CN109950707B - Conical conformal end-fire array antenna - Google Patents
Conical conformal end-fire array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cone conformal end-fire array antenna, which realizes high-gain axial radiation characteristics under the condition of meeting the broadband bandwidth of the antenna, and comprises a cone-shaped dielectric substrate, two binary sub-arrays, a supporting dielectric substrate, a first metal isolation plate, a second metal isolation plate, a third metal isolation plate and two planar dipole antenna units, wherein the two binary sub-arrays are conformal on the cone-shaped dielectric substrate, one of the two binary sub-arrays is positioned at the position of the other binary sub-array after rotating step by step according to 180 degrees of rotation by taking a rotating shaft of the cone-shaped dielectric substrate as a rotating center, and the two binary sub-arrays adopt 180 degrees of phase difference for feeding; the supporting medium substrate is fixed inside the conical medium substrate; the three metal isolation plates and the two planar dipole antenna units are fixed on the supporting medium substrate in parallel and are perpendicular to the central lines of the two binary subarrays, and the three metal isolation plates and the two planar dipole antenna units are arranged at intervals one by one.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a conical conformal end-fire array antenna which can be applied to various conical carrier platforms.
Background
An endfire antenna refers to a type of antenna having endfire radiation characteristics, with the antenna radiating energy radiating from a feed toward space along the direction of extension of the antenna. In the traditional radar array antenna, a side-emitting array is adopted, the gain of the antenna is positively correlated with the equivalent caliber size of the array, namely when the gain is larger, a large enough machine body space is needed to bear the antenna array; the radiation direction is located in the normal direction of the array surface, and if the array is required to realize large-angle scanning, the coupling among the antenna array elements is intensified, the impedance matching is deteriorated, the gain is reduced, and a scanning blind area appears in the axial direction. The end-fire antenna has high directionality and axial radiation characteristics as a special antenna structure, and can well solve the problem of blind areas of a plurality of airborne radars and the problem of large-caliber size of the antenna in practical application. Meanwhile, the research of the conformal antenna enables the carrier to have excellent aerodynamic characteristics, and meets the requirement of radar platform integration.
The structure of the conventional end fire antenna includes a log periodic antenna, a Yagi antenna, a Vivaldi antenna, and the like. In order to ensure that the conformal antenna has a low profile, a small volume and a low weight and is easy to be installed in a conformal manner with a carrier, a plane printed yagi antenna is mostly adopted, the yagi antenna comprises a passive oscillator and an active oscillator printed on a dielectric substrate, the length of the active oscillator is generally 1/2 wavelength, and when the distance between the passive oscillator and the active oscillator is less than 1/4 wavelength and the length of the passive oscillator is shorter than that of the active oscillator, the energy of the whole electromagnetic wave is enhanced in the direction of the passive oscillator; the passive vibrator is longer than the active vibrator, and will weaken in the direction of the passive vibrator. The passive oscillator with the former action is called a director and the passive oscillator with the latter action is called a reflector. The active oscillator feeds power through the feed source, and the energy radiated by the active oscillator is coupled to the oscillator from the surface waves of the free space and the dielectric plate to generate an end-fire characteristic.
