CN109888488B - The low scattering ultra wide band phased array of low section based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device - Google Patents
The low scattering ultra wide band phased array of low section based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low scattering ultra wide band phased arrays of low section based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device, this it the scanning of face ± 60 ° E and the scanning of face ± 60 ° H are realized in the broadband of 6-18GHz, section height is only the 0.42 of high frequency (18GHz) wavelength.The polarization grid of radiation patch unit back up can effectively improve the cross polarization of antenna, the polarization selectivity wave absorbing device of load is not under the premise of influencing antenna itself radiance simultaneously, the cross polarization RCS for reducing antenna itself significantly within the scope of the full range frequency of Antenna Operation frequency also has good assimilation effect for the cross polarization electromagnetic wave of large angle incidence.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna works technical fields, in particular to low section, the phased day of low scattering ultra wide bandwidth angle sweep
Linear array system, it is specifically a kind of based on strong mutual coupling effect, it is loaded with polarization selectivity wave absorbing device (Polarization
Sensitive Metamaterial Absorber, PSMA), section is lower, and scattering properties is good, is able to achieve ultra wide band
The phased array of large-angle scanning.Especially suitable for requiring antenna Stealth Fighter good and there is low section characteristic, and it is able to achieve
The platform of ultra wide bandwidth angle sweep.
Background technique
With the increasingly development of IT-based warfare, the especially made rapid progress of the radar exploration technique, stealth technology is in the modern times
Occupy increasingly consequence in electronic warfare.Radar cross section (Radar Cross Section), referred to as RCS is
Measure the important indicator of detected target Stealth Fighter.The size of radar cross section directly determines the stealthy of detected target
Performance, strong scattering source one of of the antenna as carrier platform, has tremendous influence to its RCS.And antenna is as active target,
Must assure that when carrying out stealthy processing to it its can normally transceiving electromagnetic wave, therefore conventional stealthy means can not be direct
Act on antenna.Traditional wideband phased array due to not considering the mutual coupling between unit when designing array element, organize after battle array compared with
Phased array bandwidth of operation is influenced in big degree.Moreover, the phased array element of tradition with broadband character is generally all with larger
Laterally or longitudinally size.Lateral dimension is too big, then influences the wideband wide scan characteristic of phased array；Longitudinal size is too big,
The realization for being then not suitable for planar structure, is not easy to conformal.
Wideband phased array based on strong mutual coupling effect is a kind of new concept phased array antenna proposed in the world in recent years, phase
Compared with traditional phased array, this compact arranged novel phased array antenna of unit is more suitable for miniaturization and wideband wide scan
The design of characteristic.2003, " broadband was phased in 6512487 patent of U.S. Patent number by the B.Munk professor of Ohio State University
It is put forward for the first time in battle array and the relevant technologies " (Wideband Phased Array Antenna and Associated Methods)
This novel wideband phased array.Its main feature is that reinforcing coupling by decreased distance, directly being imitated using the strong mutual coupling between unit
Continuous current should be formed, limitation of the mutual coupling effect to the beamwidth of antenna and scan angle is overcome.By in recent years research shows that: it is strong mutually
Coupling wideband phased array antenna have extraordinary ultrabroad band characteristic, more traditional broader grating-lobe-free scan angle of phased array antenna,
In addition, it also has a low section, and whole is in planar structure, be easy to realize with carriers such as aircraft it is conformal, to the whole gas of carrier
The features such as dynamic performance influences very little.Higher, two-dimensional scanning effect that there is antenna sections however this strong mutual coupling phased array remains unchanged
The disadvantages of poor.The team is not also studied or is controlled to antenna scattering characteristic simultaneously, therefore antenna itself does not have
There is low RCS characteristic.
