CN113197031A - High-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air control method for greenhouse cucumbers - Google Patents
High-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air control method for greenhouse cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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- CN113197031A CN113197031A CN202110641132.2A CN202110641132A CN113197031A CN 113197031 A CN113197031 A CN 113197031A CN 202110641132 A CN202110641132 A CN 202110641132A CN 113197031 A CN113197031 A CN 113197031A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency water-fertilizer air-control method for greenhouse cucumbers, which is characterized in that a water-gas coupling technology is added on the basis of water-fertilizer integration, the irrigation and the fertilization of crops are precisely and scientifically regulated, the accurate supply and the high-efficiency regulation of the required water, fertilizer and gas can be carried out on the greenhouse cucumbers, and rhizosphere water, fertilizer and gas environments suitable for the growth and the development of the greenhouse cucumbers are created.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air control method for greenhouse cucumbers, which is suitable for irrigation of the greenhouse cucumbers.
Background
Cucumber, an annual plant of the cucurbitaceae family, has rich fruit nutrition, and can be eaten as raw fruit or cooked vegetable. The cultivation period is long, and the fertilizer requirement is large, especially in the flowering and fruiting period. The existing water and fertilizer integrated planting has many defects, only realizes water and fertilizer coupling, lacks of regulation and control on air at the rhizosphere of crops, causes hypoxia stress, and has low fertilizer utilization rate, thus causing yield reduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air control method for greenhouse cucumbers.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air control method for greenhouse cucumbers is characterized in that a water and gas coupling technology is added on the basis of water and fertilizer integration, and the irrigation and the fertilization of crops are accurately and scientifically controlled, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a, field planting: transplanting cucumber seedlings, covering black mulching films with the width of 1m, wherein the plant spacing is 35-45 cm, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, a drip irrigation pipeline is laid between two cucumbers, drippers of the drip irrigation pipeline are buried at the depth of 15cm underground, one drip irrigation pipeline controls the irrigation of two rows of cucumbers, and the appropriate dripper flow of the drip irrigation pipeline is selected according to soil properties;
b, field planting water, fertilizer and gas management: 6m of planting water3/667m2Carrying out cyclic aeration on the planting water, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20-30 mg/L;
c, water, fertilizer and gas management in the seedling stage: the seedling stage duration of the cucumber is 20-30 d, the temperature is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ in the nighttime and the soil humidity in the seedling stage is preferably 60-70%; controlling irrigation quantity to 48m for carrying out dry-top cultivation/667 m2Carrying out irrigation for 4 times, wherein irrigation is carried out once after 5-7 days, and irrigation is carried out for 11-13 m each time; fertilizing once after the seedling stage is finished, and applying 5-7 kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer;
d, water, fertilizer and gas management in the flowering and fruit setting period: the duration time of the flowering and fruit setting period of the cucumbers is 10-25 d, the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, and is controlled to be 12-16 ℃ at night; controlling irrigation quantity 73m for carrying out dry harvest/667 m2Carrying out irrigation for 4 times, wherein the irrigation is carried out once after 5-7 days, and the irrigation is carried out 17-19 m each time; topdressing is carried out for 4 times, and 5-7 kg/667m of topdressing is applied every time2Water soluble compound fertilizer; carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20-30 mg/L;
e, water, fertilizer and gas management in the melon stage: the duration time of the cucumber full-bearing period is 20-35 d, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, and is controlled to be 16-18 ℃ at night; controlling irrigation quantity 138m for carrying out dry-top-bottom-shifting/667 m2Divided into 7 times of irrigation and 5-7 days of irrigationCarrying out one-time irrigation at 25-28 m each time; topdressing is carried out for 7 times, and each application is 5-7 kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer; carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 25-35 mg/L;
f, water, fertilizer and gas management in fruiting period: the duration of the fruiting period of the cucumber is 10-15 d, and the irrigation amount is controlled to be 28 m/667 m2Carrying out irrigation for 3 times, carrying out irrigation for 5-7 days, and carrying out irrigation for 8-10 m each time; topdressing for 3 times, applying 5-7 kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer; carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20-30 mg/L;
further, the temperature of the step a is as follows: the lowest night temperature is higher than 5 ℃, and the soil temperature at the position of 0-10 cm underground is higher than 12 ℃.
