CN114421164B - Low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmon and frequency scanning array - Google Patents
Low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmon and frequency scanning array Download PDFInfo
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- CN114421164B CN114421164B CN202210101041.4A CN202210101041A CN114421164B CN 114421164 B CN114421164 B CN 114421164B CN 202210101041 A CN202210101041 A CN 202210101041A CN 114421164 B CN114421164 B CN 114421164B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit and a frequency scanning array based on artificial surface plasmons, which relate to the electronic field and the technical field of wireless communication, and comprise a magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure and a coplanar waveguide feed structure, wherein the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure feeds through the coplanar waveguide feed structure; the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure comprises an artificial surface plasmon transmission line of a horizontal structure and a three-dimensional artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure which is in a shape of an opening convex letter, the artificial surface plasmon transmission line of the horizontal structure radiates as an electric dipole, and the three-dimensional artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure which is positioned in the middle of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line of the horizontal structure radiates as a magnetic dipole, so that the low profile and miniaturization of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna are realized. The magnetoelectric unit structure is periodically extended along the axial direction to form a series-fed frequency scanning antenna array, beam scanning with a larger angle is realized in a bandwidth range, and the boundary of the scanning range is close to the side-emitting direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronics and the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit and a frequency scanning array based on artificial surface plasmons, which are designed by a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, limited by limited installation space, in order to ensure that existing networks and services can be smoothly evolved, the existing wireless communication system generally needs a magnetoelectric dipole antenna to have a lower profile, but limited by the working principle of the magnetoelectric dipole, most of the magnetoelectric dipole antennas generally have a design profile of about 0.25 λ, so that the difficulty of antenna design is significantly increased by the requirement.
Document 1 (charles (a. Chlavinn) discloses a novel antenna with the same E-plane and H-plane patterns, and the feasibility of the theory of realizing pattern complementation based on two dipoles is first proposed in the IRE article of transmission (IRE practical Group on Antennas and Propagation), 1954,2 (3): 113-119).
Document 2 (luke (k.m.luk), wang (h.wong) discloses a novel broadband unidirectional antenna [ J ]. International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology (International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology), 2006,1 (1): 35-44) designs a magnetoelectric dipole antenna operating in one polarization, and realizes radiation of an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole by simultaneously exciting a pair of horizontal patches and a vertical short-circuit patch with a Γ -type probe, however, the overall size of the unit is 0.64 λ × 0.5 λ × 0.25 λ, the size is large and the feeding is complicated, which is not favorable for composing a scanning array.
Thereafter, with respect to this type of antenna, experts, scholars and engineers in the related art have conducted extensive research to obtain a series of technical results, however, with respect to the disclosed related magnetoelectric dipole antenna technology and structure, there are several problems as follows.
First, these improvements are mostly focused on increasing the impedance bandwidth of such antennas, and the profiles are mostly larger than 0.1 λ, although more low-profile miniaturized designs are also being made. Secondly, most of the magnetoelectric dipole antennas disclosed at present have complex feed structures and difficult processing and are not easy to form a large-angle scanning array in order to keep good performance. Therefore, how to realize a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole, a simple feeding mode and application of the magnetoelectric dipole in a large-angle scanning array are problems to be solved by people in the industry.
The patent literature search of the prior art finds that Chinese invention patent publication No. CN111262005A discloses a dual-polarized broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit and an antenna array suitable for a 5G base station, belongs to the technical field of mobile communication base station antennas, realizes dual polarization, has the advantages of miniaturization, wide frequency band, large gain, small back lobe, stable directional diagram, large isolation and the like, and can completely meet the requirements of modern 5G communication base stations. The metal box-packed structure comprises a metal base plate, the magnetoelectric dipoles comprise a plurality of magnetoelectric dipole units which are symmetrically distributed at intervals, each magnetoelectric dipole unit comprises an upper-layer dielectric substrate and a parallel dielectric plate positioned below the upper-layer dielectric substrate, metal patches are printed on a dielectric layer on the surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate and used as electric dipoles, a metal coating is arranged on the parallel dielectric plate, and the metal coating and the metal base plate jointly form the magnetic dipoles; the feed structure includes a pair of orthogonally arranged feed lines, the bottom of each feed line being connected to a coaxial line arranged through the metal chassis. The invention provides a small-sized component mounting structure, which solves the problem of insufficient internal space of a narrow-model car lamp. Therefore, the method disclosed in the document and the invention belong to different inventive concepts.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmons and a frequency scanning array.
