CN114389030B - Wing conformal phased array antenna based on dipole - Google Patents

Wing conformal phased array antenna based on dipole Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114389030B
CN114389030B CN202210002405.3A CN202210002405A CN114389030B CN 114389030 B CN114389030 B CN 114389030B CN 202210002405 A CN202210002405 A CN 202210002405A CN 114389030 B CN114389030 B CN 114389030B
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dipole
wing
branch
array antenna
base layer
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CN114389030A (en
Inventor
屈世伟
李安
陈章鑫
沈晓峰
杨仕文
汤恒河
王侃
林维涛
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft
    • H01Q1/287—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft integrated in a wing or a stabiliser
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Abstract

The invention discloses a wing conformal phased-array antenna based on dipoles, and belongs to the field of wireless communication. The wing conformal phased-array antenna is based on different dipole structures, and can realize wide-angle scanning on a horizontal plane under the conditions that vertical plane wave beams are narrow and standing waves are low. The whole antenna structure is printed on the polyimide film, is light, thin and soft, can be tightly attached to the surface of the outer contour of the wing, and guarantees the requirements of fluid dynamics and aerodynamics of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The wing conformal phased-array antenna adopts a dipole structure, and is respectively loaded with structures such as coupling metal strips, so that the coupling between units is enhanced and utilized, thereby realizing good matching and carrying out large-angle scanning on a horizontal plane; meanwhile, energy is concentrated in the horizontal direction by introducing the metal director and the reflector, the beam width of the vertical plane is reduced, the interference of ground waves to an unmanned aerial vehicle radar system can be effectively reduced, and the gain is improved.

Description

Wing conformal phased array antenna based on dipole
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna engineering, and relates to a wing conformal and horizontally polarized one-dimensional phased array antenna which has the advantages of large-angle scanning in a horizontal plane, narrow beam in a vertical plane, light, thin, flexible and easy to conform, and is suitable for radars and communication systems of platforms such as high-speed aircrafts and the like.
Background
The conformal antenna can be installed on smooth curved surfaces of special platforms such as warships and high-speed aircrafts, meets the requirements of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, and has the advantages of wide-angle coverage, larger radiation aperture and easiness in platform integration. The conformal phased array antenna can realize beam scanning on the basis of meeting the requirement of being conformal with a platform, and is widely researched and applied. The document "Practical implementation of a wireless and wireless-scanning phased antenna" proposes a phased array antenna that conforms to a cylindrical surface. The antenna in the document applies a strong coupling mechanism, has the characteristics of broadband and wide-angle scanning, but has a high profile and a heavy weight, and limits the application of the antenna.
On a wing platform of an unmanned aerial vehicle, the requirements on the weight, the flexibility and the conformal degree of a conformal antenna are very strict; meanwhile, in order to reduce the interference of ground clutter on the radar system, the beam width of the conformal antenna in the vertical plane needs to be compressed, which brings great challenges to antenna matching. Therefore, a novel dipole structure with two pairs of branches is adopted, and the design requirement is met. The document "ultra wideband double-unit rf antenna with stable radiation patterns for phased array applications" proposes an array antenna formed by using a double-diamond dipole structure as a unit, which can achieve the ultra wideband matching characteristic, however, the document only analyzes the lateral radiation performance of the array antenna, and does not further explore the scanning performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a one-dimensional wing conformal phased-array antenna based on a novel dipole on the basis of the background technology, which comprises five similar wing conformal antenna units. The five antenna units are respectively based on different novel dipole structures, and can realize wide-angle scanning on a horizontal plane under the conditions that vertical plane wave beams are narrow and standing waves are low. In addition, the antenna is light, thin and flexible as a whole, and is easy to be conformal on the surface of the wing.