In 2018, Qiaoyu Chen et al published a journal article named "2-18 GHz Conformal Low-Profile Log-Periodic Array on aCylindrical Conductor" in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, disclosing a Low-Profile Log-Periodic antenna Conformal to a cylindrical Conductor applied to 2-18GHz band, the invention formed a Log-Periodic antenna by a monopole, a top-loaded monopole and a top-folded loaded monopole, and conformed to a Conductor cylinder. Although the invention realizes the axial radiation of the cylinder by conforming the log periodic antenna with the end-fire characteristic on the conductor column, and the log periodic antenna is adopted to improve the antenna gain, the single antenna gain can reach about 8-9 dB, but the defects are that the beam pointing direction of the antenna deviates from the axial direction, and the antenna gain in the axial direction is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a conical conformal end-fire array antenna and aims to realize the axial radiation characteristic with high gain under the condition of meeting the broadband bandwidth of the antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a conical conformal end-fire array antenna, comprising: including conical dielectric substrate 1, two binary subarrays 2, supporting medium base plate 3, first metal division board 4, second metal division board 5, third metal division board 6 and two plane dipole antenna unit 7, wherein:
the conical dielectric substrate 1 is made of a flexible dielectric material;
the binary subarray 2 comprises two conformal units 21, wherein one conformal unit 21 is positioned on the other conformal unit 21, and the rotation axis of the conical dielectric substrate 1 is used as the rotation center according to the principle that
For rotating the rotated position stepwise, wherein0The free space wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna, R is the radius of the bottom surface of the conical dielectric substrate 1; the conformal unit 21 comprises a first metal patch 211 printed on the inner surface of the conical dielectric substrate 1, a truncated reflector 212, and a second metal patch printed on the outer surface of the conical dielectric substrate 1A second metal patch 213, a microstrip line 214, and a director 215; the first metal patch 211 and the second metal patch 213 are both composed of a rectangular microstrip and two dipole arms connected with the rectangular microstrip, the rectangular microstrip of the first metal patch 211 is located at the projection position of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch 213, and the two dipole arms of the first metal patch 211 and the two dipole arms of the second metal patch 213 are in mirror symmetry; the truncated reflecting plate 212 is positioned at the bottom of the conical dielectric substrate 1 and is connected with the first metal patch 211; the bottom end of the second metal patch 213 is connected with one end of a microstrip line 214, the other end of the microstrip line 214 is connected with an inner core of a coaxial line 216, and the outside of the coaxial line 216 is connected with the cutoff reflecting plate 212; the director 215 is positioned on a connecting line between the central line of the short side of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch 213 and the conical top of the conical dielectric substrate 1;
one of the two binary subarrays 2 is positioned at the other binary subarray 2, the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1 is used as a rotating center, the position after rotating step-by-step rotation is 180 degrees, and the two binary subarrays 2 adopt 180-degree phase difference for feeding;
the supporting medium substrate 3 is fixed inside the conical medium substrate 1;
the first metal isolation plate 4, the second metal isolation plate 5 and the third metal isolation plate 6 are fixed on the supporting medium substrate 3 in parallel, and the distance between the adjacent metal isolation plates is lambda0A second metal isolation plate 5 is vertically crossed with a plane formed by the central lines M of the two binary subarrays 2 and the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1, and the crossed line is superposed with the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1;
the two planar dipole antenna units 7 are fixed on the supporting medium substrate 3 in parallel, one planar dipole antenna unit 7 is located between the first metal isolation plate 4 and the second metal isolation plate 5, the other planar dipole antenna unit 7 is located between the second metal isolation plate 5 and the third metal isolation plate 6, and the two planar dipole antenna units 7 are parallel to the three metal isolation plates.
In the conical conformal end-fire array antenna, the rectangular microstrips of the first metal patch 211 and the second metal patch 213 both adopt a second-order step-gradual-change rectangular microstrip structure, wherein one end of the rectangular microstrip broadside of the first metal patch 211 is connected with the truncated reflector 212, and one end of the rectangular microstrip broadside of the second metal patch 213 is connected with the microstrip line 214; two dipole arms of the first metal patch 211 are connected with the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip, one dipole arm is connected with the open end of the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip, and the other dipole arm forms an included angle smaller than 90 degrees with the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip and points to the direction of the truncated reflector, so that the miniaturization of the antenna is realized.
In the conical conformal end-fire array antenna, the director 215 includes N rectangular metal patches equidistantly arranged along a connecting line between the narrow sides of the rectangular micro-strips of the second metal patch 213 and pointing to the conical top of the conical dielectric substrate 1, where N is greater than or equal to 1.
The planar dipole antenna unit 7 includes a dielectric substrate 71, a third metal patch 72 printed on one side of the dielectric substrate 71, a reflector 73, a fourth metal patch 74 printed on the other side of the dielectric substrate 71, and a microstrip feeder 75; the third metal patch 72 and the fourth metal patch 74 are both composed of a microstrip connection line and two radiation dipole arms connected with the microstrip connection line, the microstrip connection line of the third metal patch 72 is located at the projection position of the microstrip connection line of the fourth metal patch 74, and the two radiation dipole arms of the third metal patch 72 are in mirror symmetry with the two radiation dipole arms of the fourth metal patch 74; the reflecting plate 73 is connected with the third metal patch 72; the bottom end of the fourth metal patch 74 is connected to one end of a microstrip feed line 75, the other end of the microstrip feed line 75 is connected to an inner core of a coaxial feed line 76, and the outside of the coaxial feed line 76 is connected to the reflection plate 73.
