CN114744419A - Orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna - Google Patents
Orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114744419A CN114744419A CN202210249475.9A CN202210249475A CN114744419A CN 114744419 A CN114744419 A CN 114744419A CN 202210249475 A CN202210249475 A CN 202210249475A CN 114744419 A CN114744419 A CN 114744419A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses an orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna which comprises a metal floor, a frequency selective absorption surface, a plurality of metal slot radiation pieces, a plurality of coaxial cables and a plurality of resistive surfaces, wherein the metal floor is arranged on the metal floor; the first ends of the plurality of metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged on the metal floor, and the second ends of the plurality of metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged with the frequency selective absorption surface; the plurality of resistive surfaces are respectively arranged at the joint of the metal slot radiation pieces, and the plurality of coaxial cables are respectively arranged inside the corresponding metal slot radiation pieces. The invention aims at the problems of large wide-angle scanning active standing wave and scanning blind area of a broadband orthogonal polarization phased array antenna, loads a frequency selective absorption surface, realizes the orthogonal polarization phased array antenna with 3:1 broadband coverage and +/-60-degree wide-angle scanning, and solves the technical problems of low scanning performance and scanning blind area of the conventional phased array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna.
Background
Phased array antennas are widely used in the fields of radar, electronic countermeasure and communications due to their unique beam steering capabilities. The phased array antenna with wide-angle broadband scanning capability is a key product for ensuring high-performance work of related systems, and is also a hot point problem in the field of phased array antennas.
However, the interaction between elements of a conventional phased array antenna can change the current amplitude and phase distribution on the elements, causing the elements to exhibit different impedance and radiation characteristics from those in an isolated state, thereby affecting the scanning performance of the phased array. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of large-angle scanning, the traditional phased-array antenna is usually designed in a miniaturized mode, the unit distance is far smaller than the half wavelength of the central frequency, the influence among units is large, and the characteristic enables active standing waves to generate peak values in certain frequency bands and scanning blind areas to appear when the phased-array antenna scans in a broadband and wide angle mode.
Therefore, how to improve the performance of the phased array antenna is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
The above is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing phased array antenna is low in scanning performance and has a scanning blind area.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, which includes a metal floor, a frequency selective absorption surface, a plurality of metal slot radiation pieces, a plurality of coaxial cables, and a plurality of resistive surfaces; wherein:
the first ends of the plurality of metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged on the metal floor, and the second ends of the plurality of metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged with the frequency selective absorption surface;
the plurality of resistive surfaces are respectively arranged at the joint of the metal slot radiation pieces, and the plurality of coaxial cables are respectively arranged inside the corresponding metal slot radiation pieces.
Optionally, the metal slot radiating plate is of a double-arm structure, a first arm of the metal slot radiating plate is connected with an inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and a second arm of the metal slot radiating plate is connected with an outer conductor of the coaxial cable.
Optionally, there are 4 metal slot radiation pieces, and two adjacent metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged at 45 ° on the metal floor.
Optionally, a rectangular mounting groove is formed in the metal floor, and the metal slot opening radiation piece is installed in the rectangular mounting groove.
Optionally, the frequency selective absorption surface includes a dielectric substrate and a rectangular resonant circuit disposed on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
Optionally, the rectangular resonant circuit includes a rectangular metal ring, a parallel branch control structure, and a loading material; the parallel branch control structure is arranged inside the rectangular metal ring, and the loading material is arranged on the surfaces of the rectangular metal ring and the parallel branch control structure.
Optionally, the side length of the rectangular metal ring is (0.09-0.1 lambda)0)×(0.09～0.1λ0) The rectangular goldThe width of the metal ring is 0.008-0.01 lambda0The long side dimension of the parallel branch control structure is 0.03-0.04 lambda0The short side size is 0.01-0.02 lambda0。
Optionally, the loading material includes a resistive material loaded on the rectangular resonant circuit, and an inductive material and a capacitive material loaded on the parallel branch control structure; wherein, resistive material R is 50-100 omega, inductive material L is 2-10 nH, and capacitive material C is 0.1-0.5 pF.
Optionally, the thickness of the metal slot radiation sheet is 0.05 λ0～0.1λ0。
Optionally, the resistive surface is embedded in the metal slot radiation sheet.
The invention provides an orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, which has the following obvious advantages compared with the traditional phased array antenna:
(1) the device can work in a bandwidth of 3:1, can realize orthogonal dual polarization, and can realize +/-60-degree spatial scanning.
(2) The resistive surface is used to reduce the antenna element size to achieve a wider scan angle.
(3) The frequency selective absorption surface can effectively solve the problems that the wide-angle scanning active standing wave of the phased array antenna generates peak values at certain frequency points and scanning blind areas occur.
