CN110957565B - Broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for 5G base station - Google Patents
Broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for 5G base station Download PDFInfo
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- CN110957565B CN110957565B CN201911177035.1A CN201911177035A CN110957565B CN 110957565 B CN110957565 B CN 110957565B CN 201911177035 A CN201911177035 A CN 201911177035A CN 110957565 B CN110957565 B CN 110957565B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/35—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points
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Abstract
The invention relates to a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station, which is characterized in that a plurality of dielectric cavities are sequentially stacked from top to bottom to form a stepped dielectric resonator which is fixedly arranged at the central position of the upper surface of a dielectric plate, and a back copper-clad sheet is embedded in the lower surface of the dielectric plate; the first probe and the second probe are respectively arranged in any two adjacent corners of the dielectric resonator and are in close contact connection with the side wall of the dielectric resonator; the first probe and the second probe respectively penetrate through the first excitation port and the second excitation port to be fixedly connected with the back copper-clad sheet, the back copper-clad sheet is of a hexagonal structure, one group of opposite angles of the hexagonal structure is 90 degrees, the other two groups of opposite angles are 135 degrees, and the center of the back copper-clad sheet is coaxial with the central shaft of the dielectric resonator. The antenna can be used for a 5G base station, the center frequency of the antenna is 6.8GHz, the +/-45-degree dual polarization, the vertical polarization and the circular polarization can be realized, the bandwidth is wide, the bandwidth range is 5.9-13GHz, the horizontal half-power angle is close to 60 degrees, and the highest gain can reach 6.7 dB.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic fields and microwaves, in particular to a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication services, higher demands have been made on the performance of antennas, such as miniaturization, wide frequency band, and low loss. Although various microstrip antennas have been extensively studied and widely used due to their advantages of low profile, light weight, etc., due to the skin effect in the high frequency band, the metal ohmic loss per unit volume is high, the geometric size of the low frequency band antenna is large, and the development and application thereof are limited. In recent years, dielectric resonator antennas have received extensive attention and research due to good performance.
The traditional rectangular and cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna can only work in a short working frequency band, the gain of the antenna is low, and meanwhile, the antenna is limited by the shape and the single feed mode of the traditional dielectric resonant cavity, the polarization mode of the antenna is fixed, and the requirement of a 5G base station cannot be met. Because the installation space of the urban base station antenna is often limited, the base station antenna usually adopts a +/-45-degree dual-polarization mode to enable the user terminal to receive signals of the antenna at any angle.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station, the antenna can be used for the 5G base station, the center frequency of the antenna is 6.8GHz, the +/-45-degree dual polarization, the vertical polarization and the circular polarization can be realized, the bandwidth is wide, the bandwidth range is 5.9-13GHz, the horizontal half-power angle is close to 60 degrees, and the highest gain can reach 6.7 dB.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station comprises a dielectric slab, a dielectric resonator, a first probe, a second probe and a back-coated copper sheet; the dielectric resonator is fixedly arranged at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric plate, and the back copper-clad laminate is embedded in the lower surface of the dielectric plate;
the dielectric resonator is formed by sequentially stacking a plurality of dielectric cavities from top to bottom, each layer of dielectric cavity comprises a square central part, four edges of the central part are respectively fixedly provided with extending parts with the same length, and each layer of dielectric cavity is formed into a cross structure by the central part and four groups of extending parts; the central parts of the medium cavities sequentially stacked from top to bottom are coaxially arranged, the edges of the medium cavities are aligned, and the lengths of the extending parts of the medium cavities sequentially stacked from top to bottom are sequentially reduced;
a corner is formed between two adjacent extending parts of the same-layer dielectric cavity, the first probe and the second probe are respectively arranged in any two adjacent corners, and the inner conductors of the first probe and the second probe are in close contact connection with the side wall of the dielectric resonator;
the first probe axially penetrates through the first excitation port, the second probe axially penetrates through the second excitation port, and the outer conductors of the first probe and the second probe are fixedly connected with the back copper-clad sheet;
the back-coated copper sheet is of a hexagonal structure, one group of opposite angles of the hexagonal structure is 90 degrees, the other two groups of opposite angles are 135 degrees, and the center of the back-coated copper sheet is coaxial with the central axis of the dielectric resonator.
The thickness of the dielectric plate is 0.8mm, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is epsilon 4.4, and the loss tangent angle is 0.02.