The technical scheme of the invention is a wing conformal phased-array antenna based on dipoles, which is arranged at the front section of the windward side of a wing and comprises: the dipole array comprises a base layer, a first dipole, an director array, a second dipole and a metal reflecting plate; the base layer is surrounded into a structure with an opening, the shape of the structure is the same as that of the windward end of the wing, the metal reflecting plate is arranged at the opening of the structure surrounded by the base layer, and electromagnetic waves are reflected to the advancing direction of the airplane; the first dipole is arranged on the inner surface of the tail section of the lower base layer, the second dipole is arranged on the inner surface of the tail section of the upper base layer, and an director array is arranged on the inner surface of the base layer between the first dipole and the second dipole; the first dipole and the second dipole are identical in structure, but the first dipole is larger than the second dipole in size.
Furthermore, the director array is a plurality of strip-shaped patches, and the axial direction of all the strip-shaped patches is perpendicular to the advancing direction of the airplane.
Further, the first dipole and the second dipole each comprise: the branch layer is arranged on the inner surface of the base layer and comprises a left lobe and a right lobe which are symmetrical, and the left lobe and the right lobe both comprise dipoles, coupling structures and bent branches; the dipole and the coupling structure are enclosed into a square metal frame, the bending branch is positioned inside the metal frame, the bending branch is only provided with one bending part, and the direction of the bending part is opposite to the advancing direction of the airplane; one end of each bent branch section is connected with the edge of the metal frame, the other end of each bent branch section is suspended, the connected frame edges are the frame edges adjacent to the left valve and the right valve, and the left valve metal frame and the right valve metal frame are both connected with the bottoms adjacent to the metal reflecting plates; the adjacent frame edge of left lobe and right lobe sets up the isolation layer, sets up the feed probe on the isolation layer, and this feed probe is hook-like, and the one end of feed probe is the feed point.
Further, the first dipole and the second dipole each comprise: the device comprises a branch layer, an isolation layer and a feed probe, wherein the branch layer comprises a left lobe and a right lobe which are symmetrical, the left lobe and the right lobe both comprise a vertical branch and a transverse branch, the bottom end of the vertical branch is close to a metal reflection plate, the top end of the vertical branch is connected with the transverse branch, a gap is reserved between the vertical branch of the left lobe and the vertical branch of the right lobe but the bottoms of the vertical branch and the transverse branch are connected, and the bottom end of the gap is provided with a circular notch; the bottom ends of the vertical branch of the left lobe and the vertical branch of the right lobe are provided with an isolation layer, the isolation layer is provided with a feed probe, the feed probe comprises a vertical part and a transverse part, the bottom end of the vertical part is a feed point close to the metal reflecting plate, the top end of the vertical part is connected with the transverse part, and the tail end of the transverse part is connected with the top point of a fan-shaped patch; a pair of coupling structures is disposed on the inner surface of the substrate between the second dipole and the director array, and the pair of coupling structures is bilaterally symmetric. Furthermore, the coupling structure is in an I shape, the lengths of the upper and lower horizontal branches of the I-shaped coupling structure are equal, the two coupling structures respectively comprise a vertical branch and two vertical branches in total, and the length of the horizontal branch between the two vertical branches in the two coupling structures is greater than that of the horizontal branch outside the two vertical branches. Furthermore, the coupling structures are hook-shaped, each hook-shaped coupling structure comprises a short side, a bottom side and a long side, the openings of the hook-shaped structures of the two coupling structures are opposite, and the short sides are closer to the metal reflecting plate.