(4) The loaded frequency selective absorption surface does not exceed the antenna aperture surface and does not increase the antenna profile height.
(5) The loaded frequency selective absorption surface realizes energy absorption through the resistive branch node at a frequency band with high active standing waves, improves port impedance matching and reduces reflected standing waves. In the frequency band with low active standing wave, the absorption amount of the frequency selective absorption surface is reduced by controlling the branch node, thereby ensuring the stability of the antenna gain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an orthogonal polarized broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top surface pattern of a dielectric substrate on a frequency selective absorption surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a bottom surface pattern of a dielectric substrate on a frequency selective absorption surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the frequency selective absorption surface of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of suppression effect of the active standing wave scanning of the orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is an area array formed by 10 × 10 element antenna units according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of antenna array gain;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of antenna array pattern simulation;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram comparing 60 ° scanning patterns of the antenna before and after the frequency selective absorption surface is loaded at the peak frequency point of the standing wave.
The reference numbers illustrate:
the implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent, and is not within the protection scope of the invention.
Phased array antennas are widely used in the fields of radar, electronic countermeasure and communications due to their unique beam steering capabilities. The phased array antenna with wide-angle broadband scanning capability is a key product for ensuring high-performance work of a related system, and is also a hot point problem in the field of phased array antennas.
However, the interaction between elements of a conventional phased array antenna can change the current amplitude and phase distribution on the elements, causing the elements to exhibit different impedance and radiation characteristics from those in an isolated state, thereby affecting the phased array scanning performance. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of large-angle scanning, the traditional phased-array antenna is usually designed in a miniaturized mode, the unit distance is far smaller than the half wavelength of the central frequency, the influence among units is large, and the characteristic enables active standing waves to generate peak values in certain frequency bands and scanning blind areas to appear when the phased-array antenna scans in a broadband and wide angle mode.
To address this problem, various embodiments of an orthogonally polarized wideband wide angle scanning phased array antenna of the present invention are presented. The invention provides an orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, which comprises a metal floor, a frequency selective absorption surface, a plurality of metal slot radiation pieces, a plurality of coaxial cables and a plurality of resistive surfaces, wherein the metal floor is provided with a plurality of through holes; the first ends of the plurality of metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged on the metal floor, and the second ends of the plurality of metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged with the frequency selective absorption surface; the plurality of resistive surfaces are respectively arranged at the joint of the metal slot radiation sheet, and the plurality of coaxial cables are respectively arranged inside the corresponding metal slot radiation sheet. The invention aims at the problems of large wide-angle scanning active standing wave and scanning blind area of a broadband orthogonal polarization phased array antenna, loads a frequency selective absorption surface, realizes the orthogonal polarization phased array antenna with 3:1 broadband coverage and +/-60-degree wide-angle scanning, and solves the technical problems of low scanning performance and scanning blind area of the conventional phased array antenna.
Referring to fig. 1-2, fig. 1-2 are schematic diagrams of an orthogonally polarized wideband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment provides an orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna, which comprises metal slot radiating sheets 1 and coaxial feed cables 4 which are arranged in an angle of +/-45 degrees, a resistive surface 2 loaded between the metal slot radiating sheets, a metal floor 5 vertical to the metal slot radiating sheets 1 and a frequency selective absorption surface 3 loaded between grids formed by the metal slot radiating sheets 1. One arm of the metal slot radiation sheet 1 is connected with the coaxial line inner conductor, the other arm of the metal slot radiation sheet 1 is connected with the coaxial line outer conductor, the resistive surface 2 is arranged at the joint of the four metal slot radiation sheets 1, and the frequency selective absorption surface 3 is vertically arranged with the metal slot radiation sheet 1.
In the preferred embodiment, the slot metal radiating plate 1 and the coaxial feed cable 4 have two different polarization directions, and are installed on the metal floor 5 at ± 45 degrees. A rectangular mounting groove is arranged on the metal floor 5, and the metal slot radiation sheet 1 is installed. The thickness of the metal slot opening radiation sheet 1 is 0.05-0.1 lambda0Preferably 0.06 lambda0。
In a preferred embodiment, the resistive surface 2 is embedded in the metal slot radiator plate 1.
The frequency selective absorption surface 3 is perpendicular to the metal slot radiation sheet 1, and the loss band is controlled by using a loading material with R being 50-100 Ω, L being 2-10 nH, and C being 0.1-0.5 pF. The frequency selective absorption surface 3 is not higher than the antenna aperture plane. As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the frequency selective absorption surface 3 includes rectangular resonance circuits printed on the upper and lower surfaces (or on one surface) of the dielectric substrate 6, and the two-surface resonance circuits may have different patterns and sizes. There is no contact between the two rectangular resonant circuits.