The dielectric resonator comprises a first dielectric cavity, a second dielectric cavity, a third dielectric cavity, a fourth dielectric cavity and a fifth dielectric cavity which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the first dielectric cavity, the second dielectric cavity, the third dielectric cavity, the fourth dielectric cavity and the fifth dielectric cavity are of a positive cross structure, and the lengths of the extending parts of the first dielectric cavity, the second dielectric cavity, the third dielectric cavity, the fourth dielectric cavity and the fifth dielectric cavity from top to bottom are sequentially reduced.
The central parts of the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity are cuboids with the length and width of 5.8mm and the height of 1 mm; the central parts of the third medium cavity, the fourth medium cavity and the fifth medium cavity are cuboids with the length and width of 5.8mm and the height of 2 mm; the width of the extension part of the first medium cavity is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 15.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 1 mm; the width of the extension part of the second medium cavity is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 12.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 1 mm; the width of the extension part of the third medium cavity is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 9.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 2 mm; the width of the extending part of the fourth medium cavity is 5.8mm, the length of the extending part is 6.1mm, and the height of the extending part is 2 mm; the width of the extension part of the fifth medium cavity is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 3.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 2 mm.
The radius of the first probe and the second probe is 0.6mm, and the height of the first probe and the second probe is 6 mm.
The lengths of two edges of the back copper-clad plate with the angle of 90 degrees are both 22mm, and the lengths of the rest two edges are 31.11 mm.
The broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for the 5G base station has the advantages that: firstly, the dielectric plate and the back copper-clad plate are realized by covering copper on the back of an FR-4 dielectric plate, the back copper-clad plate is the Ground of the antenna, and the hexagonal back copper-clad plate enables the antenna to be better in impedance matching. Secondly, the antenna adopts a coaxial feeding method, and the reconstruction of linear polarization and circular polarization is realized by changing the power of the first excitation port and the second excitation port and the phase difference of input signals. Third, the dielectric resonators are stacked by multiple layers of dielectric cavities to extend the bandwidth of the antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an interposer and a back-coated copper sheet of a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dielectric resonator in a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first dielectric cavity in a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a test chart of parameters S11 and S22 of a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a test chart of axial ratio bandwidth of a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station.
FIG. 7 is an antenna gain test chart of an E-H plane of a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station at 5.6GH in accordance with the present invention.
The attached drawings of the specification are marked as follows: 1. a dielectric plate; 2. a dielectric resonator; 3. a first probe; 4. a second probe; 5. back-coating a copper sheet; 6. a first excitation port; 7. a second excitation port; 8. a first dielectric cavity; 9. a second dielectric cavity; 10. a third dielectric cavity; 11. a fourth dielectric chamber; 12. a fifth dielectric cavity; 13. a central portion; 14. an extension portion.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, a broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station includes a dielectric plate 1, a dielectric resonator 2, a first probe 3, a second probe 4 and a back-coated copper sheet 5; the dielectric resonator 2 is fixedly arranged at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric plate 1, and the back-coated copper sheet 5 is embedded on the lower surface of the dielectric plate 1;
the dielectric resonator 2 is formed by sequentially stacking a plurality of dielectric cavities from top to bottom, each dielectric cavity comprises a square central part 13, four sides of the central part 13 are respectively fixedly provided with extending parts 14 with the same length, and each dielectric cavity is formed into a cross structure by the central part 13 and four groups of extending parts 14; the central parts 13 of the medium cavities sequentially stacked from top to bottom are coaxially arranged and the edges are aligned, and the lengths of the extending parts 14 of the medium cavities sequentially stacked from top to bottom are sequentially reduced;
a corner is formed between two adjacent extension parts 14 of the same-layer dielectric cavity, the first probe 3 and the second probe 4 are respectively arranged in any two adjacent corners, and the inner conductors of the first probe 3 and the second probe 4 are both in close contact connection with the side wall of the dielectric resonator 2;
the first probe 3 axially passes through the first excitation port 6, the second probe 4 axially passes through the second excitation port 7, and the outer conductors of the first probe 3 and the second probe 4 are fixedly connected with the back copper-clad sheet 5;
the back-coated copper sheet 5 is of a hexagonal structure, one group of opposite angles of the hexagonal structure is 90 degrees, the other two groups of opposite angles are 135 degrees, and the center of the back-coated copper sheet 5 is coaxial with the central axis of the dielectric resonator 2.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the dielectric plate 1 is 0.8mm, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 1 is ∈ 4.4, and the loss tangent angle is 0.02.