Meta Materials are a kind of materials of its structure composition of engineer, their property derived from its accurate geometry with
And size, micro-structure therein, size scale are less than the wavelength that it is acted on.Landy is on the basis of Meta Materials within 2008
Propose a kind of absorbing meta-material, when electromagnetic wave incident is to absorbing meta-material, due to its electromagnetic wave is neither reflected it is also impermeable
The effect penetrated, this material show to fully absorb characteristic.Absorbing meta-material is due to its perfect electromagnetic wave absorption performance performance
The stealthing design of antenna opens new thinking.
In the patent " based on the low RCS microstrip antenna for fully absorbing device " of Chinese Patent Application No. 201110321595.7
In, it proposes a kind of microwave absorbing property based on absorbing meta-material and the microstrip antenna designed, is loaded on microstrip antenna floor
After absorbing meta-material, microstrip antenna RCS can be made to reduce 8-15dB.But due to this microstrip antenna designs itself belong to it is narrow
Band structure, its own working frequency range be not wide, it is difficult to meet ultra wide band characteristic required by modern radar system, and also be difficult to reality
The large-angle scanning performance of existing phased array.Meanwhile the absorbing meta-material of the Patent design is made of metal ring, working frequency range compared with
It is narrow, it can not be applied on the antenna form with ultra wide band characteristic.
In order to advanced optimize the radiance of close coupling antenna array and control its scattering property, some improvement
The close coupling antenna array of form is suggested.The patent that Chinese Patent Application No. is 201710509295.9 " is based on polarization conversion material
The strong mutual coupling phased array antenna of the low RCS ultra wide bandwidth angle sweep of the low section of material " places tool above the floor of close coupling antenna array
There are the Meta Materials of polarization rotation effect to reduce the RCS of antenna, has the effect of certain.But the structure is in order to not influence antenna
Radiance, the RCS reduction being only applicable to outside antenna operating band.
Stefan Varault is in 2017 in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Periodical has delivered an entitled " RCS Reduction with a Dual polarized self-Complementary
Connected Array Antenna " article.This article proposes a kind of circuit of dual polarization checkerboard self-complementary antenna
Model, using the reflection coefficient of the circuit model rapid Optimum array element, final design goes out the low scattering of a realization ultra wide band
The phased array of characteristic.But this article only considered the schema entry scattering of antenna, not to antenna when optimizing the scattering of antenna
Structure item scattering have specific analysis.Furthermore designer is not that this Antenna Design goes out suitable feed structure, is only considered
Antenna radiation characteristics ideally.Therefore the Project Realization of this antenna is still a major challenge.
Application No. is 201810200308.9 Chinese patent, " the low scattering close coupling ultra wide band of modified low section is phased
In battle array ", the mentality of designing of radiation and scattering balance when proposing a kind of design of phased array antenna, but assessing its scattering properties
When, mono- static RCS when same polarization wave vertical incidence is only contemplated, there is no RCS when being directed to cross polarization wave incidence to contract
Subtract, while also not providing the reduction effect of RCS when electromagnetic wave wide-angle oblique incidence.
Application No. is 201811565247.2 Chinese patent " it is a kind of based on resistive Meta Materials load low RCS ultra-wide
In the connected elongated slot antenna array of band ", propose that load is in the resistive patch of periodic arrangement on the long slot antenna that is connected of close coupling.It should
Resistive patch constitutes the electromagnetism Meta Materials with frequency selectivity, in the case where having substantially no effect on antenna radiation performance, in day
The RCS reduction of broadband and wide-angle is realized outside line working band.But this patent does not carry out the RCS in antenna operating band
Reduction.
Based on use above demand, the present invention proposes a kind of low scattering ultra-wide of low section of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device load
Band phased array, RCS decrement when realizing cross-polarized electromagnetic wave incident in the working band of antenna, while having evaluated not
Reduce effect with the RCS under angle when electromagnetic wave oblique incidence.
Summary of the invention
Under above-mentioned background of invention, the present invention proposes one kind in theoretical basis of the Munk about close coupling antenna array
Polarization selectivity wave absorbing device (PSMA), the novel low strong mutual coupling phased array antenna of scattering ultra wide band are loaded above radiation fin.?