Further, the water-soluble compound fertilizer obtained in the step c and the step d comprises the following nutrient elements in percentage by mass: p2O5：K2O=20：20：20。
Further, the water-soluble compound fertilizer obtained in the step e comprises the following nutrient elements in percentage by mass: p2O5：K2O=19：8：27。
Further, the water-soluble compound fertilizer obtained in the step f comprises the following nutrient elements in percentage by mass: p2O5：K2O=16：8：34。
Furthermore, the fertilization times are controlled to be decomposed according to the nutrition requirement degree of the crops in different growth stages and the single fertilization amount, and water, fertilizer and gas are delivered to the roots of the crops through the water, fertilizer and gas integrated irrigation equipment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the water, fertilizer and gas are integrated on the basis of underground drip irrigation, so that the condition that the soil is poor in ventilation condition after common underground drip irrigation is irrigated can be improved, the oxygen concentration in the soil can be increased through aeration drip irrigation, and the emission of carbon dioxide in the soil is promoted, so that the influence of hypoxia stress on crop roots is avoided;
2. the water, fertilizer and gas integrated technology dissolves oxygen in water through an ASD cavitation circulation aeration technology, and transports the oxygen to a root area of crops, so that the oxygen concentration of the root area is increased, the respiration of the root system is enhanced, and the absorption and utilization of nutrients and water by the crops are facilitated;
3. the water, fertilizer and gas integrated irrigation method can promote the growth and development of crops, improve the yield and quality and improve the utilization efficiency of the water and nutrients of the crops;
4. the invention provides a water, fertilizer and gas integrated fertigation control, which scientifically establishes total fertilization amount according to nutrient requirements of crops at different stages by combining a soil testing formula fertilization technology, adjusts and controls the fertilization amount at different stages by fertilization metering, design of fertigation frequency, application of methods such as a proportional fertilizer applicator, computer control or manual control and the like, can realize accurate fertilization and save labor.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding and appreciation of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the following examples.
The invention relates to a high-yield and high-efficiency water-fertilizer air-control method for greenhouse cucumbers, which is characterized in that the fertilizing amount, the watering amount and the dissolved oxygen value of the cucumbers in different growth periods are different.
High-efficient coupling irrigation equipment of liquid manure gas integration divide into water supply installation, pressure device and water delivery device, the water source is deep groundwater, the feed tank is 200L, the water dropper is pressure compensation water dropper, the design flow is 2L/h, venturi Air ejector 684 is equipped with in the water tank entrance, rivers can be because pressure diminishes and the Air intake through the ejector, the water that extracts the feed tank through circulating water pump lasts through the ejector, can realize circulation aeration, with the dissolved oxygen in the improvement irrigation. The nano-scale bubbles are doped into the water-fertilizer mixture and conveyed to the rhizosphere of crops, so that the problem of oxygen deficiency of the rhizosphere is effectively solved.
Embodiment 1, a high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air control method for greenhouse cucumbers, which is to add a water and gas coupling technology on the basis of water and fertilizer integration and perform precise and scientific control on crop irrigation and fertilization, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. general view of the planting field: in the greenhouseThe average soil volume weight in a 60cm soil layer is 1.42g/cm3And the field water capacity is 22.8 percent. The soil of the test field is soil, wherein the content of sand grains is 27 percent, the content of powder sand grains is 34 percent, and the content of sticky grains is 39 percent; the organic matter content of the soil is 16.08g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 1.16g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 1.17g/kg, the total potassium content is 20.25g/kg, and the soil fertility is medium;
2. managing water, fertilizer and gas in the whole growth period:
a, field planting: selecting a cucumber variety of Zhongnong 27, planting the cucumber variety in 3 months and 26 days, transplanting cucumber seedlings of 25d seedling age, covering a black mulching film with the width of 1m, wherein the plant spacing is 35-45 cm, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, a drip irrigation pipeline is laid between two rows of cucumbers, and one drip irrigation pipeline controls the irrigation of the two rows of cucumbers; the buried depth of the drip irrigation pipeline is 15cm, one drip irrigation pipeline controls double-row irrigation on two sides, the appropriate dripper flow (2.2-2.4L/h loam and 1.8-2.0L/h clay) of the drip irrigation pipeline is selected according to soil properties, and the dripper flow of the drip irrigation tape is selected to be 1.9L/h; digging planting holes at the positions of 25-30 cm of plant spacing and 3cm of drippers, planting cucumber seedlings in the planting holes about 4000 plants per mu, and transplanting the cucumber seedlings into a frame as early as possible; applying an organic fertilizer decomposed in early spring stubbles: bagged dry pig manure (nutrient content of N2.09%, P)2O52.06%，K2O1.34%), 50kg/667m were applied2As a base fertilizer. 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate or 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate (5 kg/m of calcium superphosphate)32-3 kg/m diammonium phosphate3）；
b, field planting water, fertilizer and gas management: planting in 26 days after 3 months, and watering for 6m3/667m2Carrying out cyclic aeration on the planting water by using water, fertilizer and air efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
c, water, fertilizer and gas management in the seedling stage: the temperature is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night. The moisture in the seedling stage is not too much, and the soil humidity is preferably 60-70%. And controlling irrigation quantity per mu by utilizing the water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device to carry out 24m irrigation, carrying out 4 times of irrigation, carrying out 5-6 d irrigation once, and carrying out 6m irrigation each time. No fertilizer is applied in the seedling stage, and the fertilizer is applied once after the seedling stage, 5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied to each mu (the mass fraction ratio of nutrient elements is N: P)2O5:K2O =20:20: 20), and efficient coupling irrigation by using water, fertilizer and airThe irrigation equipment carries out circular aeration on irrigation water, and the dissolved oxygen value is set to be 20 mg/L;