The rectangular resonant circuit is composed of a rectangular metal ring 8, a parallel branch control structure 9 and a loading material 7. The side length of the rectangular metal ring 8 is (0.09-0.1 lambda)0)×(0.09～0.1λ0) The 8 width of the rectangular metal ring is 0.008-0.01 lambda0The long side dimension of the parallel branch control structure 9 is 0.03-0.04 lambda0The short side size is 0.01-0.02 lambda0。
Specifically, the frequency selective absorption surface operating principle is shown in FIG. 5,
in addition, resistive materials are loaded on the rectangular resonant circuit, and inductive materials and capacitive materials are loaded on the parallel branch control structure, wherein R is 50-100 omega, L is 2-10 nH, and C is 0.1-0.5 pF.
In a specific implementation process, as shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment can achieve a typical 60 ° scanning active standing wave suppression effect, and after the frequency selective absorption surface is loaded, the active standing wave of the antenna is reduced from 15 to below 4, and ± 60 ° wide-angle scanning can be achieved.
In another embodiment, an area array composed of 10 × 10 element antenna elements is provided, and the simulation model is shown in fig. 7. A typical array element pitch is 27mm, the frequency selective absorption surface element size is 7mm, and the antenna array cross-sectional height is 70 mm. The antenna array gain and pattern simulation results are shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9. Meanwhile, a 60-degree scanning pattern comparison before and after loading the frequency selective absorption surface at the peak frequency point of the standing wave is given, as shown in fig. 10.
In this embodiment, an orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna is provided, which can operate in a 3:1 bandwidth compared with a conventional phased array antenna, can implement orthogonal dual polarization, and can implement ± 60 ° spatial scanning, and the adopted resistive surface is mainly used to reduce the size of an antenna unit to implement a wider scanning angle, and the proposed frequency selective absorption surface can effectively solve the problems that the phased array antenna wide-angle scanning active standing wave generates peaks at some frequency points and generates scanning blind zones, and the loaded frequency selective absorption surface does not exceed the antenna aperture surface, does not increase the profile height of the antenna, and the loaded frequency selective absorption surface is in a frequency band where the active standing wave is high, and realizes energy absorption through a resistive branch, improves port impedance matching, and reduces reflection standing waves. In the frequency band with low active standing wave, the absorption amount of the frequency selective absorption surface is reduced by controlling the branch node, thereby ensuring the stability of the antenna gain. The technical problems that the scanning performance of the existing phased array antenna is not high and a scanning blind area exists are solved.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An orthogonal polarization broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna is characterized by comprising a metal floor, a frequency selective absorption surface, a plurality of metal slot radiation pieces, a plurality of coaxial cables and a plurality of resistive surfaces; wherein:
the first ends of the plurality of metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged on the metal floor, and the second ends of the plurality of metal slot radiation pieces are vertically arranged with the frequency selective absorption surface;
the plurality of resistive surfaces are respectively arranged at the joint of the metal slot radiation pieces, and the plurality of coaxial cables are respectively arranged inside the corresponding metal slot radiation pieces.
2. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein said metal slot radiating patch is a two-arm structure, a first arm of said metal slot radiating patch being connected to an inner conductor of a coaxial cable, a second arm of said metal slot radiating patch being connected to an outer conductor of a coaxial cable.
3. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal slot radiator elements are 4, and two adjacent metal slot radiator elements are disposed in a 45 ° vertical arrangement on said metal ground plate.
4. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 3, wherein a rectangular mounting slot is provided on said metal floor, and a metal slot radiating patch is mounted in said rectangular mounting slot.
5. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said frequency selective absorption surface comprises a dielectric substrate and a rectangular resonance circuit provided on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of said dielectric substrate.
6. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 5, wherein said rectangular resonant circuit comprises a rectangular metallic ring, a parallel branch control structure, and a loading material; the parallel branch control structure is arranged inside the rectangular metal ring, and the loading material is arranged on the surfaces of the rectangular metal ring and the parallel branch control structure.
7. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna as claimed in claim 6, wherein said rectangular metal ring has a side length of (0.09-0.1 λ)0)×(0.09～0.1λ0) The width of the rectangular metal ring is 0.008-0.01 lambda0The long side dimension of the parallel branch control structure is 0.03-0.04 lambda0The short side size is 0.01-0.02 lambda0。
8. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 6, wherein the loading material comprises a resistive material loaded on the rectangular resonant circuit and an inductive material and a capacitive material loaded on the parallel branch control structures; wherein, resistive material R is 50-100 omega, inductive material L is 2-10 nH, and capacitive material C is 0.1-0.5 pF.
9. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein said metal slot radiating patch has a thickness of 0.05 λ0～0.1λ0。
10. The orthogonally polarized broadband wide angle scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein said resistive surface is embedded in said metal slot radiating patch.
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