Face ± 60 ° E are realized in 6-18GHz frequency range, wideband wide scan performance of the standing-wave ratio less than 3, day are scanned in face ± 60 ° H
Total section height of line (including wide angle impedance matching layer) is only 0.42 high frequency (18GHz) wavelength.And by wide angle impedance
The resistive patch that multilayer is in periodic arrangement is placed between layer, constitutes loaded type wave absorbing device, which is having substantially no effect on day
In the case where beta radiation performance, the RCS that incidence wave is cross polarization electromagnetic wave can be reduced significantly in antenna operating band.
Technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows: using and is printed on the strong mutual coupling dipole of dielectric layer as the radiation of antenna
Unit reinforces end coupling in dipole radiating element back up rectangular patch.The dielectric layer and gold of dipole radiating element
It is supported between possession using medium substrate, hole is got through on medium substrate, reduced effective dielectric constant, surface wave is caused
Scanning blind spot remove working band.Meanwhile antenna uses unbalanced feed structure, and dipole arm both ends metallization VIA is connect
Ground, so that the common mode resonance as caused by unbalanced feed moves away from out antenna operating band range.Add above dipole radiating element
Two slice width angle matching layers are carried, bring antenna radiation impedance changes when compensating phase-array scanning, improves the width of strong mutual coupling phased array
Angle sweep ability.In order to improve the scattering property of antenna in the top of antenna load wave absorbing device, and do not increase section height, will be in
The resistive patch of periodic arrangement is placed between wide angle matching layer, common with the polarization grid that are printed on the dipole radiating element back side
Constitute wave absorbing device.Entire aerial array is made of the periodic structure of above-mentioned antenna element, therefore, antenna unit structure of the invention
It include: the unbalanced feed structure (1) of antenna；For inhibiting the short circuit metal column (2) of common mode resonance；With certain thickness gold
Possession plate (3)；It is used to support the medium substrate (4) of antenna structure；Dipole radiating element (5)；The dipole radiating element back side
Capacitance sheet (6)；It is printed in the polarization grid (7) at the dipole radiating element back side；First slice width angle impedance matching layer (8)；Second
Slice width angle impedance matching layer (9)；First layer has the resistive patch of snakelike shape (10) from coupled capacitor；The resistive patch list of first layer
The parallel capacitance of first end load hinders piece (11)；The resistive patch of the second layer (12).
Innovation of the invention is: the wave absorbing device of polarization selectivity is loaded with above close coupling antenna element,
While reducing antenna scattering, the radiance of antenna is had substantially no effect on, guarantees the low section characteristic of antenna.Wave absorbing device is by week
Resistive patch, polarization grid and the dielectric layer three parts composition of phase property arrangement.Its dielectric layer is applied not only to constitute wave absorbing device, together
When be also used as wide angle impedance matching layer, bring impedance variations when compensating antenna scanning improve large-angle scanning standing wave, also reduce
Schema entry scattering in antenna operating band.Polarization grid are printed in dipole radiating element with the strip for being orthogonal to radiation patch
The back side.The structure instead of wave absorbing device metal so that the distance between resistive patch and ground reduce.In turn, by metal
Reactance caused by ground is mutually gentler than before with the variation tendency of frequency, conducive to impedance matching is realized in broadband.In addition to upper
Function is stated, polarization grid can also reduce antenna in the cross polarization of low frequency；The polarization grid of printing overleaf being capable of reflector dipole
The cross polar component of unit backward radiation, and since polarization the distance between grid and dipole are relatively closely only 0.03 high frequency
(18GH) wavelength, cross polar component and the forward radiation of reflection are inversely added, and cross-polarized radiation beam is cancelled out each other.Week
The resistive patch of phase property is not simple strip；But slightly change on the basis of strip, it is tortuous snakelike using wriggling.