d, water, fertilizer and gas management in the flowering and fruit setting period: the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 12-16 ℃ at night. 68 m/667 m irrigation amount control by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2Carrying out irrigation for 5 times, carrying out irrigation for 4-5 days, and carrying out irrigation for 13.6m each time; topdressing 5 times, applying 5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer (the mass fraction ratio of nutrient elements is N: P) per mu each time2O5:K2O =20:20: 20), and fertilizing 25kg/667m together2(ii) a Carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
e, water, fertilizer and gas management in the melon stage: the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night. Water irrigation amount is controlled to 120 m/667 m by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2Carrying out irrigation for 6 times, carrying out irrigation for 4-6 days, and carrying out 20m irrigation each time; topdressing 6 times, each time applying 7.5kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element mass fraction ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =19:8: 27), and fertilizing 45kg per mu; carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
f, water, fertilizer and gas management in fruiting period: irrigation quantity is controlled by 27 m/667 m through water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2Carrying out irrigation for 3 times, carrying out irrigation for 3-5 days, and carrying out irrigation for 9m each time; topdressing 3 times, applying 3.33kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element mass fraction ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =16:8: 34), and fertilizing 10kg per mu; and (3) carrying out cyclic aeration on the irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L.
The specific timing of example 1 is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1, a cucumber water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. general view of the planting field:
the average soil volume weight in a 60cm soil layer in the greenhouse is 1.42g/cm3And the field water capacity is 22.8 percent. The soil of the test field was soil, in which the sand content was 27%, the silt content was 34%, and the aggregate content was 39%. The organic matter content of the soil is 16.08g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 1.16g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 1.17g/kg, the total potassium content is 20.25g/kg, and the soil fertility is medium;
2. managing water, fertilizer and gas in the whole growth period:
a, field planting: selecting a cucumber variety of Zhongnong 27, planting the cucumber variety in 3 months and 26 days, transplanting cucumber seedlings of 25d seedling age, covering a black mulching film with the width of 1m, wherein the plant spacing is 35-45 cm, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, a drip irrigation pipeline is laid between two rows of cucumbers, and one drip irrigation pipeline controls the irrigation of the two rows of cucumbers. The buried depth of the drip irrigation pipeline is 15cm, and the flow of the drippers of the drip irrigation tape is 1.9L/h. And (3) digging a planting hole at a position with a plant spacing of 25-30 cm and a distance of 3cm from the dripper, and planting the cucumber seedlings in the planting hole by about 4000 plants per mu. Applying an organic fertilizer decomposed in early spring stubbles on an early inserting frame: bagged dry pig manure (nutrient content of N2.09%, P)2O52.06%，K2O1.34%), 50kg/667m were applied2As a base fertilizer. 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate or 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate (5 kg/m of calcium superphosphate)32-3 kg/m diammonium phosphate3）；
b, field planting water, fertilizer and gas management: planting in 26 days after 3 months, and watering for 6m3/667m2Carrying out cyclic aeration on the planting water by using water, fertilizer and air efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
c, water, fertilizer and gas management in the seedling stage: the temperature is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night. The moisture in the seedling stage is not too much, and the soil humidity is preferably 60-70%. 20 m/667 m irrigation amount control by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2Carrying out irrigation for 4 times, carrying out irrigation for 5-6 days, and carrying out irrigation for 5m each time; no fertilizer is applied in the seedling stage, and the fertilizer is applied once after the seedling stage, and the fertilizer is applied at a rate of 4kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =20:20: 20), carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water by utilizing water-fertilizer-gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value of 20 mg/L;
d, water, fertilizer and gas management in the flowering and fruit setting period: the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 12-16 ℃ at night. Irrigation quantity is controlled to be 61 m/667 m by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2Carrying out irrigation for 4 times, wherein irrigation is carried out for 3-5 days, and 15.25m of irrigation is carried out every time; topdressing 4 times, each time applying 5.25kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =20:20: 20), and fertilizing 21kg/667m together2(ii) a Carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
e, water, fertilizer and gas management in the melon stage: the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night. Irrigation quantity 115 m/667 m controlled by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2Carrying out irrigation for 7 times, carrying out irrigation for 4-5 days, and carrying out irrigation for 16.4m each time; topdressing 7 times, each time applying 5.3kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =19:8: 27), co-fertilization of 37kg/667m2(ii) a Carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
f, water, fertilizer and gas management in fruiting period: irrigation quantity is controlled by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device to control irrigation quantity 24 m/667 m2Carrying out irrigation for 3 times, and carrying out irrigation for 4d once, wherein irrigation for 8m each time is carried out; topdressing 3 times, 2.67kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =16:8: 34), and 8kg/667m of fertilizer is fertilized together2(ii) a And (3) carrying out cyclic aeration on the irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L.