In this embodiment, the dielectric resonator 2 includes a first dielectric cavity 8, a second dielectric cavity 9, a third dielectric cavity 10, a fourth dielectric cavity 11, and a fifth dielectric cavity 12 coaxially disposed in sequence from top to bottom, the first dielectric cavity 8, the second dielectric cavity 9, the third dielectric cavity 10, the fourth dielectric cavity 11, and the fifth dielectric cavity 12 are all of a regular cross structure, and the lengths of the extensions 14 from top to bottom of the first dielectric cavity 8, the second dielectric cavity 9, the third dielectric cavity 10, the fourth dielectric cavity 11, and the fifth dielectric cavity 12 are sequentially reduced.
In this embodiment, the central portions 13 of the first dielectric cavity 8 and the second dielectric cavity 9 are cuboids with a length and a width of 5.8mm and a height of 1 mm; the central parts 13 of the third medium cavity 10, the fourth medium cavity 11 and the fifth medium cavity 12 are cuboids with the length and width of 5.8mm and the height of 2 mm; the width of the extension part 14 of the first medium cavity 8 is 5.8mm, the length is 15.1mm, and the height is 1 mm; the width of the extension part 14 of the second medium cavity 9 is 5.8mm, the length is 12.1mm, and the height is 1 mm; the width of the extension part 14 of the third medium cavity 10 is 5.8mm, the length is 9.1mm, and the height is 2 mm; the width of the extension part 14 of the fourth medium cavity 11 is 5.8mm, the length is 6.1mm, and the height is 2 mm; the width of the extension part 14 of the fifth medium cavity 12 is 5.8mm, the length is 3.1mm, and the height is 2 mm.
In this embodiment, the first probe 3 and the second probe 4 have a radius of 0.6mm and a height of 6 mm.
In this embodiment, the lengths of two 90-degree edges of the back copper-clad laminate 5 are both 22mm, and the lengths of the remaining two edges are 31.11 mm.
Further, five cross-shaped rectangular dielectric cavities with the same width, different lengths and different heights, namely a first dielectric cavity 8, a second dielectric cavity 9, a third dielectric cavity 10, a fourth dielectric cavity 11 and a fifth dielectric cavity 12, are sequentially stacked from small to large to form a stepped resonant cavity, the central portions 13 of the five dielectric cavities are the same in size and are located on the same axis, the dielectric resonator 2 is made of alumina ceramic, and the dielectric constant epsilon = 9.8.
Furthermore, the back-coated copper sheet 5 is formed by a square copper sheet and a diagonal corner cut, the corner cut passes through the middle point of the adjacent sides of the square to form the hexagonal copper sheet in the figure 2, and four sides of the hexagonal copper sheet adjacent to two right angles are parallel to four sides of the central part of the dielectric cavity. Because the antenna adopts a coaxial feed method, and the positions of the two probes are positioned at the corners of the cross-shaped medium cavity, the antenna can realize +/-45-degree dual polarization, vertical polarization and circular polarization by controlling the working state of the excitation port, and meanwhile, the axial ratio bandwidth reaches 53 percent.
The operation mode of the antenna for changing the polarization mode of the antenna by changing the excitation modes of the first excitation port 6 and the second excitation port 7 is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The first column in the table is the input frequency of the antenna, the initial phase of port excitation and the electric field vector direction and magnitude of the space electric field when the antenna is in the range of 0-360 degrees, so that the polarization mode and the polarization category of the antenna are judged.
As shown in table 1, when the left first excitation port 6 is excited by a single port, energy is coupled into two adjacent sides by the left first probe 3 to form two mutually perpendicular electric fields, and the two mutually perpendicular electric fields combine a polarization direction of 45 degrees;
similarly, when the right second excitation port 7 is excited by the single port, the right second probe 4 couples energy into two adjacent sides to form mutually perpendicular electric fields, and the two mutually perpendicular electric fields synthesize a polarization direction of-45 degrees
When the first excitation port 6 and the second excitation port 7 are excited simultaneously, the two probes couple energy into the dielectric resonator to form mutually perpendicular electric fields, when the phase difference of the two ports is 90 degrees, the excitation mode of circular polarization is met, and therefore the circular polarization is formed, and the antenna can respectively realize left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization by changing the phase difference of the two ports to be 90 degrees or-90 degrees.
The antenna obtained through table 1 can realize linear polarization and circular polarization by exciting signals and phase differences of different ports, wherein the linear polarization direction conforms to the linear polarization direction of a common base station antenna, and left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization can be realized.
