CN107275766B - Broadband surface wave antenna based on non-uniform periodic structure loading - Google Patents
Broadband surface wave antenna based on non-uniform periodic structure loading Download PDFInfo
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- CN107275766B CN107275766B CN201710365687.2A CN201710365687A CN107275766B CN 107275766 B CN107275766 B CN 107275766B CN 201710365687 A CN201710365687 A CN 201710365687A CN 107275766 B CN107275766 B CN 107275766B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0018—Space- fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and discloses a broadband surface wave antenna based on non-uniform periodic structure loading, which comprises: the periodic metal patch array is printed on the upper surface of the first medium substrate; the first dielectric substrate is positioned above the second dielectric substrate and is spaced by adopting an air dielectric; the circular patch is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate; the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the second medium substrate; the inner conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with the circular patch and the center of the metal floor. Compared with the uniform periodic patch unit adopted by the existing surface wave antenna, the non-uniform periodic patch unit simultaneously excites two adjacent resonance modes, and the bandwidth of the antenna is widened by combining the two resonance modes; compared with the structure that the existing surface wave antenna is not loaded with an air medium, the feed unit provides a wider impedance bandwidth by utilizing air near coupling; the reduction of the radius of the metal floor increases the path of the surface wave diffraction field, and has broadband characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband surface wave antenna based on non-uniform periodic structure loading.
Background
Modern wireless communication systems, such as WLANs (wireless local area networks), typically require antennas to radiate a horizontal omnidirectional pattern. The traditional monopole antenna has simple structure, can provide vertical polarization and has good omnidirectional characteristic of a horizontal directional pattern, but the traditional monopole antenna has the best advantage of providing the vertical polarization and the good omnidirectional characteristic of the horizontal directional patternA big disadvantage is the high profile, which is difficult to use for platforms with limited space. Microstrip antenna has the advantages of low profile, light weight, small volume and easy integration, so microstrip patch antenna with omnidirectional directional pattern is widely researched. However, the main disadvantage of microstrip antennas is the narrow bandwidth, requiring the use of technologies that extend the bandwidth. Generally, a method for improving the bandwidth of an antenna includes: increasing the thickness of the dielectric plate, utilizing a multi-layer dielectric structure, loading parasitic elements, loading probes, slotting on the floor and the like. The antenna height is increased by adopting a thick dielectric plate and a multi-layer dielectric structure. The use of a loaded parasitic element will increase the size of the transverse or longitudinal antenna. The loading probe is inconvenient for antenna processing, and the slot on the floor can increase the back lobe radiation of the antenna. Therefore, the low-profile omni-directional microstrip patch antenna still has certain disadvantages in the application of the wireless communication system. In recent years, with the development of artificial materials, periodic structures attract more and more attention of people, and have important application potential and value in the field of antennas. A group of metal patches loaded with short-circuit probes are arranged periodically to form a mushroom-type EBG (electromagnetic band gap) structure, the structure shows the characteristic of band gap, the surface wave of the antenna can be inhibited, the mutual coupling among the array antenna units is reduced, and the performance of the printed antenna and a circuit is improved. Periodic metal arrays placed above the floor can be used as partially reflective surfaces to improve the gain of simple radiation sources (e.g. microstrip patches, waveguide slots). Such a periodic metal array can also be used as a radiating element of an antenna, for example, in the document "metal-based low-profile and mushroom antenna", by liuweii et al, it is proposed to use a composite left-right-handed mushroom-type periodic structure as a radiating element, and to simultaneously excite two adjacent resonant modes through a slot, thereby realizing broadband characteristics. Pan et al, in A low-profile high gain and wideband filtering antenna with a radiating element, designed an antenna with filtering characteristics using a non-uniform periodic metal patch array. In addition, the periodic patch array printed on the ground dielectric plate may be represented as an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) whose reflection phase shift of the incident wave is 0 degree unlike the perfect conductor (PEC) surface which performs a total reflection of 180 degrees on the incident electromagnetic