In the conical conformal end-fire array antenna, the first metal isolation plate 4, the second metal isolation plate 5 and the third metal isolation plate 6 have the same height and are greater than the height of the reflection plate 73, the width of the second metal isolation plate 5 is equal to the width of the reflection plate 73, and the widths of the first metal isolation plate 4 and the third metal isolation plate 6 are less than the width of the second metal isolation plate 5; the center normals of the surfaces of the first metal isolation plate 4, the second metal isolation plate 5 and the third metal isolation plate 6 are collinear; the distances between the two planar dipole antenna units 7 and the adjacent metal isolation plates are equal, and the center line of the short side of the microstrip feeder line 75 is positioned in a plane formed by the center line M of the two binary subarrays 2 and the revolving shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1.
In the conical conformal end-fire array antenna, the microstrip connecting lines of the third metal patch 72 and the fourth metal patch 74 both adopt a second-order step-gradual-change rectangular microstrip structure, wherein one end of the microstrip connecting line broadside of the third metal patch 72 is connected with the reflection plate 73, and one end of the microstrip connecting line broadside of the fourth metal patch 74 is connected with the microstrip feeder line 75; two radiation dipole arms of the fourth metal patch 74 are connected with the narrow side of the microstrip connection line, one of the radiation dipole arms is connected with the open end of the narrow side of the microstrip connection line, and the other radiation dipole arm forms an included angle smaller than 90 degrees with the narrow side of the microstrip connection line, so that the miniaturization of the antenna is realized.
In the above conical conformal end-fire array antenna, the feeding amplitude ratio of the two planar dipole antenna elements 7 to the two binary sub-arrays 2 is 2: 1, the distribution mode that the current of the antenna elements is distributed from the center of the array to the two ends of the array in a descending manner can reduce the sidelobe level of the antenna.
In the above conical conformal end-fire array antenna, the dielectric substrate 3 has a relative dielectric constant of 1.1.
In the above conical conformal end-fire array antenna, the lower surface of the supporting dielectric substrate 3 is located on the bottom surface of the conical dielectric substrate 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the invention adopts two binary subarrays, wherein one of the two binary subarrays is positioned at the other binary subarray by taking the revolving shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1 as a rotation center and taking the 180-degree phase difference as a position after rotating step by step, and the two binary subarrays feed power by adopting the 180-degree phase difference, the polarization directions of the two binary subarrays are the same, so that after wave beams generated by the two binary subarrays are superposed in phase, the main radiation direction of the wave beams is in the axial direction of the conical dielectric substrate, compared with the prior art, the main radiation direction of the antenna wave beams does not deviate from the axial direction and is irrelevant to the curvature of a carrier, and the axial radiation characteristic is realized,
secondly, because the conformal conical carrier is made of the medium substrate material, electromagnetic waves can penetrate through the medium layer to radiate towards the axis direction of the conformal carrier, and two planar dipole antenna units are added in the carrier to be combined with the two binary subarrays to act together, so that the antenna gain is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conformal unit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first metal patch, a microstrip line and a truncated reflector according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the position of two binary subarrays according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the positions of three metal spacers and a planar dipole antenna element according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the planar dipole antenna unit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a voltage standing wave ratio graph of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the gain in the axial direction of a conical carrier in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a radiation pattern at three operating frequency points, low, medium and high, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples:
referring to fig. 1, a conical conformal end-fire array antenna includes a conical dielectric substrate 1, two binary subarrays 2, a supporting dielectric substrate 3, a first metal isolation plate 4, a second metal isolation plate 5, a third metal isolation plate 6, and two planar dipole antenna units 7, wherein:
the conical dielectric substrate 1 is made of a flexible dielectric material, the relative dielectric constant of the conical dielectric substrate is 2.2, the size of the conical dielectric substrate can be determined according to actual requirements, and a conical carrier with the radius of the bottom surface of 23.33mm, the height of 100mm and the thickness of 0.787mm is adopted in the embodiment of the invention.
