CN117832878B - Dual-polarized curve tight coupling phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning - Google Patents

Dual-polarized curve tight coupling phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117832878B
CN117832878B CN202410052296.5A CN202410052296A CN117832878B CN 117832878 B CN117832878 B CN 117832878B CN 202410052296 A CN202410052296 A CN 202410052296A CN 117832878 B CN117832878 B CN 117832878B
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patch
layer
antenna
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wide
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CN117832878A (en
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韩峻
翟会清
曲新波
白杰
朱颖
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Jiangsu Cyberspace Science And Technology Co ltd
Xidian University
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Jiangsu Cyberspace Science And Technology Co ltd
Xidian University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a dual-polarized curve tight coupling phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning, which comprises a wide-angle matching layer, an antenna radiation structure, two feed structures, a wave absorbing structure, a metal floor and two coaxial lines, wherein the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the antenna radiation structure are respectively connected with the wide-angle matching layer and the wave absorbing structure through insulators, the coaxial lines are positioned on the metal floor and connected to the feed structures, the metal floor is positioned below the wave absorbing structure, and the whole feed structure vertically passes through the wave absorbing structure and is connected with the antenna radiation structure; the invention has the advantage of realizing lower RCS performance on the premise of keeping the original performance of the tightly coupled antenna.

Description

Dual-polarized curve tight coupling phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tightly coupled antennas, and particularly relates to a dual-polarized curve tightly coupled phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning.
Background
Radar stealth technology is a common technology in stealth, and mainly utilizes the radar scattering cross section of a target to achieve stealth. The radar scattering cross section is a measure of the radar signal scattering capability of a target in the radar incidence direction, is normalized by the power density of an incidence field, is an important parameter for measuring the radiation intensity of a target, and is more beneficial to a combat platform as the radar scattering cross section is smaller.
The ultra-wideband array antenna has higher distance resolution and wider working bandwidth, can accurately identify targets, has wide application value, has high requirements on energy radiation concentration degree, low negative lobe, low interception rate or wave beam in electronic contrast and electromagnetic stealth, and has very remarkable research significance in the aspects. However, the conventional broadband array is generally designed based on the non-frequency-variant principle, and the influence of coupling on the antenna performance needs to be reduced by adopting a decoupling means between array units, so that the cross section of an electrical size unit of the antenna unit is overlarge, and the overlarge cross section size of the antenna unit not only has stronger scattering but also limits the array scanning angle to a certain extent, so that based on the conventional design method, the ultra-broadband miniaturized phased array antenna is difficult to realize.
In recent years, scholars propose to utilize the coupling of array elements of an array antenna, and the method does not try to decouple the array antenna any more, but needs to strengthen the mutual coupling effect, and expands the coupling to low frequency to realize the impedance characteristic of ultra-wideband, namely a tightly coupled antenna, on the premise of not increasing the physical size of the array antenna. The main influencing factors of the antenna in the working frequency range are as follows: the main influencing factors of the low frequency end are the coupling degree of the antenna element, the section height and the array element spacing, and the impedance bandwidth at the high frequency end is limited by the array element spacing. Advantages of tightly coupled antenna arrays include high gain, beam concentration, good directivity, high resolution, ultra-wideband, small form factor, and low profile implementation. Therefore, the tightly coupled antenna array is gradually attracting attention, and is also gradually gaining attention from students at home and abroad. And researches show that the tightly coupled antenna has a lower radar scattering cross section and is suitable for being placed at the rudiment position of the front end of an airplane through some means, but the existing tightly coupled antenna can not realize the lower RCS performance on the premise of keeping the original performance of the tightly coupled antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the dual-polarized curve tightly-coupled phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning, which has the function of realizing lower RCS (radar cross section) performance on the premise of keeping the original performance of the tightly-coupled antenna.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A dual polarization curve tight coupling phased array antenna for wide angle scanning comprises a wide angle matching layer, an antenna radiation structure, two feed structures, a wave absorbing structure, a metal floor and two coaxial lines, wherein the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the antenna radiation structure are respectively connected with the wide angle matching layer and the wave absorbing structure through insulators, the coaxial lines are positioned on the metal floor and connected to the feed structures, the metal floor is positioned below the wave absorbing structure, and the whole feed structure vertically penetrates through the wave absorbing structure and is connected with the antenna radiation structure
Further, antenna radiation structure includes four upper radiation patches and lower floor's dielectric plate, upper radiation patches is located the upper side of lower floor's dielectric plate and four upper radiation patches are circular array setting with lower floor's dielectric plate as the center, and four upper radiation patches are adjacent the side and are adopted the side of curve form and curve form to be contactless each other, the bar hole that supplies the feed structure to pass is offered to the lower floor's dielectric plate, the feed structure connects upper radiation patches.
