CN109638427B - Broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
Broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109638427B CN109638427B CN201811599166.4A CN201811599166A CN109638427B CN 109638427 B CN109638427 B CN 109638427B CN 201811599166 A CN201811599166 A CN 201811599166A CN 109638427 B CN109638427 B CN 109638427B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna, which comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: the first layer structure comprises a pair of medium belt strips (1) and a rectangular metal frame (2), wherein the placing directions of the pair of medium belt strips (1) are consistent and are mutually separated; the second layer structure comprises a first medium substrate (3) provided with a first metalized through hole array (7); the third layer structure comprises a first metal ground (4) provided with a coupling gap (9), and a preset included angle is formed between the extension direction of the coupling gap (9) and the placing direction of the medium strip (1); the fourth layer structure comprises a second dielectric substrate (3) provided with a second metalized through hole array (8); the fifth layer structure comprises a second metal ground (6), the invention solves the problem of low radiation efficiency of the traditional metal antenna in a high frequency band, and solves the problem that the existing broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna design technology is difficult to simultaneously obtain broadband and circularly polarized performance with low axial ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave communication, in particular to a broadband low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna.
Background
In the past 50 years, satellite communication has progressed to a more mature stage, and over 400 geosynchronous orbit satellites can provide a variety of services such as military communication, digital broadcasting, mobile telephony, and data networks, and deep space remote sensing. Nowadays, a new generation of satellite communication systems is coming, which will undoubtedly have a profound impact on human society.
In order to obtain higher data transmission rate to meet various large data throughput service requirements such as multimedia, a new generation of satellite communication system puts higher demands on the design of an antenna. On the one hand, antenna systems need to be broadband and will use higher frequency bands to obtain larger absolute bandwidths, such as Ka band and even Q/V band, but in the millimeter wave band of Ka and above, the radiation efficiency of the conventional microstrip antenna is rapidly reduced due to the significantly increased metal ohmic loss. The dielectric resonator antenna has no metal ohmic loss, has higher radiation efficiency and is beneficial to improving the system performance. On the other hand, an antenna with high circular polarization purity (axial ratio less than 1dB) in a wide frequency band is highly preferred because it can effectively increase the data transmission rate. Under the background, a broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a low axial ratio is designed, for example, the 1dB circularly polarized axial ratio bandwidth is more than 15%, the antenna can completely cover the downlink frequency band of satellite services in Asia-Pacific region, and has very important research and application values.
For the broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna, many technical solutions are reported at present. There are a method of using a dielectric resonator having a special shape such as a ladder shape, a method of forming a multimode resonator by stacking two or more dielectric resonators, and a method of realizing broadband circular polarization by using a special feeding technique such as traveling wave feeding or cross-slot feeding. However, it is difficult for these high-efficiency dielectric resonator antennas to simultaneously obtain broadband and low axial ratio (for example, to achieve 1dB axial ratio bandwidth of 15% or more) circular polarization performance, and often only a relatively wide 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is obtained, which is difficult to meet the requirement of the new generation satellite communication system for high circular polarization purity.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to provide a broadband circularly polarized antenna with a low axial ratio, which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: constructing a broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna, which comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom:
the first layer structure comprises a pair of medium strips and a rectangular metal frame arranged around the pair of medium strips, and the pair of medium strips are arranged in the same direction and are separated from each other;
the second layer structure comprises a first medium substrate provided with a first metalized through hole array;
the third layer structure comprises a first metal ground provided with a coupling gap, and a preset included angle is formed between the extension direction of the coupling gap and the placing direction of the medium strip;
the fourth layer structure comprises a second medium substrate provided with a second metalized through hole array;
a fifth layer structure including a second metal ground;
the pair of dielectric strips and the first dielectric substrate form a dielectric resonator antenna, the third layer structure to the fifth layer structure form a substrate integrated waveguide slot coupling feed structure, energy enters from one end of the substrate integrated waveguide slot coupling feed structure and couples microwave signals to the dielectric resonator antenna through a coupling slot, and the first metalized through hole array and the metal frame form a back cavity structure to improve the radiation gain of the antenna.