The conformal unit 21 has a structure shown in fig. 2, and includes a first metal patch 211 printed on the inner surface of the conical dielectric substrate 1, a truncated reflector 212, and a second metal patch 213, a microstrip line 214 and a director 215 printed on the outer surface of the conical dielectric substrate 1; the first metal patch 211 and the second metal patch 213 are both composed of a rectangular microstrip and two dipole arms connected with the rectangular microstrip, the rectangular microstrip of the first metal patch 211 is positioned at the projection position of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch 213, the two dipole arms of the first metal patch 211 and the two dipole arms of the second metal patch 213 are in mirror symmetry, and the two dipole arms are in mirror symmetry and are respectively positioned at the inner side and the outer side of the conical dielectric substrate 1, so that the double-sided structure can avoid using a complex balun during feeding, simplify the geometric shape of the antenna at the same time, and is beneficial to realizing the requirements of antenna miniaturization and array combination; the truncated reflecting plate 212 is positioned at the bottom of the conical dielectric substrate 1 and is connected with the first metal patch 211; the bottom end of the second metal patch 213 is connected with one end of a microstrip line 214, the other end of the microstrip line 214 is connected with an inner core of a coaxial line 216, and the outside of the coaxial line 216 is connected with the cutoff reflecting plate 212; the director 215 is positioned on a connecting line between the central line of the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch 213 and the conical top of the conical dielectric substrate 1; the energy radiated by the dipole arms can be coupled to the director 215 via free space and surface waves of the dielectric slab, thereby creating an end-fire characteristic.
The first metal patch 211 and the second metal patch 213 are both composed of a rectangular microstrip and two dipole arms connected with the rectangular microstrip; rectangular microstrips of the first metal patch 211 and the second metal patch 213 both adopt a second-order step gradient rectangular microstrip structure, and the step gradient microstrip structure can be used for widening the bandwidth of the antenna as a matching stub, wherein one end of the rectangular microstrip broadside of the first metal patch 211 is connected with the truncated reflector 212, and one end of the rectangular microstrip broadside of the second metal patch 213 is connected with the microstrip line 214; two dipole arms of the first metal patch 211 are connected with the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip, one dipole arm is connected with the open end of the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip, the other dipole arm and the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip form an included angle smaller than 90 degrees, mutual coupling among array elements can be reduced due to the inclination of the dipole arms, array gain is improved, and simultaneous matching and phase consistency of all ports are easy to achieve.
The director 215 comprises N metal patches which are equidistantly arranged along a connecting line between the narrow sides of the rectangular micro-strip of the second metal patch 213 and the conical tops of the conical dielectric substrate 1, wherein N is more than or equal to 1; the metal patch can be used as a guide oscillator, and can be in various shapes such as rectangle, ellipse and the like, and electromagnetic waves are guided to propagate along the surface of the cone, so that the antenna beam is narrowed and the antenna gain is improved; but itself acts as a parasitic patch creating a new resonance point with an effect on the bandwidth. Generally, when the length of each parasitic patch is gradually shortened along the radiation direction of the antenna, the sequentially shortened directors can slightly widen the bandwidth, so that the bandwidth of the high frequency point of the antenna is widened, and the effective radiation of the antenna energy is realized; in the embodiment, 10 rectangular metal patches with adjacent spacing of 4.5mm and width of 0.8mm are adopted, each rectangular metal patch is arranged on a connecting line between the conical tops of the conical dielectric substrate 1 along the central line of the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch 213, the distance between the open end of the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip line close to the first rectangular metal patch of the second metal patch 213 and the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip line of the second metal patch 213 is 3mm, and the length is 8 mm; the lengths of the next 8 rectangular metal patches are all 7.2 mm; the radius of the position of the director close to the top of the conical medium substrate 1 is smaller, so that the director is prevented from being mutually crossed and overlapped, and the length of the director is 6.5 mm; when the rectangular metal patches are distributed on the connecting line between the conical tops of the conical medium substrate 1 along the central line of the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch 213, the curvature of the conical medium substrate on the connecting line is gradually increased, the effective length of the guider with equal length after the guider and the carrier are conformal is shortened, and the effective radiation of electromagnetic energy is realized.
The relative dielectric constant of the supporting dielectric substrate 3 is 1.1, the supporting dielectric substrate is close to that of air, the influence on the electrical performance of the antenna can be ignored, the position of the supporting dielectric substrate is crossed with three metal isolation plates and two planar dipole antenna units 7, and the supporting dielectric substrate 3 plays a role in supporting and fixing, is a circular dielectric substrate, the radius of the supporting dielectric substrate is 23.33mm, the thickness of the supporting dielectric substrate is 1mm, and the lower surface of the supporting dielectric substrate is fixed on the bottom surface of the conical dielectric substrate 1.