Further, a paster that four upper radiation patches are constituteed, the outer shape of paster is square, and the breach of paster inlayer is a square, and the inlayer breach of paster is concentric square and two square limit and limit parallel with the paster, the four corners of paster all is connected with a first rectangle paster, the side that the paster was kept away from to first rectangle paster is provided with the second rectangle paster, second rectangle paster connection feed structure.
Further, the wave absorbing structure comprises a resistive structure, an upper metal patch and a lower medium substrate, wherein the middle of the whole upper metal patch is a cross-shaped patch, the four branches of the cross-shaped patch are respectively provided with a convex branch and a concave branch, the middle of the convex branch and the concave branch are uniformly provided with the resistive structure, the center of the cross-shaped patch is provided with a regular octagonal ring, the tail ends of the branches are arrows with two mutually perpendicular wings, the tail end arrows of the branches are outwards, the four corners of the regular octagonal ring are connected with the four branches of the cross-shaped patch, the cross-shaped patch is clung to the surface of the lower medium substrate, and the lower medium substrate is provided with a hole for the feed structure to pass through.
Further, the feed structure includes middle dielectric substrate, feed microstrip paster and back bottom plate paster are laid in the tow sides of middle dielectric substrate, feed microstrip paster is the curve gradual change type paster of upper and lower width, and the side at back bottom plate paster 10 top both ends is the arc, and the root part of back bottom plate paster is the rectangle, the outer conductor and the second rectangle paster of back bottom plate paster connection coaxial line, the inner conductor and the upper radiation paster of feed microstrip paster connection coaxial line.
Further, the wide-angle matching layer is specifically a single-layer dielectric substrate with a square top view.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, under the condition that the standing wave ratio is smaller than 3, a scanning angle of +/-60 degrees can be realized on both an E surface and an H surface in a range of 0.8GHz-4GHz (1:5), the problems of poor low-frequency performance, narrow bandwidth and narrow scanning angle of the conventional phased array antenna are solved, meanwhile, the influence on the original performance of the antenna is reduced as much as possible by optimizing the matching performance of the antenna while the non-closed wave absorbing structure absorbs backward radiation, the overall section height is 0.07 lambda Low frequency ,0.21λ High frequency , the section is lower, and the overall scattering of the antenna is effectively reduced.
In a word, the invention has the advantage of realizing lower RCS performance on the premise of keeping the original performance of the tightly coupled antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram illustrating the dimensions of the antenna radiation structure of fig. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is an enlarged view of the block diagram of FIG. 3a according to the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure and dimensions of the wave-absorbing structure of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the dimensions of the feed structure of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 (a) is a chart showing the standing wave ratio simulation result of theta phase scanning when phi is 0 degrees in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 (b) is a chart showing the standing wave ratio simulation result of the theta phase scanning when phi is 90 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 (a) is a diagram showing simulation results of the isolation between the theta phase scan dual polarized ports when phi is 0 degrees in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 (b) is a diagram showing simulation results of the isolation between the theta phase scanning dual polarized ports when phi is 90 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 (a) is a graph showing the dual port gain for theta of 0 degrees when phi=0 degrees according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 (b) is a dual port gain of 30 degrees for theta for the embodiment of the invention when phi=0 degrees;
FIG. 8 (c) is a graph of the dual port gain for theta of 45 degrees for phi=0 degrees according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 (d) is a dual port gain of 60 degrees for theta for the embodiment of the present invention when phi=0 degrees;
Fig. 9 (a) shows a dual port gain of 0 ° theta for phi=90° according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 (b) is a dual port gain of 30 degrees for theta for the embodiment of the invention when phi=90 degrees;
fig. 9 (c) shows a dual port gain of 45 ° theta for phi=90° in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 (d) is a dual port gain of 60 degrees for theta for the embodiment of the invention when phi=90 degrees.
