranged in the hollow rectangular area. An annular gap P2 is reserved between the edge cutting metal patch P1 and the upper metal surface M1.
The edge-cutting square metal patch P1 is a square structure with two opposite edges provided with a notch;
preferably, the two notches of the cut-edge square metal patch P1 are positioned on the same straight line with the center of the cut-edge metal patch P1.
Preferably, the upper metal surface M1 and the annular gap P2 coincide with the center of the trimming metal patch P1.
Preferably, the diagonal line of the annular gap P2 and the cut-off metal patch P1 is parallel to the X axis or the Y axis.
In the XOY coordinate system, axisymmetric slits S1 and S2 are cut in the first quadrant and the third quadrant regions of the upper metal plane M1. The symmetry axis of the slits S1 and S2 is a straight line between the two notches of the cut-off square metal patch P1 and the center of the cut-off metal patch P1. The slits S1, S2 are parallel to the side length of the cut-edge metal patch P1.
Preferably, the upper metal layer M1 has the same size as the dielectric substrate S.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate S is square.
The dielectric substrate S is provided with two rows of first metalized through hole arrays which are periodically distributed, and the metalized through hole arrays are perpendicular to the edge of the dielectric substrate S.
The substrate integrated rectangular waveguide W is formed by a first metallized through hole array, a substrate S and upper and lower metal surfaces.
Preferably, the substrate-integrated rectangular waveguide W is located on a diagonal of the cut-edge metal patch P1.
Preferably, W is located on the positive X-axis half and is symmetrical about the X-axis.
A unfilled square cavity C surrounded by a second metalized through hole, namely a substrate integrated waveguide cavity C, is etched in the dielectric substrate S; one corner of the corner-lacking square cavity C is corner-lacking, and the corner-lacking is connected with the substrate integrated rectangular waveguide W.
Preferably, the center of the unfilled corner square cavity C coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate S.
The center of the dielectric substrate S is etched with a second metalized through hole V1.
All the metalized through holes are connected with the upper layer metal surface and the lower layer metal surface.
Preferably, the diagonal line of the unfilled corner square cavity C is parallel to the X axis or the Y axis.
Lower layerThe metal surface M2 covers the lower surface of the dielectric substrate S. The lower metal plane M2 is etched with a coplanar waveguide transmission line T. Two axisymmetric L-shaped gaps are etched in the area, located in the first metalized through hole array, of the lower metal surface M2, and the edge, in contact with the edge of the lower metal surface M2, of each L-shaped gap is perpendicular to the edge of the lower metal surface M2. The lower metal surface M2 area between the two axisymmetric L-shaped gaps and the two L-shaped gaps form a coplanar waveguide transmission line T. When feeding power to the specially designed unfilled corner square cavity C through the coplanar waveguide transmission line T, TM of the cavity120Mode and TM210The modes will be excited simultaneously.
The two L-shaped gaps are used as branches which extend into the substrate integrated waveguide and are used for impedance matching.
Preferably, T is located on the positive X-axis half axis and is symmetrical about the X-axis, extending from the edge of the metal face towards the center. T is enclosed within the dielectric integrated rectangular waveguide W described above.
Preferably, the L-shaped slot does not contact the first and second metalized vias.
Preferably, the lower metal surface M2 is the same size as the dielectric substrate S.
Preferably, the slits S1, S2 are not in contact with the second metalized through holes constituting the truncated square cavity C, and are located within the truncated square cavity C.
The working process is as follows:
substrate integrated waveguide square cavity C working in TM120/TM210In this mode, the rectangular slits S1, S2 can make TM in the cavity C by means of perturbation120Mode and TM210The mold separates. TM120Mode and TM210When the circular slot P2 is excited by the mode, the generated radiation polarization is orthogonal, and when the sizes of the slots S1 and S2 are properly selected, the two orthogonally polarized radiation waves have a phase difference of 90 °, and then the circularly polarized waves are generated. The cut angles on a set of opposite sides of the microstrip patch P1 make the TM degenerate originally10/TM20The mold separates. TM when microstrip antenna is separated10/TM20TM with mold separated close to square cavity C120/TM210The mode, the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth can be obviously improved. The second metallized via etched in the center of the square cavity C can be used for positioning TM in a low frequency region110Mode direction high frequency shift, and TM110The electromagnetic wave radiated by the mode via the annular gap P2 will cancel in space due to the reverse cut of the current, thereby introducing a gain null in the low frequency region. In the same principle, TM of high-frequency region of square cavity C220The mode also produces a radiation null in the high frequency region. In addition, when TM120Mode resonance frequency lower than TM210Time of mode, TM210The electromagnetic waves radiated by the mode solely through the annular slot P2 are also cancelled out in space, and a new gain zero appears only near the edge of the operating band. The three gain zeros are generated, so that the antenna has good filtering characteristics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1) the filter has the following good filter characteristics: there are three gain zeros, and the gain zeros are close to the edge of the operating band, and the falling edge of the antenna gain is very steep.