waveThus, when using an AMC surface as an artificial floor or reflector, the antenna can be placed very close to the floor to reduce the antenna height. AMC structures can also be implemented with periodic patches that do not load probes or vias for ease of processing, and such AMC surfaces are now widely used in implementing low profiles for antennas. The periodic array surface allows surface waves to pass when no shorting probes (vias) are loaded. While for most antennas the surface waves affect the radiation efficiency of the antenna and should be suppressed as much as possible, it is advantageous for antennas that require the use of surface wave diffraction, and therefore an interesting application for periodic structures is the design of surface wave antennas. The surface wave antenna has a low profile, and the TM mode surface wave can form a monopole-like pattern, so the surface wave antenna has a great application potential in the field of wireless communication. However, the bandwidth of the surface wave antenna is generally narrow, such as the surface wave antenna proposed in "a novel surface wave antenna using a periodic square patch array without a probe" published by Fan Yang et al in 2005, ieee microwave and Optical Technology, the design of AMC artificial floor is made by using periodic square patch array without a probe, so that the distance between the dipole and the artificial floor is only 0.02 λ0(wavelength in air) the antenna bandwidth is 6%. Yang et al, 2007 published in the journal IEEE IET Antenna and Propagation in the article "Low-profile surface wave Antenna with a monolithic-likeradiative pattern", and proposed herein, an artificial floor with a square patch loading unit is used for a surface wave Antenna, which achieves a high level of height<0.05λ0Low profile, and bandwidth of only 5.6%; in the same year, Asem Al-Zoubi et Al published in the journal IEEETransactions on Antenna and Propagation in the document A low-profile dual-surface wave Antenna with a monopole-patch Antenna, and proposed a dual-frequency surface wave Antenna with impedance bandwidths of 1.1% and 3.94% at the resonance frequency, respectively. To overcome the disadvantage of narrow bandwidth of the surface wave antenna, the prior methods for increasing the bandwidth of the surface wave antenna, such as the method published by the IEEE Proceedings of the 39th European Microwave Conference by the Cheolbok Kim et al in 2009The document proposes to expand the bandwidth by loading a parasitic annular patch around a circular patch of center feed, and the antenna obtains a bandwidth of 23.6% and a gain of 5.91dBi by using the method, but in the surface wave antenna, the circular patch is equivalent to an excitation unit for generating a surface wave rather than a radiation unit, and it is obviously limited or even infeasible to improve the bandwidth of the surface wave antenna by using the conventional method for improving the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna, and the bandwidth of the surface wave antenna is improved by using the conventional method for expanding the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna, which may increase the size, thickness, processing difficulty, and the like of the antenna. Therefore, the method has very important significance for the research of improving the bandwidth of the surface wave antenna.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the existing surface wave antenna based on the periodic structure adopts a uniform patch array, and the bandwidth of the surface wave antenna is narrow, so that the application of the surface wave antenna in a wireless communication system is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a broadband surface wave antenna based on non-uniform periodic structure loading.
The invention is realized in such a way that a broadband surface wave antenna based on non-uniform periodic structure loading comprises:
m is multiplied by m periodic metal patch arrays arranged at equal intervals, wherein m is more than or equal to 3;
the periodic metal patch array is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate and used for guiding the propagation of surface waves;
the first dielectric substrate is positioned above the second dielectric substrate, and an air medium is present and used for converting energy from the circular patch into a surface wave by utilizing air coupling;
the circular patch is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate and used for exciting a surface wave;
the radius of the metal floor is smaller than that of the second medium substrate, and the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the second medium substrate and is used for being connected with the outer skin of the coaxial probe;
the inner conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with the circular patch and the center of the metal floor for feeding.
Further, the periodic patch array includes m × m non-uniformly sized patch units; the size of m x m patch elements of the periodic patch array is non-uniformly tapered, and the size of the patch element at the center of the array is smaller while the size of the patch element at the edge of the array is larger, so that two resonance modes are excited simultaneously to widen the bandwidth.
