CN114744419B - Orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna - Google Patents
Orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114744419B CN114744419B CN202210249475.9A CN202210249475A CN114744419B CN 114744419 B CN114744419 B CN 114744419B CN 202210249475 A CN202210249475 A CN 202210249475A CN 114744419 B CN114744419 B CN 114744419B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, which comprises a metal floor, a frequency selective absorption surface, a plurality of metal slot radiating fins, a plurality of coaxial cables and a plurality of resistive surfaces, wherein the metal floor is arranged on the metal floor; the first ends of the plurality of metal slot radiating fins are vertically arranged on the metal floor, and the second ends of the plurality of metal slot radiating fins are vertically arranged on the frequency selective absorption surface; the plurality of resistive surfaces are respectively arranged at the joint of the metal slot radiating sheets, and the plurality of coaxial cables are respectively arranged inside the corresponding metal slot radiating sheets. The invention aims at the problems of large active standing wave and scanning blind area in wide-angle scanning of a broadband orthogonal polarization phased array antenna, loads a frequency selective absorption surface, realizes the orthogonal polarization phased array antenna with 3:1 broadband coverage and + -60-degree wide-angle scanning, and solves the technical problems of low scanning performance and scanning blind area of the existing phased array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an orthogonal polarization wide-bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna.
Background
Phased array antennas are widely used in the fields of radar, electronic countermeasure, and communication due to their unique beam steering capabilities. Phased array antennas with wide angle and wide band scanning capability are key products for ensuring high-performance operation of related systems, and are also hot spot problems in the field of phased array antennas.
However, the interaction between conventional phased array antenna array elements changes the current amplitude and phase distribution across the elements, causing the elements to exhibit different impedance and radiation characteristics than in isolation, thereby affecting phased array scan performance. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of large-angle scanning, the conventional phased array antenna is generally miniaturized in design, the cell spacing is far smaller than half wavelength of the center frequency, the influence among cells is large, and the characteristic enables the active standing wave to generate peak values in certain frequency bands and to generate scanning blind areas when the phased array antenna scans in a broadband and a wide angle.
Therefore, how to improve the performance of phased array antennas is a technical problem that needs to be solved.
The foregoing is provided merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to represent an admission that the foregoing is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an orthogonal polarization wide-bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, and aims to solve the technical problems of low scanning performance and scanning blind areas of the existing phased array antenna.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, which includes a metal floor, a frequency selective absorption surface, a plurality of metal slot radiating patches, a plurality of coaxial cables, and a plurality of resistive surfaces; wherein:
the first ends of the plurality of metal slot radiating fins are vertically arranged on the metal floor, and the second ends of the plurality of metal slot radiating fins are vertically arranged on the frequency selective absorption surface;
the plurality of the resistive surfaces are respectively arranged at the joint of the metal slot radiating sheets, and the plurality of coaxial cables are respectively arranged inside the corresponding metal slot radiating sheets.
Optionally, the metal slot radiating fin has a double-arm structure, a first arm of the metal slot radiating fin is connected with an inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and a second arm of the metal slot radiating fin is connected with an outer conductor of the coaxial cable.
Optionally, the metal slot radiating sheets have 4 sheets, and two adjacent metal slot radiating sheets are vertically arranged on the metal floor at 45 degrees.
Optionally, the metal floor is provided with a rectangular mounting groove, and the metal slot radiation sheet is arranged in the rectangular mounting groove.
Optionally, the frequency selective absorption surface includes a dielectric substrate and a rectangular resonant circuit disposed on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
Optionally, the rectangular resonant circuit comprises a rectangular metal ring, a parallel branch control structure and a loading material; the parallel branch control structure is arranged inside the rectangular metal ring, and the loading material is arranged on the surfaces of the rectangular metal ring and the parallel branch control structure.
Optionally, the rectangular metal ring has a side length of (0.09-0.1λ 0 )×(0.09～0.1λ 0 ) The width of the rectangular metal ring is 0.008-0.01lambda 0 The long side dimension of the parallel branch control structure is 0.03-0.04 lambda 0 The short side size is 0.01-0.02lambda 0 。
Optionally, the loading material comprises a resistive material loaded on the rectangular resonant circuit and inductive and capacitive materials loaded on the parallel arm control structure; wherein, the resistive material R=50 to 100 Ω, the inductive material L=2 to 10nH, and the capacitive material C=0.1 to 0.5pF.
Optionally, the thickness of the metal slot radiation piece is 0.05λ 0 ～0.1λ 0 。
Optionally, the resistive surface is embedded in the metal slot radiating patch arrangement.
The invention provides an orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, which has the following obvious advantages compared with the traditional phased array antenna:
(1) The system can work at a bandwidth of 3:1, can realize orthogonal dual polarization and can realize + -60-degree airspace scanning.
(2) The resistive surface employed is used to shrink the antenna element size to achieve a wider scan angle.