2) Single-feed single-layer single-cavity planar structure: simple structure, easy processing and low manufacturing cost. The size and the section are smaller than those of most existing cavity filter antennas.
3) High gain and wide bandwidth: the bandwidth is widened by using four modes of the resonant cavity and the microstrip patch, and the high gain advantage of the cavity-backed antenna is kept.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the upper metal plane of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the lower metal face of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simulation of the S-parameter curve of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of an axial ratio curve simulation of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulation of the gain curve of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulated plot of the radiation pattern of the present invention at 9.72GHz in the right-hand circularly polarized operating state;
FIG. 9 is a simulated plot of the radiation pattern of the present invention at 10GHz in the right-hand circularly polarized operating state;
fig. 10 is a simulation of the radiation pattern of the present invention at 10.4GHz in the right-hand circularly polarized operating state.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further analyzed with reference to the following specific examples.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the single-layer single-feed back cavity circular polarization filter includes a layer of Rogers5880 dielectric substrate S with a thickness of 1.575mm, and an upper metal plane M1 and a lower metal plane M2 which are the same size as the dielectric substrate.
A substrate integrated waveguide cavity C with the side length of 22.7mm and surrounded by metalized through holes is etched in the dielectric substrate S. The diameter of the metallized through hole is 1mm, which is less than one tenth of the wavelength of the air corresponding to the working center frequency of the antenna. The distance between the centers of two adjacent metallized through holes is 1.5 mm. The substrate integrated waveguide cavity C is rotated 45 deg. about the center of the dielectric substrate. The substrate integrated rectangular waveguide W has a width of 9.7mm, and is connected to one corner of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity C and extends to the edge of the dielectric substrate. The substrate integrated rectangular waveguide W is perpendicular to one group of edges of the dielectric substrate S, and the substrate integrated waveguide cavity C is overlapped with the center of the dielectric substrate S. A metallized through hole with a diameter of 1mm is formed in the center of the dielectric substrate.
As shown in fig. 3, a square ring-shaped gap P2 with a gap of 2mm is carved at the center of the upper metal surface M1, a group of square patches P1 with 0.9mm square side cut from opposite sides are arranged inside the gap P2, and the side of each square patch P1 is 8.1 mm. The annular slot P2 and the microstrip patch P1 are rotated by 45 ° with respect to the dielectric substrate S and coincide with the center of the dielectric substrate S. Two rectangular slots S1 and S2 which are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate are further engraved on the upper metal surface, the length of each slot is 5.3mm, the width of each slot is 1mm, and the distance between each slot and the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is 1.5 mm. The rectangular slots S1, S2 are parallel to a set of uncut sides of the microstrip patch P1 and are symmetrical with respect to two diagonal lines of the dielectric substrate.
As shown in fig. 4, the edge of the lower metal plane is etched with a coplanar waveguide transmission line T extending into the substrate integrated waveguide cavity C. The total width of the coplanar waveguide transmission line T is 7.1mm, the width of the gaps on the two sides is 1.3mm, the length of the branch for impedance matching in the cavity is 2.5mm, and the distance from the branch to the center of the dielectric substrate is 8 mm.
The specific structural geometric parameters are as follows:
wherein h is the thickness of the dielectric substrate, WcFor integrating the side length, W, of the waveguide cavity in the substratewThe width of the substrate integrated rectangular waveguide connected with the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is d, the diameter of the metalized holes forming the substrate integrated waveguide is d, and the hole distance between adjacent metalized holes is dpThe diameter of the metalized through hole at the center of the dielectric substrate is dv，LpSide length of the microstrip patch, gpIs the width of the annular gap, /)pcLength of side of square slice cut from two opposite sides of microstrip patch, LsAnd WsThe length and width of two rectangular gaps which are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate and are arranged on the upper metal surface, dsThe distance W from the gap to the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide cavitycpwIs the central microstrip line width g of coplanar waveguide transmission line on the lower metal surfacecpwIs the slot width, L, of the coplanar waveguide transmission lineaddFor extending into the substrate integrated waveguide for impedance matchingcpwThe distance from the branch to the center of the dielectric substrate.