The shape is produced from coupled capacitor, compensates the inductance due to caused by metal ground, the more conducively resistance between wave absorbing device and free space
Anti- matching.The end of the periodically resistive chip unit of first layer is added to the coupling that parallel capacitor chip architecture is come between enhancement unit
Close, the method improve wave absorbing device low frequency absorption efficiency, and then be effectively reduced antenna structure item scattering.
In conclusion usefulness of the present invention is: proposing a kind of low cuing open based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device
The low scattering ultra wide band phased array in face.It realizes the face E and face ± 60 ° H scanning standing-wave ratio less than 3, simultaneously in 6-18GHz frequency band
Under the premise of not influencing antenna itself radiance, when can reduce normal incidence significantly within the scope of Antenna Operation Whole frequency band
Cross-polarized RCS.And the scattering of antenna can be greatly lowered in the wave absorbing device in X-band polarizers of big angle scope.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the low scattering ultra wide band phased array of low section loaded based on polarization selectivity wave absorbing device.
Aerial array shown in the figure is 7 × 14 sizes.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of a cycle unit in Fig. 1, the low section of the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device described in Fig. 1
Low scattering ultra wide band phased array includes a series of this structures in periodic arrangement.Each such periodic unit is equal
Include following part: the unbalanced feed structure (1) of antenna；For inhibiting the short circuit metal column (2) of common mode resonance；With certain
The metal floor (3) of thickness；It is used to support the medium substrate (4) of antenna structure；Dipole radiating element (5)；It is printed in dipole
The polarization grid (7) at the sub- radiating element back side；Wide angle impedance matching layer (8) (9)；In the resistive patch (10) (11) of periodic arrangement
(12)。
Fig. 3 is standing-wave ratio of the antenna element in 6-18GHz frequency band when H Surface scan in specific embodiment 1.It can by figure
See, the low scattering ultra wide band phased array of low section based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device that example 1 is developed is in 6-18GHz
Standing-wave ratio in frequency band when the 0-60 ° of scanning in the face H is less than 3.0.
Fig. 4 is standing-wave ratio of the antenna element in 6-18GHz frequency band when E Surface scan in specific embodiment 1.It can by figure
See, the low scattering ultra wide band phased array of low section based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device that example 1 is developed is in 6-18GHz
Standing-wave ratio in frequency band when the 0-60 ° of scanning in the face E is less than 3.0.
Fig. 5 is to load polarization selectivity wave absorbing device above 2 aerial radiation patch of specific embodiment and do not implement above-mentioned side
Method, 6-18GHz Whole frequency band internal antenna cell side main polarization and cross polarization comparison diagram when penetrating.It can be seen that in implementation by the figure
After stating method, full frequency band gain substantially with not implement the above method almost the same, cross polarization mutually reduce than before 10dB with
On.It illustrates to implement the above method, the main polarization gain of antenna is had substantially no effect on, cross polarization is greatly improved.
Fig. 6 is mono- static RCS result figure of the specific embodiment 2 in cross polarization wave vertical incidence, while being also given
With embodiment 2 be not loaded with the mono- static RCS result figure of cross polarization wave vertical incidence in the case where polarization selectivity wave absorbing device into
Row compares.As it can be seen that example 2 in Whole frequency band there is significant RCS to reduce effect in cross polarization wave vertical incidence.
Fig. 7 is specific embodiment 2 when side is penetrated, the radiation efficiency of antenna.As seen from the figure, in the Whole frequency band of Antenna Operation
Its radiation efficiency is all 97% or more in 92% or more, 6GHz-17GHz radiation efficiency.
Fig. 8 is specific embodiment 2 before and after loading Polarization selection wave absorbing device, and cross polarization wave is respectively from 60 degree of the face E and the face H
Mono- static RCS result figure when the oblique incidence of angle.As it can be seen that 2 antenna operating band of example has in cross polarization wave wide-angle oblique incidence
Significant RCS reduces effect.
When Fig. 9 is specific embodiment 2, before and after loading Polarization selection wave absorbing device, 12GHz cross polarization wave is respectively from the face E
With the mono- static RCS result figure of antenna when the different angle incidence of the face H.As seen from the figure, example 2 has preferable dissipate in polarizers of big angle scope
Penetrate characteristic.