The low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on the artificial surface plasmon comprises a magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure and a coplanar waveguide feed structure, wherein the coplanar waveguide feed structure is positioned at one end of the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure, and the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure feeds electricity through the coplanar waveguide feed structure;
the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure comprises an artificial surface plasmon transmission line and a stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure of a horizontal structure, the stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure is positioned in the middle of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line of the horizontal structure, the artificial surface plasmon transmission line of the horizontal structure radiates as an electric dipole, and the stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure radiates as a magnetic dipole.
In some embodiments, the magnetoelectric dipole radiating structure is formed by bending a good conductor, and the bending angle is 90 degrees.
In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises a diamond patch, the diamond patch is positioned in the center of one side of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line of the horizontal structure close to the coplanar waveguide feed structure, and the diamond patch compensates for imbalance of electric dipole radiation energy caused by gradual change of the groove depth.
In some embodiments, the gradual groove depth transition is located on a side of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line of the horizontal structure near the coplanar waveguide feed structure, and the gradual groove depth transition enables better energy transmission into the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure.
In some embodiments, the transmission line structure of the surface plasmon polariton is in an open convex shape.
In some embodiments, the current trend of the stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure is in an open current ring shape.
The invention also provides a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole frequency scanning array based on the artificial surface plasmon, which comprises a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on the artificial surface plasmon.
In some embodiments, the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structures are extended and connected periodically along the axial direction to form a series feed array, and the coplanar waveguide feed structures excite the series feed array and are respectively positioned on two sides of the end part of the series feed array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention realizes lower section of the magnetoelectric dipole through the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure, and reduces the whole size of the antenna;
(2) The series-fed array formed by the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structures has a frequency scanning characteristic, beam scanning in a large angle range can be realized, and the boundary of the beam scanning range is close to the side-emitting direction;
(3) The antenna adopts the coplanar waveguide to directly feed, reduces the manufacturing cost, has simple integral structure and is easy to process.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmons according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmons according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmons according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the current magnitude distribution at 2.85GHz for the antenna when the input port is excited according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an overall graph of the vector current distribution of the antenna at 2.85GHz when the input port is excited, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the vector current distribution of the antenna at 2.85GHz when the input port is excited according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a reflection coefficient simulation result of an input port of a unit antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows simulation results of patterns in azimuth planes phi =0 ° and phi =90 ° at 2.7GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows simulation results of patterns in azimuth planes phi =0 ° and phi =90 ° at 2.85GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 shows simulation results of patterns in azimuth planes phi =0 ° and phi =90 ° at 3GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is an overall schematic view of a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole frequency scanning antenna array based on artificial surface plasmons according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a side view of a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole frequency-scanned antenna array based on artificial surface plasmons according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a simulation result of reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients of two ports of the input port of the frequency-swept array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a simulation result of the pattern of the frequency-scanned array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention on the phi =90 ° azimuth plane at 2.4GHz, 2.5GHz, 2.6GHz, 2.7GHz, 2.8GHz, 2.9GHz, and 3 GHz.
Fig. 15 shows the variation of the maximum gain angle of the frequency-scanned array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention in the phi =90 ° azimuth plane in the 2.3GHz-3GHz band.
Fig. 16 shows the maximum gain variation of the frequency-swept array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention in the 2.3GHz-3GHz band.