In the broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, the projected outer outlines of the first to fifth layer structures are overlapped and are all rectangular, the coupling slot is disposed at the center of the first metal ground and the extending direction of the coupling slot is parallel to the pair of sides of the first metal ground, the pair of center points of the pair of dielectric strips are located on the symmetry plane of the pair of sides of the first metal ground, and the pair of center points of the pair of dielectric strips are further symmetric with respect to the symmetry plane of the other pair of sides of the first metal ground.
In the broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first metalized through hole array includes a plurality of metalized through holes uniformly arranged in a rectangular shape along a projection of the rectangular metal frame.
In the broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, the second metallized through hole array includes: the first metal ground is provided with a row of metalized through holes arranged in a direction parallel to the coupling gap, and two rows of metalized through holes arranged from two ends of the row of metalized through holes in a direction perpendicular to the coupling gap until the metalized through holes reach the side edge of the first metal ground.
In the broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the invention, two rows of metallized through holes are simultaneously opened towards the opposite side to realize impedance matching.
The broadband low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna has the following beneficial effects: the pair of dielectric strips are adopted to form the dielectric resonator antenna, the pair of dielectric strips can not only be used as a whole to form resonance, but also can be respectively independently resonated, the polarization purity of a plurality of generated resonance modes is high, the control is easy, and the broadband and low axial ratio circular polarization performance can be simultaneously obtained by combining the high-purity circular polarization modes; a metal back cavity structure formed by a metallized through hole array and a metal frame is introduced, the radiation mode of the antenna is not changed by the structure, and the radiation gain of the antenna is greatly improved; therefore, the invention solves the problem of low radiation efficiency of the traditional metal antenna in a high frequency band, and mainly solves the problem that the existing broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna design technology is difficult to simultaneously obtain broadband and circularly polarized performance with low axial ratio.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the first through fifth layer structures of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is | S of an antenna in an embodiment11A schematic diagram of a simulation result;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating axial ratio and gain simulation results for an antenna in an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of patterns of the antenna at different frequencies in an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 2 x 2 antenna array structure;
fig. 7 is | S of the antenna array structure in fig. 611A schematic diagram of a simulation result;
fig. 8 is a graph illustrating axial ratio and gain simulation results for the antenna array structure of fig. 6;
fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of patterns of the antenna array structure of fig. 6 at different frequencies.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. It should be understood that the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in the present application, but not limited to the present application, and the features in the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The terms including ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", and the like used in the present specification may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one constituent element from other constituent elements. For example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be named a first component, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the first to fifth layer structures of fig. 1. The broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna actually comprises an antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit specifically comprises five layers of structures which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, three figures in the upper row in fig. 2 sequentially represent a first layer structure to a third layer structure from left to right, and two figures in the lower row sequentially represent a fourth layer structure and a fifth layer structure from left to right.
The first layer structure comprises a pair of dielectric strips 1 and a rectangular metal frame 2 arranged around the dielectric strips 1, wherein the dielectric strips 1 are arranged in the same direction and are separated from each other;
the second layer structure comprises a first medium substrate 3 provided with a first metalized through hole array 7;
the third layer structure comprises a first metal ground 4 provided with a coupling gap 9, and a preset included angle is formed between the extension direction of the coupling gap 9 and the placing direction of the medium strip 1;
the fourth layer structure comprises a second medium substrate 3 provided with a second metalized through hole array 8;
a fifth layer structure including a second metal ground 6;
more specifically, the projected outer contours of the first to fifth layer structures are all square, the coupling slit 9 is disposed at the center of the first metal ground 4 and extends in a direction parallel to a pair of sides of the first metal ground 4, such as parallel to the front and rear sides in the figure, a pair of center points of the pair of dielectric strips 1 are located on a symmetry plane of the pair of sides of the first metal ground 4, such as on a symmetry plane of the front and rear sides in the figure, and a pair of center points of the pair of dielectric strips 1 are also symmetric to a symmetry plane of the other pair of sides of the first metal ground 4, such as symmetric to a symmetry plane of the left and right sides in the figure.