Referring to fig. 3, the lengths and widths of the narrow sides of the second-order stepped-gradient rectangular microstrip structure of the first metal patch 211 are w1 and d1, w1 is 0.5mm, and d1 is 5.94mm, respectively; one dipole arm of the first metal patch 211 is connected to an open end of a narrow side of the rectangular microstrip structure, and has an included angle of 90 ° with the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip structure, the included angle of 90 ° is favorable for electromagnetic energy to radiate axially, the length and width of the dipole arm are a1 and wl1, a1 is 6mm, wl1 is 0.8mm, the other dipole arm is also connected to the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip structure, the distance from the open end is ds, and the length and width are a2 and wl2, respectively, wherein ds is 4.14mm, a2 is 10mm, wl2 is 1mm, and the dipole arm has an included angle α from the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip to the direction of the microstrip line 214, α is 50 °, the inclination of the dipole arm reduces mutual coupling between array elements, improves array gain, and facilitates simultaneous matching and phase consistency of each port; the length and the width of the wide side of the second-order step gradual change rectangular microstrip structure of the first metal patch 211 are w2 and d2 respectively, w2 is 1.1mm, d2 is 6mm, two isosceles right triangle chamfers are arranged at the vertex of one end of the wide side connected with the narrow side, and the side length of the chamfers is 0.5 mm; the length and width of the microstrip line 214 are w3 and d3, w3 is 1.5mm, and d3 is 7 mm; the length and width of the truncated reflector 212 are w4 and d3, respectively, w4 is 17.5mm, and d3 is 7 mm; the feed part adopts a coaxial line 216, the distance between the feed point and the bottom edge is 1.5mm, and the radiuses of the inner core and the outer core are 0.2mm and 0.5mm respectively.
Referring to fig. 4, the binary subarray 2 includes two conformal units 21, wherein one conformal unit 21 is located at the other conformal unit 21, and the rotation axis of the conical dielectric substrate 1 is used as the rotation center of the other conformal unit 21
For rotating the rotated position stepwise, wherein0The free space wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna, R is the radius of the bottom surface of the conical dielectric substrate 1; two conformal units 21 adopt
The phase difference of the total radiation field is influenced by the distance between adjacent elements, and the grating lobe of the antenna radiation directional diagram can be eliminated by reasonably selecting the distance.
One of the two binary subarrays 2 is located at the other binary subarray 2, the rotation shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1 is used as a rotation center of the other binary subarray 2, the position is rotated in a rotating stepping mode according to 180 degrees, the two binary subarrays 2 are fed with 180-degree phase difference, the polarization directions of the two binary subarrays 2 are guaranteed to be the same, and therefore after radiation patterns generated by the two binary subarrays 2 are superposed in phase, the main radiation direction of a wave beam is in the axial direction of the conical dielectric substrate 1, and axial radiation is achieved.
Referring to fig. 5, the first metal isolation plate 4, the second metal isolation plate 5 and the third metal isolation plate 6 are fixed on the supporting medium substrate 3 in parallel, and the distance between adjacent metal isolation plates is λ0A second metal isolation plate 5 is vertically crossed with a plane formed by the central lines M of the two binary subarrays 2 and the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1, and the crossed line is superposed with the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1; the two planar dipole antenna units 7 are fixed on the supporting medium substrate 3 in parallel, one planar dipole antenna unit 7 is located between the first metal isolation plate 4 and the second metal isolation plate 5, the other planar dipole antenna unit 7 is located between the second metal isolation plate 5 and the third metal isolation plate 6, and the two planar dipole antenna units 7 are parallel to the three metal isolation plates. The first metal isolation plate 4, the second metal isolation plate 5 and the third metal isolation plate 6 are all 13mm in height and are greater than the reflecting plate 73 in height, and the width and the reflection of the second metal isolation plate 5The width of the plates 73 is equal, the width of the first metal separator plate 4 and the third metal separator plate 6 is 20mm, which is smaller than the width of the second metal separator plate 5; the center normals of the surfaces of the first metal isolation plate 4, the second metal isolation plate 5 and the third metal isolation plate 6 are collinear; the distances between the two planar dipole antenna units 7 and the adjacent metal isolation plates are equal, and the center line of the short side of the microstrip feeder line 75 is positioned in a plane formed by the center line M of the two binary subarrays 2 and the revolving shaft of the conical dielectric substrate 1. Because the width of the H-plane lobe of the two planar dipole antenna units 7 is very wide, when the array is carried out along the direction, strong mutual coupling exists between the array units, so that the directional diagram is distorted, and the level of the side lobe is rapidly increased along with the increase of the frequency; the loading of the metal isolation plate reduces the coupling between the two planar dipole antenna units 7, improves the impedance matching of each port of the antenna and reduces the level of the antenna side lobe. When the height of the metal isolation plate is too high or too low, the antenna side lobe is raised to some extent, and the side lobe is lowest when the height of the metal isolation plate is slightly higher than the height of the reflection plates of the two planar dipole antenna units 7; when the width of the metal isolation plate is equal to that of the antenna unit reflecting plate, all ports of the antenna are matched, and the impedance bandwidth is wide; the width of the first metal separator plate 4 and the third metal separator plate 6 is slightly smaller than the second metal separator plate 5 due to the limitation of the conical carrier.