Reference numbers in the figures:
the device comprises a magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1, an artificial surface plasmon transmission line 11 with a horizontal structure, a three-dimensional artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure 12, a coplanar waveguide feed structure 2, a rhombic patch 3, groove depth gradual change 4 and a series feed array 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will aid those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmons, which comprises a magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1, a coplanar waveguide feed structure 2, a rhombic patch 3 and a gradually-changed groove depth 4, wherein the coplanar waveguide feed structure 2 is positioned at one end of the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1, and the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1 feeds through the coplanar waveguide feed structure 2, as shown in figures 1-3. Wherein, the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1 is bent by a good conductor by 90 degrees, and the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1 periodically expands along the axial direction.
The magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1 includes an artificial surface plasmon transmission line 11 of a horizontal structure and a stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure 12 in the shape of an open convex letter, and the stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure 12 is located in the middle of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line 11 of the horizontal structure. The artificial surface plasmon transmission line 11 of the horizontal structure radiates as an electric dipole; the stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure 12 radiates as a magnetic dipole. Preferably, the current path is in the shape of an open current loop.
The rhombic patch 3 is connected to the center of one side, close to the coplanar waveguide feed structure 2, of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line 11 of the horizontal structure, and the rhombic patch 3 makes up the imbalance of electric dipole radiation energy caused by the gradual change 4 of the groove depth. The gradual change 4 of the groove depth is positioned on one side of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line 11 of the horizontal structure close to the coplanar waveguide feed structure 2, and the gradual change 4 of the groove depth enables energy to be better transmitted into the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 4-6, the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure 1 with slow-wave characteristics is bent at a right angle for multiple times, so that the current distribution on the open "convex" type three-dimensional artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure 12 is similar to an open current loop with a clockwise current trend at the center frequency of the formed unit of 2.85GHz, and the formed unit is used as a magnetic dipole for radiation. And the current directions on the horizontal artificial surface plasmon transmission line 11 structures at both sides of the unit are consistent, and the transmission line is radiated as a pair of electric dipoles. In the embodiment, the used artificial surface plasmon transmission line adopts coplanar waveguide for feeding, and the gradual change design is carried out on the groove depth gradual change 4 of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line close to the feeding side so as to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna. A diamond patch 3 is added at the center of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line 11 structure of the horizontal structure close to the feeding side to make up the asymmetry of the radiation energy at the two ends of the electric dipole caused by the gradual change 4 of the groove depth.
The simulation results show that the antenna works well in the frequency band of 2.73GHz-2.97GHz, and the relative impedance bandwidth is 8.4%. The antenna has obvious magneto-electric dipole working characteristics, high antenna gain (8.5-9 dBi), low back lobe radiation and symmetrical directional patterns of the unit on an E plane (phi =90 ℃) and an H plane (phi =0 ℃). The main lobe of the E-surface directional diagram of the unit is deviated mainly because the gradual change design is carried out on the gradual change of the depth of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line close to the feed side of the unit in order to better transmit energy, and the balance of the radiation energy at two ends of the electric dipole is damaged.
Example 2
The invention also provides a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole frequency scanning array based on the artificial surface plasmon, which comprises a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on the artificial surface plasmon, as shown in figures 11-12. A plurality of magnetoelectric dipole radiation structures 1 are connected in series to form a series feed array 5, a coplanar waveguide feed structure 2 excites the series feed array 5, and the coplanar waveguide feed structures 2 are respectively positioned on two sides of the end part of the series feed array 5. Preferably, the coplanar waveguide feed structure 5 is implemented by a printed circuit board process, and the series feed array 5 is implemented by connecting 5 magnetoelectric dipole radiation structures 1 to each other, which are formed by bending good conductors.