Furthermore, the patch units are in odd symmetry along the X-axis and the Y-axis, the widths of the patch units are sequentially tapered from w-2t, w-t and w + t close to the X-axis to w +2t, and the lengths of the patch units are sequentially tapered from w-2t, w-t and w + t close to the Y-axis to w +2t for simultaneously exciting TM01And TM02A surface wave of the mode; where w and t are parameters.
Further, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are of circular structures and have the same radius.
Furthermore, the metal floor adopts a circular structure, and the radius of the metal floor is smaller than that of the second medium substrate.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: because the sizes of the m × m periodic patch units are non-uniform and are changed from the unit with a smaller center to the unit with a larger edge, compared with the uniform periodic patch unit adopted by the existing surface wave antenna, two adjacent resonant modes can be excited simultaneously, and the bandwidth of the antenna can be widened by combining the two resonant modes. The invention provides a surface wave antenna using a non-uniform periodic patch array, and the bandwidth of the antenna is remarkably improved by exciting two adjacent resonant modes. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the metal floor is further widened by utilizing air coupling feed and reducing the bandwidth of the metal floor.
Because the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate have certain air media, compared with the structure that the air media are not loaded on the existing surface wave antenna, the feed unit can provide wider impedance bandwidth by utilizing air near coupling. The invention can increase the path of the surface wave diffraction field due to the reduction of the radius of the metal floor, thereby having the broadband characteristic.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband surface wave antenna based on non-uniform periodic structure loading according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a periodic patch array structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a reflection coefficient graph provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of gain curves provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a radiation pattern at different frequency points provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the broadband surface wave antenna loaded based on the non-uniform periodic structure according to the embodiment of the present invention includes m × m periodic metal patch arrays 1 arranged at equal intervals, a first dielectric substrate 5, a circular patch 2, a second dielectric substrate 6, a metal floor 3, and a coaxial probe 4, where m is greater than or equal to 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, m is 8, and a patch unit of the periodic patch array 1 is rectangular; the periodic metal patch array 1 comprises m × m non-uniform rectangular metal patch units which are arranged at equal intervals, wherein the sizes of the m × m non-uniform rectangular patches are tapered, the size of the patch unit at the center of the array is smaller, and the size of the unit at the edge of the array is larger, so that two adjacent resonant modes are excited simultaneously; the periodic metal patch array 1 is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 5 for guiding the propagation of surface waves. The first dielectric substrate 5 and the second dielectric substrate 6 are circular structures and have equal radiuses, the first dielectric substrate 5 is located above the second dielectric substrate 6, and a certain air medium exists for converting energy from the circular patch 2 into surface waves by air coupling. Through holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the first dielectric substrate 5 and the second dielectric substrate 6, and bolts penetrate through the through holes and are used for fixing the first dielectric substrate 5. A circular patch 2 is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 6 for exciting surface waves. The metal floor 3 is of a circular structure, has a smaller radius than the second dielectric substrate 6, is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 6, and is used for connecting with the outer skin of the coaxial probe 4. The inner conductor of the coaxial probe 4 connects the circular patch 2 and the center of the metal floor 3 for feeding.
As shown in fig. 2, the periodic patch array 1 includes 8 × 8 metal rectangular patches of non-uniform size, with equal inter-patch distances. The patch unit is in odd symmetry along the X-axis and the Y-axis, the width of the patch unit is sequentially tapered from w-2t, w-t and w + t close to the X-axis to w +2t, and the length of the patch unit is sequentially tapered from w-2t, w-t and w + t close to the Y-axis to w +2t for simultaneously exciting TM01And TM02Surface wave of the mode. Where w and t are parameters.
The application effect of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the simulation.
The operating frequency of the present invention is selected to be 5.37 GHz.
1. Emulated content
1.1 simulation of the reflection coefficient of the broadband surface wave antenna of the embodiment of the present invention using commercial simulation software High Frequency Structure Simulator HFSS ver.13) is shown in fig. 3.
1.2 the gain of the broadband surface wave antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention was simulated, and the result is shown in fig. 4.
1.3 simulation calculation is performed on the E-plane and H-plane patterns of the broadband surface wave antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention at 4.8, 5.37, and 5.95GHz, and the result is shown in fig. 5.