In the figure, 1, wide angle matching layer, 2, antenna radiation structure, 3, feed structure, 4, wave absorbing structure, 5, metal floor, 6, upper radiation patch, 7, lower dielectric plate, 8, feed microstrip patch, 9, middle dielectric substrate, 10, back bottom plate patch, 11, resistive structure, 12, upper metal patch, 121, branch, 122, concave branch, 123, convex branch, 13, lower dielectric substrate, 14, coaxial line, 15, first rectangular patch, 16, second rectangular patch.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-9 (d), a dual polarized curved tight coupling phased array antenna for wide angle scanning comprises a wide angle matching layer 1, an antenna radiation structure 2, two feed structures 3, a wave absorbing structure 4, a metal floor 5 and two coaxial lines 14, wherein the upper and lower sides of the antenna radiation structure 2 are respectively connected with the wide angle matching layer 1 and the wave absorbing structure 4 through insulators, the insulators are particularly gaskets or cylinders, the coaxial lines 14 are positioned on the metal floor 5 and connected to the feed structures 3, the metal floor 5 is positioned below the wave absorbing structure 4, and the whole of the feed structures 3 vertically passes through the wave absorbing structure 4 and is connected with the antenna radiation structure 2.
In this embodiment, the antenna radiation structure 2 includes four upper layer radiation patches 6 and a lower layer dielectric plate 7, the upper layer radiation patches 6 are located on the upper side surface of the lower layer dielectric plate 7, the four upper layer radiation patches 6 are arranged in a circular array with the lower layer dielectric plate 7 as the center, the adjacent side surfaces of the four upper layer radiation patches 6 adopt a curve form and the side surfaces of the curve form are not contacted with each other, the lower layer dielectric plate 7 is provided with a strip-shaped hole through which the feed structure 3 passes, the feed structure 3 is connected with the upper layer radiation patches 6, the lower layer dielectric plate 7 is connected with the wide angle matching layer 1 through a gasket or a column body, and the interval between the lower layer dielectric plate 7 and the upper layer radiation patches 6 is h3.
In this embodiment, a patch composed of four upper-layer radiation patches 6 is provided, the outer shape of the patch is square, the notch of the inner layer of the patch and the patch are concentric squares, two square sides are parallel to each other, four corners of the patch are respectively connected with a first rectangular patch 15, the side surface of the first rectangular patch 15 far away from the patch is provided with a second rectangular patch 16, and the second rectangular patch 16 is connected with the feed structure 3.
In this embodiment, the wave absorbing structure 4 includes a resistive structure 11, an upper metal patch 12 and a lower dielectric substrate 13, the middle of the upper metal patch 12 is a "cross" patch, four branches 121 of the "cross" patch are provided with a convex branch 123 and a concave branch 122, the resistive structure 11 is uniformly distributed in the middle of the convex branch 123 and the concave branch 122, the resistive structure 11 is a resistor, a regular octagonal ring is provided in the center of the "cross" patch, the tail ends of the branches 121 are arrows with two perpendicular wings, the tail ends of the branches 121 are outward, the four corners of the regular octagonal ring are connected with the four branches 121 of the "cross" patch, the "cross" patch is tightly attached to the surface of the lower dielectric substrate 13, the lower dielectric substrate 13 is provided with holes for the feed structure 3 to pass through, the lower dielectric substrate 13 is fixed on the lower dielectric substrate 7 by a spacer or a cylinder, and the distance between the lower dielectric substrate 13 and the metal floor 5 is h4.