FIGS. 5 to 10 are simulation results of the single-layer dual-circularly-polarized cavity-backed traveling-wave antenna with filtering function. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the-10 dB | S of the antenna11The | is 16.3%. As can be seen from fig. 6, the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 7%. As can be seen from fig. 7, the highest gain of the antenna is 7.89dBic, and a significant fast roll-off is seen outside the operating band on both sides. Fig. 8-10 show that the antenna has stable and good directional radiation in the whole operating frequency band.
Claims (6)
1. The single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate and two metal surfaces which are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate;
a hollow rectangular area is formed in the center of the upper metal surface M1, and a trimming square metal patch P1 is arranged in the hollow rectangular area; an annular gap P2 is reserved between the edge cutting square metal patch P1 and the upper metal surface M1;
the edge-cutting square metal patch P1 is a square structure with two opposite edges provided with a notch;
the upper metal surface M1 is etched with two axisymmetric gaps S1 and S2;
the symmetry axis of the gaps S1 and S2 is a straight line where two notches of the edge cutting square metal patch P1 and the center of the edge cutting square metal patch P1 are located; the gaps S1 and S2 are parallel to the side length of the edge cutting square metal patch P1;
the dielectric substrate S is provided with two rows of first metalized through hole arrays which are periodically distributed, and the substrate integrated rectangular waveguide W is formed by the first metalized through hole arrays, the dielectric substrate S and the upper and lower metal surfaces;
a unfilled square cavity C surrounded by a second metalized through hole, namely a substrate integrated waveguide cavity C, is etched in the dielectric substrate S; one corner of the corner-lacking square cavity C is a corner-lacking corner, and the corner-lacking corner is connected with the substrate integrated rectangular waveguide W;
a second metalized through hole V1 is etched in the center of the dielectric substrate S;
the lower metal surface M2 covers the lower surface of the dielectric substrate S; the lower metal surface M2 is etched with a coplanar waveguide transmission line T; two axisymmetric L-shaped gaps are etched in the area, located in the first metalized through hole array, of the lower metal surface M2; the lower metal surface M2 area between the two axisymmetric L-shaped gaps and the two L-shaped gaps form a coplanar waveguide transmission line T; when feeding power to the unfilled corner square cavity C through the coplanar waveguide transmission line T, TM of the cavity120Mode and TM210The modes will be excited simultaneously;
the two L-shaped gaps are used as branches which extend into the substrate integrated waveguide and are used for impedance matching.
2. The single-layer single-feed back cavity circular polarization filter antenna according to claim 1, wherein the upper metal plane M1 has an annular slot P2 coinciding with the center of the cut-off square metal patch P1; the center of the unfilled corner square cavity C coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate S.
3. The single-layer single-feed back cavity circular polarization filter antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diagonal lines of the annular slot P2 and the cut-off square metal patch P1 are parallel to the X axis or the Y axis; the substrate integrated rectangular waveguide W is positioned on the diagonal of the edge-cutting square metal patch P1; the diagonal line of the unfilled corner square cavity C is parallel to the X axis or the Y axis.
4. The single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resonant cavity TM degenerated in the unfilled square cavity C is made by means of perturbation120/TM210TM of mode and microstrip patch10/TM01The modes are separated and 90 ° out of phase and then a circularly polarized radiation wave is excited by a single port feed.
5. The single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna of claim 1, wherein the TM outside the resonant cavity operating band is utilized110、TM220And two resonator modes TM in the operating frequency band120、TM210The mode with the middle resonant frequency high introduces three gain zeros.
6. The single-layer single-feed back cavity circular polarization filter antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the annular slot P2 is adjusted to make the cut-off square metal patch P1 inside the annular slot P2 resonate as a microstrip antenna in the vicinity of the cavity mode resonant frequency.
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| CN112768909B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-05-20 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Back cavity circular polarization patch antenna array with filtering function |
| CN113506987B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-06-14 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband high-gain circularly polarized filter antenna and wireless communication equipment |
| CN113594676B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-08-18 | 安徽大学 | Millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit and array and design method thereof |
| CN113922073B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-23 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Compact high-gain single-feed millimeter wave back cavity patch filter antenna |
| CN113922075B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-09-19 | 西华大学 | Slow wave substrate integrated waveguide duplex antenna based on high-order mode |
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| US20180123245A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | Broadcom Corporation | Broadband antenna array for wireless communications |
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