Fig. 5, 6 and 7 show the measured antenna parameters S11 and S22, the axial ratio bandwidth and the antenna gain of the E-H plane when the antenna is operated at 5.6GH, respectively. The measured data in the figure can show that the S11 parameter-10 dB bandwidth is 5.9-13 GHz. The axial ratio bandwidth is 4.8-7.87GHz, and the central frequency of the axial ratio bandwidth is 5.6 GHz. When the antenna works at 5.6GHz, Phi =0 ° and 90 ° antenna gain patterns are shown in fig. 7, the antenna gain reaches 6.7dB, and the requirement of the base station antenna can be well met.
The broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for the 5G base station has the advantages of being simple in manufacturing cost, capable of being miniaturized and capable of being used for the 5G base station, meanwhile, under the condition that the radiation performance of the antenna is not reduced, the broadband design of the dielectric resonator antenna is achieved, the problem that the polarization reconfiguration of the dielectric resonator antenna cannot be achieved is solved, and broadband polarization reconfiguration is achieved.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for a 5G base station comprises a dielectric plate (1), a dielectric resonator (2), a first probe (3), a second probe (4) and a back-coated copper sheet (5); the dielectric resonator (2) is fixedly arranged at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric plate (1), and the back-coated copper sheet (5) is embedded on the lower surface of the dielectric plate (1); the dielectric resonator (2) is formed by sequentially stacking a plurality of dielectric cavities from top to bottom, each dielectric cavity comprises a square central part (13), extension parts (14) with the same length are fixedly arranged on four sides of the central part (13) respectively, and each dielectric cavity is formed into a cross structure by the central part (13) and four groups of extension parts (14); the central parts (13) of the medium cavities sequentially stacked from top to bottom are coaxially arranged, the edges of the medium cavities are aligned, and the lengths of the extending parts (14) of the medium cavities sequentially stacked from top to bottom are sequentially reduced; a corner is formed between two adjacent extension parts (14) of the same-layer dielectric cavity, the first probe (3) and the second probe (4) are respectively arranged in any two adjacent corners, and inner conductors of the first probe (3) and the second probe (4) are in close contact connection with the side wall of the dielectric resonator (2); the first probe (3) axially penetrates through the first excitation port (6), the second probe (4) axially penetrates through the second excitation port (7), and outer conductors of the first probe (3) and the second probe (4) are fixedly connected with the back-coated copper sheet (5); the back-coated copper sheet (5) is of a hexagonal structure, one group of opposite angles of the hexagonal structure are 90 degrees, the other two groups of opposite angles are 135 degrees, and the center of the back-coated copper sheet (5) is coaxial with the central axis of the dielectric resonator (2); the thickness of the dielectric plate (1) is 0.8mm, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate (1) is epsilon 4.4, and the loss tangent angle is 0.02; the dielectric resonator (2) comprises a first dielectric cavity (8), a second dielectric cavity (9), a third dielectric cavity (10), a fourth dielectric cavity (11) and a fifth dielectric cavity (12) which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the first dielectric cavity (8), the second dielectric cavity (9), the third dielectric cavity (10), the fourth dielectric cavity (11) and the fifth dielectric cavity (12) are all of a regular cross structure, and the lengths of the extending parts (14) of the first dielectric cavity (8), the second dielectric cavity (9), the third dielectric cavity (10), the fourth dielectric cavity (11) and the fifth dielectric cavity (12) from top to bottom are sequentially reduced; the radius of the first probe (3) and the second probe (4) is 0.6mm, and the height of the first probe and the second probe is 6 mm; the lengths of two 90-degree angle sides of the back-coated copper sheet (5) are both 22mm, and the lengths of the remaining two sides are 31.11 mm.
2. The broadband polarization reconfigurable high-gain antenna for the 5G base station according to claim 1, wherein: the central parts (13) of the first medium cavity (8) and the second medium cavity (9) are cuboids with the length, the width and the height of 5.8mm and 1 mm; the central parts (13) of the third medium cavity (10), the fourth medium cavity (11) and the fifth medium cavity (12) are cuboids with the length and width of 5.8mm and the height of 2 mm; the width of an extension part (14) of the first medium cavity (8) is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 15.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 1 mm; the width of an extension part (14) of the second medium cavity (9) is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 12.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 1 mm; the width of an extension part (14) of the third medium cavity (10) is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 9.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 2 mm; the width of an extension part (14) of the fourth medium cavity (11) is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 6.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 2 mm; the width of the extension part (14) of the fifth medium cavity (12) is 5.8mm, the length of the extension part is 3.1mm, and the height of the extension part is 2 mm.
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