Specifically, the first metalized through hole array 7 includes a plurality of metalized through holes uniformly arranged in a rectangular shape along the projection of the rectangular metal frame 2.
Specifically, the second metalized via array 8 includes: the inductive window comprises a row of metalized through holes arranged in a direction parallel to the coupling gap 9, and two rows of metalized through holes arranged from two ends of the row of metalized through holes in a direction perpendicular to the coupling gap 9 until reaching the side edge (for example, the front side edge in the figure) of the first metal ground 4, wherein two rows of metalized through holes are simultaneously arranged on opposite sides of the two rows of metalized through holes to realize impedance matching, and a certain distance is reserved between the two rows of metalized through holes to form the inductive window.
It can be seen that, in the present embodiment, the second metalized via arrays 8 are substantially n-shaped, and generally a plurality of antenna units form an antenna array, in other embodiments, if the direction of the dielectric strip is kept consistent with the foregoing embodiment, the arrangement of the second metalized via arrays 8 is equivalent to rotating the foregoing embodiment by 180 °, that is, the second metalized via arrays are substantially u-shaped, so that the antenna units "the second metalized via arrays 8 are substantially n-shaped" can be utilized to be combined with the antenna units "the second metalized via arrays 8 are substantially u-shaped", so that all the second metalized via arrays 8 of two antenna units are substantially rectangular, as shown in fig. 6.
When the antenna works, the pair of dielectric strips 1 and the first dielectric substrate 3 form a dielectric resonator antenna, the pair of dielectric strips can not only be integrally resonant but also can be independently resonant, the polarization purity of a plurality of generated resonant modes is high, the antenna is easy to control, and the 1dB axial ratio bandwidth of more than 16% can be obtained through tuning. The third to fifth layer structures form a substrate integrated waveguide slot coupling feed structure, energy enters from one end of the substrate integrated waveguide slot coupling feed structure and couples microwave signals to the dielectric resonator antenna through the coupling slot 9, the dielectric resonator antenna can provide 3 high-purity circular polarization modes, is easy to control and can enable the antenna to obtain broadband and low axial ratio performances, the first metallized through hole array 7 and the metal frame 2 form a back cavity structure to improve the radiation gain of the antenna, and the maximum in-band gain is larger than 10 dBi. Due to the symmetrical structure, the antenna has good radiation performance in a frequency band, and the directional diagram is symmetrical.
In a specific example, the dielectric constant of the ceramic material used for the dielectric strip 1r20.5, loss angle tan 1.4 × 10-4(ii) a The dielectric substrates 3 and 4 are both made of Rogers 4003C (r3.38, tan 0.0027). Transmission response (gain), radiation response (| S) of antenna11|) and axial ratio curves, as can be seen with reference to fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen that it operates in the satellite communication band with 10-dB matching bandwidth>25%, the highest gain in the frequency band is 10dBi, the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 24%, and the 1dB axial ratio bandwidth is 16%. The three diagrams in fig. 5 from top to bottom in sequence are the simulated patterns of the antenna at 11GHz, 11.7GHz and 12.8GHz, and it can be seen that the pattern of the antenna remains stably symmetric within the band.
As mentioned above, the present inventionFor example, fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an antenna array structure of 2 × 2, in which a sixth layer structure is added below the fifth layer structure, the sixth layer structure is specifically a power division network based on a substrate integrated waveguide, on the basis of the antenna in fig. 1, and fig. 7 is | S of the antenna array structure in fig. 611A schematic diagram of a simulation result; fig. 8 is a graph illustrating axial ratio and gain simulation results for the antenna array structure of fig. 6; fig. 9 is a diagram showing simulation results of the antenna array structure pattern in fig. 6, wherein the upper left diagram is a pattern of the 11.3GHz, xoz plane, the upper right diagram is a pattern of the 11.3GHz, yoz plane, the lower left diagram is a pattern of the 12.4GHz, xoz plane, and the lower right diagram is a pattern of the 12.4GHz, yoz plane.