Referring to fig. 6, the planar dipole antenna unit 7 includes a dielectric substrate 71, a third metal patch 72 printed on one side of the dielectric substrate 71, a reflector 73, a fourth metal patch 74 printed on the other side of the dielectric substrate 71, and a microstrip feed line 75; the dielectric substrate 71 has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, a thickness of 0.787mm, a width of 25mm and a height of 30 mm; the third metal patch 72 and the fourth metal patch 74 are both composed of a microstrip connection line and two radiation dipole arms connected with the microstrip connection line, the microstrip connection line of the third metal patch 72 is located at the projection position of the microstrip connection line of the fourth metal patch 74, the two radiation dipole arms of the third metal patch 72 and the two radiation dipole arms of the fourth metal patch 74 are in mirror symmetry, and the structure of the third metal patch 72 and the parameter settings of each component are respectively the same as those of the first metal patch 211 of the conformal unit 21; the reflecting plate 73 is connected with the third metal patch 72, the width of the reflecting plate 73 is 25mm, and the height of the reflecting plate 73 is 7 mm; the bottom end of the fourth metal patch 74 is connected with one end of a microstrip feeder line 75, the other end of the microstrip feeder line 75 is connected with an inner core of a coaxial feeder line 76, the outside of the coaxial feeder line 76 is connected with a reflection plate 73, the parameter setting of the microstrip feeder line 75 is the same as that of a microstrip line 214 of the common-mode unit 21, the distance from the feed point position of the coaxial feeder line 76 to the bottom edge is 1.5mm, and the radiuses of the inner core and the outer core are 0.2mm and 0.5mm respectively. The microstrip connecting lines of the third metal patch 72 and the fourth metal patch 74 both adopt a second-order step gradual change rectangular microstrip structure, wherein one end of the microstrip connecting line broadside of the third metal patch 72 is connected with the reflecting plate (73), and one end of the microstrip connecting line broadside of the fourth metal patch 74 is connected with the microstrip feeder line 75; two radiation dipole arms of the fourth metal patch 74 are connected with the narrow side of the microstrip connection line, one radiation dipole arm is connected with the open end of the narrow side of the microstrip connection line, an isosceles right triangle chamfer is arranged at the vertex of the open end of the narrow side of the microstrip connection line, the side length of the chamfer is b2, b2 is 0.5mm, and the other radiation dipole arm and the narrow side of the microstrip connection line form an included angle of 50 degrees, so that the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. In the antenna design, the presence of the microstrip connecting lines in the third metal patch 72 and the fourth metal patch 74 and the microstrip feed line 75 as reflectors achieves the end-fire radiation characteristics of the antenna.
The feeding amplitude ratio of the two planar dipole antenna units 7 to the two binary sub-arrays 2 is 2: 1, the distribution mode that the current of the antenna elements is distributed from the center of the array to the two ends of the array in a descending manner can reduce the sidelobe level of the antenna.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation conditions and contents:
1.1 simulation calculation of the voltage standing wave ratio of each port of the antenna in the above embodiment is performed by using commercial simulation software HFSS _17.0, and the result is shown in fig. 7.
1.2 the gain pattern of the antenna in the axial radiation direction in the above embodiment was simulated and calculated by using commercial simulation software HFSS _17.0, and the result is shown in fig. 8.
1.3 the radiation patterns of the antenna at the three frequency points of low, middle and high in the above embodiment are simulated and calculated by commercial simulation software HFSS _17.0, and the result is shown in fig. 9.
2. And (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 7, the VSWR < 2 is taken as a standard, the voltage standing wave ratio bandwidth range in the example is 7.9 GHz-12.43 GHz, the relative bandwidth is 46%, the X-band (8 GHz-12 GHz) is completely covered, and a certain degree of broadening is also provided, and the broadband bandwidth characteristic is satisfied.