When Figure 10 is specific embodiment 1, operating frequency of antenna 12GHz, in the radiation that side is penetrated, scan angle is 30 °, 60 °
Directional diagram.As seen from the figure, which penetrates in side and has stable beam position in different scanning angle, radiativity when scanning
It can be good.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 2, the periodic structure that embodiment 1 is printed with close-packed arrays idol unit by one layer is constituted, using the period
Emulation of the boundary condition imitation present invention under infinitely great array environment.Antenna unit structure of the invention is described as follows: antenna
Unbalanced feed structure (1)；For inhibiting the short circuit metal column (2) of common mode resonance；With certain thickness metal floor
(3)；It is used to support the medium substrate (4) of antenna structure；Dipole radiating element (5)；The capacitance sheet at the doublet unit back side
(6)；It is printed in the polarization grid (7) at the radiating element back side；First slice width angle impedance matching layer (8)；Second slice width angle impedance matching
Layer (9)；First layer has the resistive patch of snakelike shape (10) from coupled capacitor；The resistive chip unit end load of first layer is put down
Row capacitor hinders piece (11)；The resistive patch of the second layer (12).
Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 gives standing wave ratio characteristic and radiation characteristic of the embodiment Unit 1 in scanning.Wherein from Fig. 3 and figure
4 as it can be seen that the wideband phased array of the present embodiment 1 at least has 3: 1 impedance bandwidth, realizes the two dimension within the scope of 6-186Hz
Large-angle scanning.From figure 5 it can be seen that above aerial radiation patch after load wave absorbing device, full frequency band gain substantially than not implementing on
It states that method is essentially identical, illustrates that the load of the resistive material acts on the radiance of antenna without apparent deterioration.And it loads
After wave absorbing device, the cross polarization of antenna is greatly improved.
Figure 10 gives the antenna pattern of example 1, from fig. 10 it can be seen that in the aerial array different scanning angle all
With stable beam position, radiance when illustrating scanning is good.
Embodiment 2
Specifically.Each antenna element (as shown in Figure 2) is each extended over along front two-dimensional directional, that is, may make up Fig. 1
In 7 × 14 polarization selectivity wave absorbing device load the low scattering ultra wide band phased array of low section.In other structures and embodiment 1
As, just it will not go into details here.
In view of existing simulation hardware facility condition, array antenna itself RCS is using in Electromagnetic Simulation in the present embodiment 1
For the unit analytic approach of phased array antenna RCS, the simulation unit under periodic boundary condition.Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 gives specific reality
It applies example 2 and embodiment 2 is not loaded with mono- static RCS comparative result figure in the case of wave absorbing device in different angle incidence, it is seen then that this
The phased array that embodiment 2 is developed has good low RCS characteristic.
In this embodiment, array is 10 × 10 faces battle array of periodic unit composition as shown in Figure 2.Based on described in Fig. 2
Antenna element can expand infinitely great array environment to arbitrarily meeting actual limited big array according to practical application request
Lower use.
Multiple embodiments of the invention already described above, it should be appreciated that they are only suggested with a kind of exemplary forms,
Property that there is no restriction.Therefore, it can make without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention in diversified forms and in details
Change, this is it will be apparent that without creative work for those familiar with the art.It is above-mentioned these all should be by
It is considered as coverage of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. it includes: the non-equilibrium of antenna based on the low scattering ultra wide band phased array of low section of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device load
Feed structure (1)；Two short circuit metal columns (2)；With certain thickness metal floor (3)；It is used for above metal floor
The medium substrate (4) of support；It is printed on the dipole radiating element of the strong capacitive coupled structure of Supporting Media upper surface of base plate
(5), described two short circuit metal columns are respectively arranged at the left and right arms of dipole radiating element；It is printed in dipole radiating element back
The capacitance sheet (6) in face；It is printed in the polarization grid (7) at the dipole radiating element back side；First above Supporting Media substrate
Slice width angle impedance matching layer (8)；The second slice width angle impedance matching layer (9) above the first slice width angle impedance matching layer；It puts
The first layer being placed between the first slice width angle impedance matching layer and the second slice width angle impedance matching layer has the snake from coupled capacitor
The resistive patch of shape (10)；The resistive patch of parallel capacitance (11) of the snakelike resistive chip unit end load of shape；It is placed in second
The resistive patch of the second layer (12) of slice width angle impedance matching layer upper surface；The polarization selectivity wave absorbing device of load by: multilayer is resistive
Patch (10) (11) (12), first layer and the second slice width angle impedance matching layer (8) (9) and polarization grid (7) three parts are constituted.