In this embodiment, the feeding structure 3 includes an intermediate dielectric substrate 9, a feeding microstrip patch 8 and a back bottom plate patch 10, the feeding microstrip patch 8 and the back bottom plate patch 10 are laid on the front and back sides of the intermediate dielectric substrate 9, the feeding microstrip patch 8 is a curved gradual change patch with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, the side surfaces of two ends above the back bottom plate patch 10 are arc-shaped, the root part of the back bottom plate patch 10 is rectangular, the back bottom plate patch 10 is connected with the outer conductor of the coaxial line 4 and the second rectangular patch 16, and the feeding microstrip patch 8 is connected with the inner conductor of the coaxial line 4 and the upper radiation patch 6.
In this embodiment, the wide-angle matching layer 1 is specifically a single-layer dielectric substrate having a square shape in plan view;
In the present embodiment, the lower dielectric plate 7, the intermediate dielectric substrate 9, and the lower dielectric substrate 13 are made of the same dielectric material, and the dielectric material has a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.001;
The antenna in this embodiment is shown in FIGS. 2-5, wherein the corresponding dimensions (in mm) of the letters in FIGS. 2-5 are a=6,x=y=30,h1=0.5,h2=20.5,h3=1,h4=15.5,t1=1,t2=0.254,t3=5,dbz=5,dhx=dhy=0.5,dx=3,dx1=1.1,u=0.5,,kbwx=kbwy=0.5,yw=6,11=40.46,12=8.39,13=3.89,14=2.7,r1=3π,r2=8,j=0.1,v=8,w1=4,w2=0.2,w3=0.5,w4=0.4,wb=20,wl=1.6,ws=0.095,wsl=5,wzh=0.5wzy=1,xc=3,xl=4;
When the coaxial line 14 is used, an external signal is input, then current is transmitted to the upper radiation patch 6 through the feed structure 3 with impedance transformation function, the current is radiated through the upper radiation patch 6, and the function of beam scanning is realized by changing the phase of an input signal, because the physical size of the feed structure 3 is fixed, the mismatch of an antenna can be caused when the phase of the input signal is changed, the performance is deteriorated, at the moment, the impedance compensation is carried out through the wide-foot matching layer, so that the matching effect is achieved, the backward radiation of the upper radiation patch 6 is reduced by adding the wave absorbing structure 4, the scattering of the antenna is reduced, and the stealth is more facilitated.
As shown in fig. 2, the overall height from the metal floor 5 to the upper side surface of the wide-angle matching layer 1 is t3+h3+h2, and the overall section height is 0.07 lambda Low frequency ,0.21λ High frequency , so that the problem that the section of the current phased array is higher is solved.
The effect of the invention can be further illustrated by the following simulation experiment, the simulation tool of which is electromagnetic software CST.
Simulation experiment 1, which simulates the voltage standing wave ratio of the embodiment of the invention: phi=0 degrees, phase scan results from 0 degrees to 60 degrees are shown in fig. 6 (a), phi=90 degrees, and phase scan results from 0 degrees to 60 degrees are shown in fig. 6 (b).
As can be seen from FIG. 6 (a) and FIG. 6 (b), the phase scanning voltage standing wave ratio of the embodiment of the invention is below 3 between 0.8GHz and 4GHz, and the phase scanning voltage standing wave ratio has wider bandwidth.
Simulation experiment 2, simulating the port isolation according to the embodiment of the present invention: phi=0 degrees, phase scan results from 0 degrees to 60 degrees are shown in fig. 7 (a), phi=90 degrees, and phase scan results from 0 degrees to 60 degrees are shown in fig. 7 (b).