2. Simulation result
As shown in FIG. 3, two modes of operation TM of the present invention01And TM02The modes resonate at frequencies of 4.8GHz and 5.95GHz, with corresponding reflection coefficients of-15 dB and-25 dB, respectively. The impedance frequency band with the antenna reflection coefficient smaller than-10 dB is 4.53-6.21 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 31.3%. The prior art only excites one with the uniform periodic patch array and the same size as the non-uniform periodic patch array of the present inventionThe resonant frequency is 5.2GHz, the impedance frequency band is 4.84-5.79 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is only 17.8%; it can be seen that the present invention has a broadband characteristic compared to the prior art.
As shown in FIG. 4, the gain of the antenna of the present invention varies from 5.3dBi to 7.16dBi within the impedance band of 4.53-5.75 GHz, the maximum gain is 7.6dBi, and the average gain is 6.23 dBi. When the prior art adopts a uniform periodic patch array, the maximum gain in the impedance frequency band is 6.94GHz, and the average gain is 5.7 dBi. It can be seen that the present invention has a higher gain characteristic than the prior art.
As shown in fig. 5, the pattern polarizations of the present invention at 4.8, 5.37 and 5.95GHz are completely the same, the E-plane pattern is axially null, the main beam is pointed in the direction θ of 30 °, the H-plane pattern has good omni-directional characteristics, and the cross polarization of the E-plane and the H-plane is lower than the main polarization by about-20 dB. The directivity pattern of the present invention is similar to a vertical monopole. Therefore, the invention has good radiation characteristics similar to a monopole.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A non-uniform periodic structure loading based wideband surface wave antenna, comprising:
m is multiplied by m periodic metal patch arrays arranged at equal intervals, wherein m is more than or equal to 3;
the periodic metal patch array is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate and used for guiding the propagation of surface waves;
the first dielectric substrate is positioned above the second dielectric substrate, and an air medium is present and used for converting energy from the circular patch into a surface wave by utilizing air coupling;
the circular patch is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate and used for exciting a surface wave;
the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the second medium substrate and is used for connecting the outer skin of the coaxial probe;
the inner conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with the circular patch and the center of the metal floor and used for feeding;
the periodic patch array includes m x m non-uniformly sized patch units; the size of m multiplied by m patch units of the periodic patch array is non-uniformly tapered, the size of the patch unit positioned in the center of the array is smaller, the size of the unit positioned at the edge of the array is larger, and the periodic patch array is used for simultaneously exciting two resonance modes to widen the bandwidth;
the patch units are in odd symmetry along the X-axis and the Y-axis directions, and the widths of the patch units are sequentially increased from w-2t close to the X-axis to w +2t according to the interval of the size t>0, sequentially increasing the length of the patch unit from w-2t close to the Y axis to w +2t according to the interval of the size t, realizing sequential tapering change of the size of the whole patch unit, and simultaneously exciting TM01And TM02A surface wave of the mode; where w and t are parameters.
2. The non-uniform periodic structure loading based broadband surface wave antenna of claim 1 wherein the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are circular structures and have the same radius.
3. The non-uniform periodic structure loading based broadband surface wave antenna of claim 1, wherein the metal floor is a circular structure with a radius smaller than the second dielectric substrate.
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| JP6855258B2 (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2021-04-07 | 原田工業株式会社 | Composite antenna device |
| CN108718005B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-02-26 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Double-resonance microwave absorber |
| WO2020045237A1 (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-05 | 京セラ株式会社 | Resonance structure, antenna, wireless communication module, and wireless communication apparatus |
| CN109509990B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-05-28 | 四川睿迪澳科技有限公司 | All-metal FP resonant cavity antenna based on choke groove and non-uniform covering layer |
| CN111430891B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband low-profile antenna based on polarization correlation super-surface structure |
| CN113745848B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2024-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna, using method and communication base station |
| CN112928464B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-07-22 | 中山大学 | Multi-beam antenna without feed network and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113889753B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-12-09 | 浙江大学 | Omnidirectional matching non-uniform energy receiving surface aiming at line source radiation |
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