More specifically, fig. 13-16 show the relevant performance simulation parameters of the exemplary antenna of the frequency-swept array, and it can be seen from the simulation results that the frequency-swept array antenna has good impedance performance at 2.4GHz-3GHz, the relative working bandwidth is 22.2%, the active reflection coefficient of the port is < -10dB, and the isolation between the ports is >10dB. The array can achieve 54 ° beam scanning in this frequency band with an array gain >8dBi, where at 2.4-2.7GHz the array scans at a more constant rate (120 °/GHz), while at 2.7-3GHz the scanning rate slows as the beam gets closer to the array broadside direction, but still can achieve a range of angular beam scanning.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description has described specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (7)
1. A low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmons is characterized by comprising a magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure (1) and a coplanar waveguide feed structure (2), wherein the coplanar waveguide feed structure (2) is positioned at one end of the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure (1), and the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure (1) feeds through the coplanar waveguide feed structure (2);
the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structure (1) comprises an artificial surface plasmon transmission line (11) with a horizontal structure and a stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure (12), wherein the stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure (12) is positioned in the middle of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line (11) with the horizontal structure, the artificial surface plasmon transmission line (11) with the horizontal structure is used as an electric dipole for radiation, and the stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure (12) is used as a magnetic dipole for radiation;
the three-dimensional artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure (12) is in an open convex shape.
2. The artificial surface plasmon based low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein said magnetoelectric dipole radiating structure (1) is formed by bending a good conductor at an angle of 90 °.
3. The artificial surface plasmon based low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit according to claim 2, further comprising a rhombic patch (3), wherein the rhombic patch (3) is located in the center of one side of the horizontal structure artificial surface plasmon transmission line (11) close to the coplanar waveguide feed structure (2), and the rhombic patch (3) compensates for the imbalance of electric dipole radiation energy caused by gradual groove depth variation (4).
4. The artificial surface plasmon based low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit according to claim 3, wherein said groove depth gradations (4) are located on the side of the artificial surface plasmon transmission line (11) of the horizontal structure near the coplanar waveguide feed structure (2), said groove depth gradations (4) enable better energy transmission into the magnetoelectric dipole radiating structure (1).
5. The artificial surface plasmon based low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the current trend of the stereoscopic artificial surface plasmon transmission line structure (12) is open current ring-shaped.
6. A low-profile magnetoelectric dipole frequency scanning array based on artificial surface plasmons is characterized by comprising the low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna unit based on artificial surface plasmons of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The artificial surface plasmon based low-profile magnetoelectric dipole frequency scanning array according to claim 6, wherein the magnetoelectric dipole radiation structures (1) are periodically extended and connected in an axial direction to form a series feed array (5), the coplanar waveguide feed structure (2) excites the series feed array (5), and the coplanar waveguide feed structures (2) are respectively positioned on two sides of the end of the series feed array (5).
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| GB588044A (en) * | 1944-10-31 | 1947-05-13 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in aerial arrays |
| AU2011372317B2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2017-05-04 | Gapwaves Ab | Improved broadband multi-dipole antenna with frequency-independent radiation characteristics |
| CN106712227B (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2020-05-19 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Wireless charging transmitting device |
| CN105261841A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-01-20 | 东南大学 | Quasi-surface plasmon-based leaky-wave antenna |
| CN105305099B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-08-21 | 东南大学 | A kind of wide angle frequency scanning patch array of plane surface phasmon feed |
| CN108336500B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2020-05-26 | 南京邮电大学 | Single-beam double-period surface plasmon side-emitting leaky-wave antenna |
| CN109639240A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-16 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz frequency multiplier based on artificial surface phasmon |
| CN109742532B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-18 | 厦门大学 | Symmetry period slot leaky-wave antenna based on artificial surface plasmon |
| CN110085989A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-08-02 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of Yagi spark gap leaky-wave antenna based on artificial surface phasmon |
| CN110518348A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-29 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of wideband dual polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna element in the equal face E and the face H |
| CN110838618B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-10-08 | 上海交通大学 | Bimodal antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton structure |
| CN111129763A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-05-08 | 盛纬伦(深圳)通信技术有限公司 | Ridge waveguide slot array antenna |
| CN111555023B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2022-06-14 | 东南大学 | Asymmetric double-artificial surface plasmon sum and difference beam antenna |
| CN113782966B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-11-08 | 南京邮电大学 | High-gain low-profile Vivaldi antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton |
| CN113571886B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-09-20 | 上海交通大学 | Low-profile phase mode antenna and three-dimensional space scanning array formed by same |
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