As can be seen from fig. 7 (a) and fig. 7 (b), the isolation between two ends of the phase scanning in the embodiment of the invention is higher than 25dB, and the antenna has good working performance.
Simulation experiment 3, simulation is performed on the gain of theta from 0 degree to 60 degrees when phi=0 degree, and the result is that the gain is stable in the working frequency band as shown in fig. 8 (a) -8 (d).
Simulation experiment 4, simulation is performed on the gain of theta from 0 degree to 60 degrees when phi=90 degrees, and the result is that the gain is stable in the working frequency band as shown in fig. 9 (a) -9 (d).
As can be seen from the results of the simulation experiments, the working frequency band of the invention is 0.8GHz-4GHz, and the working performance of each frequency point is good, thus the invention can be widely applied to the communication field
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The dual-polarized curve tight coupling phased array antenna for wide angle scanning comprises a wide angle matching layer, an antenna radiation structure, two feed structures, a wave absorbing structure, a metal floor and two coaxial lines, wherein the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the antenna radiation structure are respectively connected with the wide angle matching layer and the wave absorbing structure through insulators, the coaxial lines are positioned on the metal floor and connected to the feed structures, the metal floor is positioned below the wave absorbing structure, and the whole feed structure vertically penetrates through the wave absorbing structure and is connected with the antenna radiation structure;
The antenna radiation structure comprises four upper-layer radiation patches and a lower-layer dielectric plate, wherein the upper-layer radiation patches are positioned on the upper side face of the lower-layer dielectric plate, the four upper-layer radiation patches are arranged in a circular array by taking the lower-layer dielectric plate as the center, the adjacent side faces of the four upper-layer radiation patches are in a curve form, the side faces in the curve form are not contacted with each other, the lower-layer dielectric plate is provided with a strip-shaped hole for a feed structure to pass through, and the feed structure is connected with the upper-layer radiation patches;
The patch comprises four upper-layer radiation patches, wherein the outer layer of the patch is square, the notch of the inner layer of the patch and the patch are concentric squares, and the edges of the two squares are parallel;
The wave absorbing structure comprises a resistive structure, an upper layer metal patch and a lower layer medium substrate, wherein the middle of the whole upper layer metal patch is a cross-shaped patch, convex branches and concave branches are respectively arranged on four branches of the cross-shaped patch, the resistive structure is uniformly distributed in the middle of the convex branches and the concave branches, a normal octagonal ring is arranged at the center of the cross-shaped patch, the tail ends of the branches are arrows with mutually perpendicular wings, the tail end arrows of the branches are outwards, the four corners of the normal octagonal ring are connected with the four branches of the cross-shaped patch, the cross-shaped patch is clung to the surface of the lower layer medium substrate, and holes for the feed structure to pass through are formed in the lower layer medium substrate.
2. A dual polarized curved close coupled phased array antenna for wide angle scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the four corners of paster all are connected with a first rectangle paster, the side that the paster was kept away from to first rectangle paster is provided with the second rectangle paster, feed structure is connected to the second rectangle paster.
3. A dual polarized curved close coupled phased array antenna for wide angle scanning as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the feeding structure comprises an intermediate medium substrate, a feeding microstrip patch and a back bottom plate patch, wherein the feeding microstrip patch and the back bottom plate patch are paved on the front side and the back side of the intermediate medium substrate, the feeding microstrip patch is a curve gradual change patch with the upper part narrow and the lower part wide, the side surfaces of the two ends above the back bottom plate patch are arc-shaped, the root part of the back bottom plate patch is rectangular, the back bottom plate patch is connected with an outer conductor and a second rectangular patch of a coaxial line, and the feeding microstrip patch is connected with an inner conductor and an upper radiation patch of the coaxial line.
4. A dual polarized curved close coupled phased array antenna for wide angle scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the wide-angle matching layer is specifically a single-layer dielectric substrate with a square top view.
CN202410052296.5A 2024-01-12 2024-01-12 Dual-polarized curve tight coupling phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning Active CN117832878B (en)

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