In summary, the broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the pair of dielectric strips are adopted to form the dielectric resonator antenna, the pair of dielectric strips can not only be used as a whole to form resonance, but also can be respectively independently resonated, the polarization purity of a plurality of generated resonance modes is high, the control is easy, and the broadband and low axial ratio circular polarization performance can be simultaneously obtained by combining the high-purity circular polarization modes; a metal back cavity structure formed by a metallized through hole array and a metal frame is introduced, the radiation mode of the antenna is not changed by the structure, and the radiation gain of the antenna is greatly improved; therefore, the invention solves the problem of low radiation efficiency of the traditional metal antenna in a high frequency band, and mainly solves the problem that the existing broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna design technology is difficult to simultaneously obtain broadband and circularly polarized performance with low axial ratio.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a broadband low axial ratio circular polarized antenna which characterized in that, includes that from the top down sets gradually:
the first layer structure comprises a pair of medium belt strips (1) and a rectangular metal frame (2) arranged around the pair of medium belt strips (1), wherein the pair of medium belt strips (1) are arranged in the same direction and are separated from each other;
the second layer structure comprises a first medium substrate (3) provided with a first metalized through hole array (7);
the third layer structure comprises a first metal ground (4) provided with a coupling gap (9), and a preset included angle is formed between the extension direction of the coupling gap (9) and the placing direction of the pair of medium strips (1);
the fourth layer structure comprises a second dielectric substrate (5) provided with a second metalized through hole array (8);
a fifth layer structure comprising a second metal ground (6);
the pair of dielectric strips (1) and the first dielectric substrate (3) form a dielectric resonator antenna, the third layer structure to the fifth layer structure form a substrate integrated waveguide slot coupling feed structure, energy enters from one end of the substrate integrated waveguide slot coupling feed structure and couples microwave signals to the dielectric resonator antenna through a coupling slot (9), and the first metalized through hole array (7) and the metal frame (2) form a back cavity structure to improve the radiation gain of the antenna.
2. The broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the projected outer outlines of the first to fifth layer structures are coincident and are all rectangular, the coupling slot (9) is disposed at the center of the first metal ground (4) and extends in a direction parallel to a pair of sides of the first metal ground (4), and the center point of one of the dielectric strips (1) and the center point of the other dielectric strip (1) in the pair of dielectric strips (1) are located on the symmetry plane of the pair of sides of the first metal ground (4) and are also symmetric with respect to the symmetry plane of the other pair of sides of the first metal ground (4).
3. A broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said first metallized via array (7) comprises: and a plurality of metallized through holes which are uniformly arranged in a rectangular shape are formed along the projection of the rectangular metal frame (2).
4. A broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said second metallized via array (8) comprises: the first metal ground (4) is provided with a row of metalized through holes arranged in a direction parallel to the coupling gap (9) and two rows of metalized through holes arranged from two ends of the row of metalized through holes in a direction perpendicular to the coupling gap (9) until the first metal ground reaches the side edge of the first metal ground (4).
5. The broadband low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna of claim 4, wherein said two rows of metallized through holes are further simultaneously opened with two rows of metallized through holes on opposite sides to achieve impedance matching.
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| CN112153833B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-10-22 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Shell assembly, antenna device and electronic equipment |
| CN110739531B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-02-26 | 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 | Antenna unit, antenna module and electronic equipment |
| CN111834737B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2023-05-12 | 南通大学 | Millimeter wave application-oriented dual-band dielectric resonator antenna |
| CN112259958B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-03-08 | 西安交通大学 | Single-feed double-frequency double-circular-polarization millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna |
| CN112259967B (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-07-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna |
| CN112952388B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-08-05 | 大连海事大学 | Broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna with wide axial ratio wave beam |
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| CN108649325A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-10-12 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of wide band high-gain millimeter wave dielectric resonant antenna array |
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| CN105914459B (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-10-23 | 清华大学 | Diesis gap cavity antenna with two-way same hand circular polarization characteristic |
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| CN105870637A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-08-17 | 北京邮电大学 | Radial line dielectric resonant antenna array |
| CN106450778A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-02-22 | 中山大学 | Broadband circular polarization DRA and design method thereof |
| CN108649325A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-10-12 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of wide band high-gain millimeter wave dielectric resonant antenna array |
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