Referring to fig. 8, the achievable gain of the antenna in the axial direction, i.e. the axial direction of the conical carrier, varies in the range of 12.18dB to 15.35dB over the entire operating band. Along with the increase of the frequency point, the gain value is increased and then reduced; the maximum gain value is 15.35dB when the working frequency is 11 GHz. Compared with the prior art, the planar array antenna is combined in the carrier, so that the antenna gain is improved by about 2dB while the axial radiation is realized.
Referring to fig. 9, with theta equal to 0 ° as the axial direction, the radiation patterns of the antenna at the low, medium and high frequency points can be seen that the main radiation direction of the antenna is in the axial direction of the conical carrier, and the axial radiation is realized. Compared with the prior art, the correction angle is about 30 degrees.
The simulation results show that compared with the prior art, the feeding and arrangement structure of the antenna binary subarray and the mode of combining the conformal binary subarray and the two planar dipole antenna units realize the high-gain axial radiation characteristic under the condition of ensuring that the antenna meets the broadband, and the defects of the prior art are overcome.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A conical conformal end-fire array antenna, comprising: including conical dielectric substrate (1), two binary subarrays (2), supporting medium base plate (3), first metal division board (4), second metal division board (5), third metal division board (6) and two plane dipole antenna element (7), wherein:
the conical dielectric substrate (1) is made of a flexible dielectric material;
the binary subarray (2) comprises two conformal units (21), wherein one conformal unit (21) is positioned on the other conformal unit (21) and takes the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate (1) as a rotating center according to the principle that
For rotating the rotated position stepwise, wherein0The wavelength is the free space wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna, and R is the radius of the bottom surface of the conical dielectric substrate (1); the conformal unit (21) comprises a first metal patch (211) printed on the inner surface of the conical dielectric substrate (1), a truncated reflector plate (212), a second metal patch (213) printed on the outer surface of the conical dielectric substrate (1), a microstrip line (214) and a director (215); the first metal patch (211) and the second metal patch (213) are both composed of a rectangular microstrip and two dipole arms connected with the rectangular microstrip, the rectangular microstrip of the first metal patch (211) is positioned at the projection position of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch (213), and the two dipole arms of the first metal patch (211) and the two dipole arms of the second metal patch (213) are in mirror symmetry; the cutoff reflecting plate (212) is positioned at the bottom of the conical medium substrate (1) and is connected with the first metal patch (211); the bottom end of the second metal patch (213) is connected with one end of a microstrip line (214), the other end of the microstrip line (214) is connected with an inner core of a coaxial line (216), and the outside of the coaxial line (216) is connected with a cutoff reflecting plate (212); the director (215) is positioned on a connecting line between the central line of the short side of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch (213) and the conical top of the conical dielectric substrate (1);
one of the two binary sub-arrays (2) is positioned at the other binary sub-array (2) by taking the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate (1) as a rotating center and taking 180 degrees as a position after rotating step by step, and the two binary sub-arrays (2) adopt a phase difference of 180 degrees for feeding;
the supporting medium substrate (3) is fixed inside the conical medium substrate (1);
the first metal isolation plate (4), the second metal isolation plate (5) and the third metal isolation plate (6) are fixed on the supporting medium substrate (3) in parallel, and the distance between every two adjacent metal isolation plates is lambda0A second metal isolation plate (5) is vertically crossed with a plane formed by the central lines M of the two binary subarrays (2) and the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate (1), and the crossed line is superposed with the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate (1);
the planar dipole antenna unit (7) comprises a dielectric substrate (71), a third metal patch (72) printed on one surface of the dielectric substrate (71), a reflecting plate (73), a fourth metal patch (74) printed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate (71), and a microstrip feeder line (75); the third metal patch (72) and the fourth metal patch (74) are both composed of a microstrip connecting line and two radiation dipole arms connected with the microstrip connecting line, the microstrip connecting line of the third metal patch (72) is located at the projection position of the microstrip connecting line of the fourth metal patch (74), the two radiation dipole arms of the third metal patch (72) and the two radiation dipole arms of the fourth metal patch (74) are in mirror symmetry, and the structure of the third metal patch (72) and the parameter setting of each part are respectively the same as those of the first metal patch (211) of the conformal unit (21); the reflecting plate (73) is connected with the third metal patch (72); the bottom end of the fourth metal patch (74) is connected with one end of a microstrip feeder line (75), the other end of the microstrip feeder line (75) is connected with an inner core of a coaxial feeder line (76), the outer part of the coaxial feeder line (76) is connected with a reflection plate (73), and the parameter setting of the microstrip feeder line (75) is the same as that of a microstrip line (214) of the conformal unit (21);
the two planar dipole antenna units (7) are fixed on the supporting medium substrate (3) in parallel, one planar dipole antenna unit (7) is located between the first metal isolation plate (4) and the second metal isolation plate (5), the other planar dipole antenna unit (7) is located between the second metal isolation plate (5) and the third metal isolation plate (6), and the two planar dipole antenna units (7) are parallel to the three metal isolation plates.