The specific time of comparative example 1 is shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2, a cucumber water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. general view of the planting field:
the average soil volume weight in a 60cm soil layer in the greenhouse is 1.42g/cm3And the field water capacity is 22.8 percent. The soil of the test field was soil, in which the sand content was 27%, the silt content was 34%, and the aggregate content was 39%. The organic matter content of the soil is 16.08g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 1.16g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 1.17g/kg, the total potassium content is 20.25g/kg, the soil fertility is moderate
2. Planting overview:
a, field planting: selecting a cucumber variety of Zhongnong 27, planting the cucumber variety in 3 months and 26 days, transplanting cucumber seedlings of 25d seedling age, covering a black mulching film with the width of 1m, wherein the plant spacing is 35-45 cm, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, a drip irrigation pipeline is laid between two rows of cucumbers, and one drip irrigation pipeline controls the irrigation of the two rows of cucumbers. The buried depth of the drip irrigation pipeline is 15cm, and the flow of the drippers of the drip irrigation tape is 1.9L/h. Digging a planting hole at a position of 25-30 cm away from the plant spacing and 3cm away from the dripper, planting cucumber seedlings in the planting hole about 4000 plants per mu, planting the cucumber seedlings in a planting frame as early as possible, and applying an organic fertilizer which is decomposed in the early spring stubbles: bagged dry pig manure (nutrient content of N2.09%, P)2O52.06%，K2O1.34%), 50kg/667m were applied2As a base fertilizer. 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate or 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate (5 kg/m of calcium superphosphate)32-3 kg/m diammonium phosphate3）；
b, field planting water, fertilizer and gas management: planting in 26 days after 3 months, and watering for 6m3/667m2Carrying out cyclic aeration on the planting water by using water, fertilizer and air efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
c, water, fertilizer and gas management in the seedling stage: the temperature is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night. The moisture in the seedling stage is not too much, and the soil humidity is preferably 60-70%. Controlling irrigation quantity by 28 m/667 m through water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2And carrying out irrigation for 4 times and irrigation for 5-6 days, wherein irrigation for 7m each time is carried out. No fertilizer is applied in the seedling stage, and the fertilizer is applied once after the seedling stage, and the fertilizer is applied at the rate of 6kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =20:20: 20), carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water by utilizing water-fertilizer-gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value of 20 mg/L;
d, water, fertilizer and gas management in the flowering and fruit setting period: the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 12-16 ℃ at night.Irrigation quantity 73 m/667 m controlled by water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2Carrying out irrigation for 4 times, wherein irrigation is carried out for 3-4 days, and irrigation for 18.25m each time is carried out; topdressing 4 times, each time applying 7.5kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =20:20: 20), and fertilizing 30kg/667m together2(ii) a Carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
e, water, fertilizer and gas management in the melon stage: the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night. Water irrigation amount 130 m/667 m controlled by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device2Carrying out irrigation for 7 times, carrying out irrigation for 5-3-4 days, and carrying out irrigation for 18.6m each time; topdressing 7 times, each application of 7.4kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =19:8: 27), and 52kg/667m of fertilizer is fertilized altogether2(ii) a Carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting a dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L;
f, water, fertilizer and gas management in fruiting period: irrigation quantity is controlled by 29 m/667 m through water, fertilizer and gas integrated efficient coupling irrigation device23 times of irrigation, 4-5 days of irrigation and 9.67 m/667 m of irrigation each time2(ii) a Topdressing for 3 times, each time applying 4kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer (nutrient element ratio is N: P)2O5:K2O =16:8: 34), and 12kg/667m of fertilizer is fertilized altogether2(ii) a And (3) carrying out cyclic aeration on the irrigation water by utilizing water, fertilizer and gas efficient coupling irrigation equipment, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20 mg/L.