Further, the first dipole and the second dipole are each configured to include: the device comprises a branch layer, an isolation layer and a feed probe, wherein the branch layer comprises a left lobe and a right lobe which are symmetrical, the left lobe and the right lobe comprise a first vertical branch, a transverse branch and a second vertical branch, the bottom end of the first vertical branch is close to a metal reflection plate, the top end of the first vertical branch is connected with one end of the transverse branch, the other end of the transverse branch is connected with one end of the second vertical branch, and the second vertical branch extends along the direction of the first vertical branch; a gap is reserved between the first vertical branch of the left valve and the first vertical branch of the right valve, but the bottoms of the first vertical branch and the first vertical branch are connected, and a circular notch is formed in the bottom end of the gap; the bottom end of the vertical branch of the left lobe and the bottom end of the vertical branch of the right lobe are provided with an isolation layer, the isolation layer is provided with a feed probe, the feed probe comprises a vertical part and a transverse part, the bottom end of the vertical part is a feed point close to the metal reflecting plate, the top end of the vertical part is connected with the transverse part, and the tail end of the transverse part is connected with the top point of a fan-shaped patch; the outer sides of the first dipole and the second dipole are respectively provided with a coupling structure, the two coupling structures are symmetrical, the coupling structure comprises four sections, the starting point of the first section is connected with the bottom of a first vertical branch section of a dipole branch section layer, the first section is parallel to a transverse branch section, the first section and the fourth section are bent by 90 degrees in the same direction in sequence, and finally the fourth section is positioned between a left second vertical branch section and a right second vertical branch section in the branch section layer.
Further, the first dipole and the second dipole each comprise: the device comprises a branch layer, an isolation layer and a feed probe, wherein the branch layer comprises a left lobe and a right lobe which are symmetrical, the left lobe and the right lobe comprise a first vertical branch, a transverse branch and a second vertical branch, the bottom end of the first vertical branch is close to a metal reflection plate, the top end of the first vertical branch is connected with one end of the transverse branch, the other end of the transverse branch is connected with one end of the second vertical branch, and the second vertical branch, the transverse branch and the first vertical branch are enclosed into a U shape; a gap is reserved between the first vertical branch of the left valve and the first vertical branch of the right valve, but the bottoms of the first vertical branch and the first vertical branch are connected, and a circular notch is formed in the bottom end of the gap; the bottom end of the vertical branch of the left lobe and the bottom end of the vertical branch of the right lobe are provided with an isolation layer, the isolation layer is provided with a feed probe, the feed probe comprises a vertical part and a transverse part, the bottom end of the vertical part is a feed point close to the metal reflecting plate, the top end of the vertical part is connected with the transverse part, and the tail end of the transverse part is connected with the top point of a fan-shaped patch; the outer sides of the first dipole and the second dipole are respectively provided with a coupling structure, the two coupling structures are symmetrical, each coupling structure comprises four sections, the starting point of each first section is connected with the bottom of the first vertical branch of the dipole branch layer, the first section is parallel to the transverse branch, and the first section and the fourth section are bent by 90 degrees in the same direction in sequence.
Furthermore, the directors in the director array are strip patches, the number of the strip patches is 6-8, and the long edges of the strip patches face the windward side of the wing.
The five similar wing conformal antenna units can respectively form an array. The whole antenna structure is printed on the polyimide film, is light, thin and soft, can be tightly attached to the surface of the outer contour of the wing, and guarantees the requirements of fluid dynamics and aerodynamics of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The wing conformal phased-array antenna adopts a novel dipole structure, and is respectively loaded with structures such as coupling metal strips, and the like, so that the coupling between units is enhanced and utilized, thereby realizing good matching and carrying out large-angle scanning on a horizontal plane; meanwhile, energy is concentrated in the horizontal direction by introducing the metal director and the reflector, the beam width of a vertical plane is compressed, the interference of ground waves on an unmanned aerial vehicle radar system can be effectively reduced, and the gain is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first element of an array antenna according to the present invention. The (a), (b), and (c) are respectively a 3D view, a side view, and a top view of the first antenna unit.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a dipole under the first antenna element.
Fig. 3 (a), (b), and (c) are specific dimensions of the lower dipole, the upper dipole, and the six directors of the first antenna element in the following order: mm.
Fig. 4 shows the position coordinates of six directors of the first antenna element in units: mm.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second element of the array antenna of the present invention. Wherein (a) and (b) are respectively a top view and a side view of the second antenna unit.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third element of the array antenna of the present invention. Wherein (a) and (b) are respectively a top view and a side view of the third antenna unit.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fourth element of the array antenna of the present invention. Wherein (a) and (b) are respectively a top view and a side view of the fourth antenna unit.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third element of the array antenna of the present invention. Wherein (a) and (b) are respectively a top view and a side view of the fifth antenna unit.