(3) The frequency selective absorption surface can effectively solve the problems that the active standing wave is generated by scanning the line width angle of the phased array antenna at certain frequency points, and scanning blind areas appear.
(4) The loaded frequency selective absorption surface does not exceed the antenna port surface, and the antenna section height is not increased.
(5) The loaded frequency selective absorption surface realizes energy absorption through the resistive branch in the frequency band with high active standing wave, improves port impedance matching, and reduces reflection standing wave. In the frequency band with low active standing wave, the absorption quantity of the frequency selective absorption surface is reduced by controlling the branch, so that the stability of the antenna gain is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of an orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top surface pattern of a dielectric substrate on a frequency selective absorption surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a bottom surface pattern of a dielectric substrate on a frequency selective absorption surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of operation of the frequency selective absorption surface of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the effect of suppressing the active standing waves of the orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna;
FIG. 7 is a planar array of 10×10 elements of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a gain diagram of an antenna array;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array pattern simulation;
fig. 10 is a diagram showing the comparison of 60 ° scan patterns of an antenna before and after loading a frequency selective absorption surface at a peak frequency point of a standing wave.
Reference numerals illustrate:
the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicators are changed accordingly.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary that the technical solutions are based on the fact that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the technical solutions should be considered that the combination does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the invention.
Phased array antennas are widely used in the fields of radar, electronic countermeasure, and communication due to their unique beam steering capabilities. Phased array antennas with wide angle and wide band scanning capability are key products for ensuring high-performance operation of related systems, and are also hot spot problems in the field of phased array antennas.
However, the interaction between conventional phased array antenna array elements changes the current amplitude and phase distribution across the elements, causing the elements to exhibit different impedance and radiation characteristics than in isolation, thereby affecting phased array scan performance. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of large-angle scanning, the conventional phased array antenna is generally miniaturized in design, the cell spacing is far smaller than half wavelength of the center frequency, the influence among cells is large, and the characteristic enables the active standing wave to generate peak values in certain frequency bands and to generate scanning blind areas when the phased array antenna scans in a broadband and a wide angle.
To solve this problem, various embodiments of an orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna of the present invention are presented. The invention provides an orthogonal polarization wide-bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, which comprises a metal floor, a frequency selective absorption surface, a plurality of metal slot radiating fins, a plurality of coaxial cables and a plurality of resistive surfaces, wherein the metal floor is arranged on the surface of the phased array antenna; the first ends of the plurality of metal slot radiating fins are vertically arranged on the metal floor, and the second ends of the plurality of metal slot radiating fins are vertically arranged on the frequency selective absorption surface; the plurality of resistive surfaces are respectively arranged at the joint of the metal slot radiating sheets, and the plurality of coaxial cables are respectively arranged inside the corresponding metal slot radiating sheets. The invention aims at the problems of large active standing wave and scanning blind area in wide-angle scanning of a broadband orthogonal polarization phased array antenna, loads a frequency selective absorption surface, realizes the orthogonal polarization phased array antenna with 3:1 broadband coverage and + -60-degree wide-angle scanning, and solves the technical problems of low scanning performance and scanning blind area of the existing phased array antenna.
Referring to fig. 1-2, fig. 1-2 are schematic diagrams of an orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The present embodiment provides an orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna comprising metallic slot radiating patches 1 and coaxial feed cable 4 arranged at + -45 deg., a resistive surface 2 loaded between the metallic slot radiating patches and a metallic floor 5 perpendicular to the metallic slot radiating patches 1, a frequency selective absorbing surface 3 loaded between the grids formed by the metallic slot radiating patches 1. One arm of the metal slot radiating sheet 1 is connected with the coaxial line inner conductor, the other arm is connected with the coaxial line outer conductor, the resistive surface 2 is arranged at the joint of the four metal slot radiating sheets 1, and the frequency selective absorption surface 3 is vertically arranged with the metal slot radiating sheets 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the metal slot radiating patch 1 and the coaxial feed cable 4 comprise two different polarization directions, each mounted at ±45° on the metal floor 5. Rectangular mounting grooves are provided on the metal floor 5 to mount the metal slot radiation sheets 1. The thickness of the metal slot radiation piece 1 is 0.05-0.1lambda 0 Preferably 0.06 lambda 0 。
In a preferred embodiment, the resistive surface 2 is embedded in a metal slot radiator 1.
It should be noted that, the frequency selective absorption surface 3 is disposed perpendicular to the metal slot radiation sheet 1, and the control of the loss frequency band is implemented by using a loading material with r=50 to 100 Ω, l=2 to 10nH, and c=0.1 to 0.5pF. The frequency selective absorption surface 3 is not raised above the antenna aperture face. As shown in fig. 3-4, the frequency selective absorption surface 3 comprises rectangular resonant circuits printed on the upper and lower sides (or on one side) of the dielectric substrate 6, and the two sides of the resonant circuits may be different in pattern and size. There is no contact between the two rectangular resonant circuits.