2. The conical conformal end-fire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: rectangular micro-strips of the first metal patch (211) and the second metal patch (213) both adopt a second-order step gradual change rectangular micro-strip structure, wherein one end of the rectangular micro-strip wide side of the first metal patch (211) is connected with the cutoff reflecting plate (212), and one end of the rectangular micro-strip wide side of the second metal patch (213) is connected with the micro-strip line (214); two dipole arms of the first metal patch (211) are connected with the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip, one dipole arm is connected with the open end of the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip, and the other dipole arm forms an included angle smaller than 90 degrees with the narrow side of the rectangular microstrip and points to the direction of the cutoff reflecting plate (212) so as to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
3. The conical conformal end-fire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the director (215) comprises N rectangular metal patches which are equidistantly arranged along a connecting line between the middle line of the short side of the rectangular microstrip of the second metal patch (213) and the conical top of the conical medium substrate (1), wherein N is more than or equal to 1.
4. The conical conformal end-fire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first metal isolation plate (4), the second metal isolation plate (5) and the third metal isolation plate (6) are equal in height and larger than the reflecting plate (73), the width of the second metal isolation plate (5) is equal to that of the reflecting plate (73), and the widths of the first metal isolation plate (4) and the third metal isolation plate (6) are smaller than that of the second metal isolation plate (5); the center normals of the plate surfaces of the first metal isolation plate (4), the second metal isolation plate (5) and the third metal isolation plate (6) are collinear; the distances between the two planar dipole antenna units (7) and the adjacent metal isolation plates are equal, and the center line of the short side of the microstrip feeder line (75) is positioned in a plane formed by the center line M of the two binary subarrays (2) and the rotating shaft of the conical dielectric substrate (1).
5. The conical conformal end-fire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the microstrip connecting lines of the third metal patch (72) and the fourth metal patch (74) both adopt a rectangular microstrip structure with two-order step gradual change, wherein one end of the microstrip connecting line broadside of the third metal patch (72) is connected with the reflector plate (73), and one end of the microstrip connecting line broadside of the fourth metal patch (74) is connected with the microstrip feeder line (75); and two radiation dipole arms of the fourth metal patch (74) are connected with the narrow edge of the microstrip connecting line, one radiation dipole arm is connected with the open end of the narrow edge of the microstrip connecting line, and the other radiation dipole arm and the narrow edge of the microstrip connecting line form an included angle smaller than 90 degrees, so that the miniaturization of the antenna is realized.
6. The conical conformal end-fire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feeding amplitude ratio of the two planar dipole antenna units (7) to the two binary sub-arrays (2) is 2: 1, the distribution mode that the current of the antenna elements is distributed from the center of the array to the two ends of the array in a descending manner can reduce the sidelobe level of the antenna.
7. The conical conformal end-fire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the relative dielectric constant of the supporting medium substrate (3) is 1.1.
8. The conical conformal end-fire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: and the lower surface of the support medium substrate (3) is positioned on the bottom surface of the conical medium substrate (1).
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| CN110504535B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2020-11-06 | 上海交通大学 | Yagi end-fire array antenna with dual-polarized cylindrical conformal microstrip magnetic oscillator |
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| CN112952406A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 东莞天速通信技术有限公司 | Space power synthesis antenna and signal transceiving method thereof |
| CN111193106B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | 南京理工大学 | Microstrip monopole antenna |
| CN111029791A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-17 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Tightly coupled dipole reflection antenna array |
| CN111641027B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2024-04-23 | 西安外事学院 | Leaky-wave side-emission array antenna based on parallel double lines |
| CN112615159B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-09-07 | 清华大学 | Airborne vertical polarization and dual-polarization phased array |
| CN112615157B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-10-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying plane asymptotic conical feed arm |
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