Fig. 9 is a partial schematic view of a first array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a vertical gain pattern of the first antenna element of the array antenna according to the present invention when radiating sideways.
Fig. 11 is a gain pattern scanned in a horizontal plane of a first array antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 12 shows the active standing wave ratio of an intermediate unit when the first array antenna of the present invention scans in a horizontal plane.
Detailed Description
The relative operating bandwidth of the first wing conformal phased array antenna in this embodiment is 22.2%, the 3D view, the side view and the top view of the unit structure are respectively shown in fig. 1 (a), (b) and (c), and the unit size is 0.45 × 0.49 × 0.25 λ 0 3 Wherein λ is 0 Is the center frequency f 0 Corresponding to the wavelength in vacuum.
In this embodiment, the first antenna unit includes two similar novel dipole structures 00 and 01, where the first pair of branches 10 and 11, the second pair of branches 20 and 21, the coupling metal strips 30 and 31, and the first metal director 50 and the second metal director 51 of the lower-layer novel dipole are located on the same horizontal plane; the third metal director 52, the fourth metal director 53, the fifth metal director 54 and the sixth metal director 55 are respectively positioned at the front upper part and the upper part of the dipole; they are all printed on the upper surface of a block of polyimide material 60; the feed line of the Marchand bag feed structure 40 is printed on the upper surface of a small piece of F4BM-220 material 70; all structures are located in front of the metal reflective plate 80, see fig. 1.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the polyimide 60 used in the first antenna element is 0.05mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 3.5; the F4BM-220 material 70 used, having a thickness of 0.25mm and a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, was located above the polyimide 60, see FIG. 1. In the antenna side view, with the first dipole feeding point as the origin of coordinates, the director array comprises 6 directors, and the coordinates are (38.5, 0.05), (47.5, 0.05), (53, 5.2), (50.5, 8.5), (47, 11.8), (38, 16) in sequence.
Fig. 5 (a) and (b) are respectively shown in top view and side view of a second wing conformal phased array antenna unit in this embodiment. The two sides of the wing at the last time are respectively provided with a same novel dipole structure 100 and 101 which are respectively fed by two same Blaun structures 150; the coupling structure 120 is located in front of the dipole 100; four metal directors 130, 131, 132 and 133 are sequentially distributed on the upper surface of the wing; two metal reflectors 140, 141 are located on the lower surface of the wing; all structures are located in front of the metal reflection plate 160.
The top view and the side view of the third wing conformal phased array antenna unit in this embodiment are respectively shown in fig. 6 (a) and (b). The two sides of the wing at the last time are respectively provided with the same novel dipole structures 200 and 201, and the two same Blaun structures 250 are used for feeding electricity respectively; the coupling structure 220 is located in front of the dipole 200; five metal directors 230, 231, 232, 233 and 234 are sequentially distributed on the upper surface of the wing; three metal reflectors 240, 241, 242 are located on the lower surface of the wing; all structures are located in front of the metal reflective plate 260.
The top view and the side view of the fourth wing conformal phased array antenna unit in this embodiment are respectively shown in fig. 7 (a) and (b). The two sides of the wing at the last time are respectively provided with the same novel dipole structures 300 and 301 which are respectively fed by the two same Blaun structures 350; the coupling structure 320 is located in front of the dipole 300; five metal directors 330, 331, 332, 333 and 334 are sequentially distributed on the upper surface of the wing; three metal reflectors 340, 341, 342 are located on the lower surface of the wing; all structures are located in front of the metal reflective plate 360.