The specific time of comparative example 2 is shown in Table 3.
The examples are compared with the comparative examples in tables 4 and 5 below:
the comparison of tables 4 and 5 shows that the integration of water, fertilizer and gas can promote the growth and development of crops, improve the yield and quality and improve the utilization efficiency of the water and nutrients of the crops.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air control method for greenhouse cucumbers is characterized in that a water and gas coupling technology is added on the basis of water and fertilizer integration, and the irrigation and the fertilization of crops are accurately and scientifically controlled, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a, field planting: transplanting cucumber seedlings, covering black mulching films with the width of 1m, wherein the plant spacing is 35-45 cm, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, a drip irrigation pipeline is laid between two cucumbers, drippers of the drip irrigation pipeline are buried at the depth of 15cm underground, one drip irrigation pipeline controls the irrigation of two rows of cucumbers, and the appropriate dripper flow of the drip irrigation pipeline is selected according to soil properties;
b, field planting water, fertilizer and gas management: 6m of planting water3/667m2Carrying out cyclic aeration on the planting water, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20-30 mg/L;
c, water, fertilizer and gas management in the seedling stage: the seedling stage duration of the cucumber is 20-30 d, the temperature is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ in the nighttime and the soil humidity in the seedling stage is preferably 60-70%; controlling irrigation quantity to 48m for carrying out dry-top cultivation/667 m2Carrying out irrigation for 4 times, wherein irrigation is carried out once after 5-7 days, and irrigation is carried out for 11-13 m each time; fertilizing once after the seedling stage is finished, and applying 5-7 kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer;
d, water, fertilizer and gas management in the flowering and fruit setting period: the duration of the flowering and fruit setting period of the cucumber is 10-25 d, and the temperature is controlled in the daytimeControlling the temperature at 20-25 ℃ at 12-16 ℃ at night; controlling irrigation quantity 73m for carrying out dry harvest/667 m2Carrying out irrigation for 4 times, wherein the irrigation is carried out once after 5-7 days, and the irrigation is carried out 17-19 m each time; topdressing is carried out for 4 times, and 5-7 kg/667m of topdressing is applied every time2Water soluble compound fertilizer; carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20-30 mg/L;
e, water, fertilizer and gas management in the melon stage: the duration time of the cucumber full-bearing period is 20-35 d, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, and is controlled to be 16-18 ℃ at night; controlling irrigation quantity 138m for carrying out dry-top-bottom-shifting/667 m2Carrying out irrigation for 7 times, carrying out irrigation once in 5-7 days, and carrying out irrigation for 25-28 m each time; topdressing is carried out for 7 times, and each application is 5-7 kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer; carrying out cyclic aeration on irrigation water, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 25-35 mg/L;
f, water, fertilizer and gas management in fruiting period: the duration of the fruiting period of the cucumber is 10-15 d, and the irrigation amount is controlled to be 28 m/667 m2Carrying out irrigation for 3 times, carrying out irrigation for 5-7 days, and carrying out irrigation for 8-10 m each time; topdressing for 3 times, applying 5-7 kg/667m2Water soluble compound fertilizer; and carrying out cyclic aeration on the irrigation water, and setting the dissolved oxygen value to be 20-30 mg/L.
2. The method for controlling the water, fertilizer and air of the greenhouse cucumbers with high yield and high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature in the step a is as follows: the lowest night temperature is higher than 5 ℃, and the soil temperature at the position of 0-10 cm underground is higher than 12 ℃.
3. The high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air-conditioning method for greenhouse cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble compound fertilizer in the steps c and d has the following nutrient elements in percentage by mass: p2O5：K2O=20：20：20。
4. The high-yield and high-efficiency water-fertilizer air-control method for greenhouse cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble compound fertilizer in the step e comprises the following nutrient elements in percentage by mass: p2O5：K2O=19：8：27。
5. The method of claim 1A high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer air-conditioning method for greenhouse cucumbers is characterized in that the water-soluble compound fertilizer in the step f comprises the following nutrient elements in percentage by mass: p2O5：K2O=16：8：34。
6. The method for controlling the water, fertilizer and gas of the greenhouse cucumbers with high yield and high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization times are controlled to be decomposed according to the nutrition requirement degree of the crops in different growth stages according to a single fertilization amount, and water, fertilizer and gas are delivered to the roots of the crops through water, fertilizer and gas integrated irrigation equipment.
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