2. the low section low scattering ultra wide band phased array according to claim 1 based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device,
It is characterized in that the resistive patch of multilayer is placed between wide angle impedance matching layer；It is inhaled so that being loaded above close coupling antenna element
While wave device, reduction antenna scattering, guarantee the low section characteristic of antenna.
3. the low section low scattering ultra wide band phased array according to claim 1 based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device,
It is further characterized in that being loaded with polarization selectivity wave absorbing device above the dipole radiating element of antenna；The wave absorbing device can not only be
The interior electro-magnetic wave absorption by normal incidence of the Whole frequency band of Antenna Operation, and it is insensitive to the incident angle of electromagnetic wave, it can be in wideband
Band polarizers of big angle scope reduces Antenna/RCS significantly；And the wave absorbing device loaded, the characteristic with Polarization selection, guarantee that antenna has
Higher radiation efficiency.
4. the low section low scattering ultra wide band phased array according to claim 1 based on the load of polarization selectivity wave absorbing device,
It is further characterized in that: be printed in the polarization grid at the dipole radiating element back side principle is offseted by reflection can be in Antenna Operation frequency
Cross polarization is greatly lowered in band.
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| CN111326855B (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2022-04-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | FSS structure-based ultra-wide angle scanning octagonal patch antenna |
| CN111900548B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-06-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband low-scattering metamaterial based on combination of wave-absorbing material and super surface |
| CN111900549B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-06-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-transparency diffuse reflection super surface based on regular hexagon distributed ring grid |
| CN112086756B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-07-05 | 重庆大学 | Integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device and antenna array multi-state mutual coupling suppression method |
| CN112234359B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-06-24 | 南京理工大学 | Reflection/absorption surface for terminating filter circuit to control electrical characteristics and design method |
| CN112234365B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-05-14 | 电子科技大学 | Chessboard type low-scattering low-profile strong-cross-coupling broadband planar phased array |
| CN115441200A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-12-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Super surface unit and design method thereof |
| CN113690628B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2022-08-02 | 电子科技大学 | Low-scattering ultra-wideband strong-coupling phased array antenna based on novel electromagnetic metamaterial |
| CN114156627B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-02-10 | 电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband low-profile low-scattering curved phased array antenna |
| CN114744419B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-05-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna |
| CN117832878B (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-08-06 | 江苏赛博空间科学技术有限公司 | Dual-polarized curve tight coupling phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning |
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| US7250916B2 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-07-31 | Novatel Inc. | Leaky wave antenna with radiating structure including fractal loops |
| JP2011211420A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-20 | Toshiba Corp | Spiral antenna |
| US9169633B2 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2015-10-27 | Vincent J DiGregory | Foldable transportable structure |
| US9531075B2 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-12-27 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Antenna apparatus and communication system |
| CN108493625B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2019-09-20 | 电子科技大学 | The low scattering close coupling ultra wide band phased array of modified low section |
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| CN109659708B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-08-30 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of connected elongated slot antenna array of low RCS ultra wide band based on the load of resistive Meta Materials |
| CN109509986A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-22 | 厦门大学 | Graphene Terahertz multifrequency wave absorbing device based on metal spiral micro-structure |
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