In this embodiment, the top view and the side view of the fifth wing conformal phased array antenna unit are respectively shown in fig. 8 (a) and (b). The two sides of the wing at the last time are respectively provided with the same novel dipole structures 400 and 401 which are respectively fed by the two same Blaun structures 450; the coupling structure 420 is located in front of the dipole 400; four metal directors 430, 431, 432 and 433 are sequentially distributed on the upper surface of the wing; two metal reflectors 440, 441 are located on the lower surface of the wing; all structures are located in front of the metal reflection plate 460.
In this embodiment, the five antenna units may be uniformly arranged along a straight line on a horizontal plane, thereby forming a one-dimensional array. A partial top view of a first wing conformal phased array antenna array is shown in fig. 9, which is composed of 12 elements uniformly arranged along a straight line.
Fig. 10 is a gain pattern of the first wing conformal phased array antenna unit in the embodiment in a vertical plane when the antenna unit radiates from a side. It can be seen that the antenna elements have a relatively narrow beam in the vertical plane, radiating the main energy in the horizontal plane, which is at f L 、f 0 And f H At 3dB beam widths of 94 °,81 ° and 66 °, respectively, where f L 、f 0 、f H Respectively, the lowest frequency, the center frequency, and the highest frequency of the operating band.
Fig. 11 is a gain pattern of the first wing conformal phased array antenna in this embodiment as scanned in the horizontal plane. As can be seen, the gain of the antenna in the horizontal plane is significantly improved due to the compressed beam width of the antenna in the vertical plane.
Fig. 12 shows the active standing wave ratio of a middle element when the first wing conformal phased array antenna scans in the horizontal plane in the present embodiment. As can be seen, the antenna scans within +/-60 degrees of the horizontal plane, and the active standing-wave ratio of the unit is within the working bandwidth f L ～f H The internal contents are all less than 2.5.

Claims (3)

1. A dipole based wing conformal phased array antenna disposed on a front section of a windward side of a wing, comprising: the dipole array comprises a base layer, a first dipole, an director array, a second dipole and a metal reflecting plate; the base layer is surrounded into a structure with an opening, the shape of the structure is the same as that of the windward end of the wing, the metal reflecting plate is arranged at the opening of the structure surrounded by the base layer, and electromagnetic waves are reflected to the advancing direction of the airplane; the first dipole is arranged on the inner surface of the tail section of the lower base layer, the second dipole is arranged on the inner surface of the tail section of the upper base layer, and the director array is arranged on the inner surface of the base layer between the first dipole and the second dipole; the first dipole and the second dipole are the same in structure, but the size of the first dipole is larger than that of the second dipole;
the first dipole and the second dipole each comprise: the branch layer is arranged on the inner surface of the base layer and comprises a left lobe and a right lobe which are symmetrical, and the left lobe and the right lobe both comprise dipoles, coupling structures and bent branches; the dipole and the coupling structure are enclosed into a square metal frame, the bending branch is positioned inside the metal frame, the bending branch is only provided with one bending part, and the direction of the bending part is opposite to the advancing direction of the airplane; one end of each bent branch section is connected with the edge of the metal frame, the other end of each bent branch section is suspended, the connected frame edges are the frame edges adjacent to the left valve and the right valve, and the left valve metal frame and the right valve metal frame are both connected with the bottoms adjacent to the metal reflecting plates; the adjacent frame edge of left lobe and right lobe sets up the isolation layer, sets up the feed probe on the isolation layer, and this feed probe is hook-like, and the one end of feed probe is the feed point.
2. A dipole-based airfoil conformal phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said director array is a plurality of strip patches, all of which have an axial direction perpendicular to a direction of aircraft advance.
3. The dipole based conformal phased array antenna for wings as claimed in claim 1, wherein said director array comprises 6-8 bar shaped patches with long sides facing the windward side of the wing.
CN202210002405.3A 2022-01-04 2022-01-04 Wing conformal phased array antenna based on dipole Active CN114389030B (en)

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CN115603034B (en) * 2022-11-29 2023-03-31 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 Graphene film conformal antenna structure serving as unmanned aerial vehicle wing and manufacturing method thereof

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