The rectangular resonant circuit consists of a rectangular metal ring 8, a parallel branch control structure 9 and a loading material 7. The rectangular metal ring 8 has a side length of (0.09-0.1λ) 0 )×(0.09～0.1λ 0 ) The 8 width of the rectangular metal ring is 0.008-0.01lambda 0 The long side dimension of the parallel branch control structure 9 is 0.03-0.04 lambda 0 The short side size is 0.01-0.02lambda 0 。
In particular, the frequency selective absorption surface operates on the principle shown in figure 5,
in addition, the rectangular resonant circuit is loaded with resistive material, and the parallel branch control structure is loaded with inductive material and capacitive material, wherein R=50-100deg.C, L=2-10nH, and C=0.1-0.5 pF.
In a specific implementation process, as shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment can achieve a typical 60 ° scanning active standing wave suppression effect, and after loading the frequency selective absorption surface, the active standing wave of the antenna is reduced from 15 to below 4, so that ±60° wide-angle scanning can be achieved.
In another embodiment, an area array of 10×10 element antenna elements is provided, and the simulation model is shown in fig. 7. Typical array element spacing is 27mm, the frequency selective absorption surface unit size is 7mm, and the antenna array section height is 70mm. The simulation results of the antenna array gain and the pattern are shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9. At the same time, a 60 scan pattern comparison before and after loading the frequency selective absorption surface at the peak frequency point of the standing wave is given, as shown in fig. 10.
In this embodiment, an orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna is provided, compared with a traditional phased array antenna, the antenna can work at a bandwidth of 3:1, orthogonal dual polarization can be achieved, + -60-degree airspace scanning can be achieved, the adopted resistive surface is mainly used for reducing the size of an antenna unit so as to achieve a wider scanning angle, the proposed frequency selective absorption surface can effectively solve the problems that a peak value is generated at certain frequency points in phased array antenna wide angle scanning active standing waves and scanning blind areas occur, the loaded frequency selective absorption surface does not exceed the antenna port surface, the section height of the antenna is not increased, the loaded frequency selective absorption surface achieves energy absorption at the frequency band with high active standing waves through resistive branches, port impedance matching is improved, and reflection standing waves are reduced. In the frequency band with low active standing wave, the absorption quantity of the frequency selective absorption surface is reduced by controlling the branch, so that the stability of the antenna gain is ensured. The technical problems of low scanning performance and scanning blind area of the existing phased array antenna are solved.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalent structure or equivalent flow scheme disclosed in the specification and drawings, or any other related art, directly or indirectly, as desired.
Claims (5)
1. An orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, characterized in that the orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna comprises a metal floor, a frequency selective absorption surface, a plurality of metal slot radiating patches, a plurality of coaxial cables and a plurality of resistive surfaces; wherein:
the first ends of the plurality of metal slot radiating fins are vertically arranged on the metal floor, and the second ends of the plurality of metal slot radiating fins are vertically arranged on the frequency selective absorption surface;
the plurality of the resistive surfaces are respectively arranged at the joint of the metal slot radiating sheets, and the plurality of coaxial cables are respectively arranged in the corresponding metal slot radiating sheets;
the metal slot radiating piece is of a double-arm structure, a first arm of the metal slot radiating piece is connected with an inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and a second arm of the metal slot radiating piece is connected with an outer conductor of the coaxial cable;
the metal slot radiating sheets are 4, and two adjacent metal slot radiating sheets are vertically arranged on the metal floor at 45 degrees;
the frequency selective absorption surface comprises a dielectric substrate and a rectangular resonant circuit arranged on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the dielectric substrate;
the rectangular resonant circuit comprises a rectangular metal ring, a parallel branch control structure and a loading material; the parallel branch control structure is arranged inside the rectangular metal ring, and the loading material is arranged on the surfaces of the rectangular metal ring and the parallel branch control structure;
the loading material comprises a resistive material loaded on the rectangular resonant circuit and an inductive material and a capacitive material loaded on the parallel branch control structure; wherein, the resistive material R=50 to 100 Ω, the inductive material L=2 to 10nH, and the capacitive material C=0.1 to 0.5pF.
2. The orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the metal floor is provided with a rectangular mounting slot in which a metal slot radiating patch is disposed.
3. The orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angularly scanned phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the rectangular metal loop has a side length of (0.09-0.1 λ 0 )×(0.09～0.1λ 0 ) The width of the rectangular metal ring is 0.008-0.01lambda 0 The long side dimension of the parallel branch control structure is 0.03-0.04 lambda 0 The short side size is 0.01-0.02lambda 0 。
4. The orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metal slot radiating patch is 0.05λ 0 ～0.1λ 0 。
5. The orthogonally polarized wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the resistive surface is embedded in the metal slot radiating patch arrangement.
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| CN202210249475.9A CN114744419B (en) | 2022-03-14 | 2022-03-14 | Orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna |
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| CN202210249475.9A CN114744419B (en) | 2022-03-14 | 2022-03-14 | Orthogonal polarization wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna |
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