CN113185747A - 一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113185747A
CN113185747A CN202110512354.4A CN202110512354A CN113185747A CN 113185747 A CN113185747 A CN 113185747A CN 202110512354 A CN202110512354 A CN 202110512354A CN 113185747 A CN113185747 A CN 113185747A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
preparing
parts
polyimide foam
foam material
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202110512354.4A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN113185747B (zh
Inventor
丁泽
卢小莲
柴鲜花
杨大磊
史建超
刘方辉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guizhou Aerospace Tianma Electrical Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guizhou Aerospace Tianma Electrical Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guizhou Aerospace Tianma Electrical Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Guizhou Aerospace Tianma Electrical Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202110512354.4A priority Critical patent/CN113185747B/zh
Publication of CN113185747A publication Critical patent/CN113185747A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113185747B publication Critical patent/CN113185747B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • C08J9/0071—Nanosized fillers, i.e. having at least one dimension below 100 nanometers
    • C08J9/008—Nanoparticles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/142—Compounds containing oxygen but no halogen atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
    • C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
    • C08J9/145—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only chlorine as halogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/10—Water or water-releasing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/12—Organic compounds only containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, e.g. ketone or alcohol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
    • C08J2203/142—Halogenated saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H3C-CF3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
    • C08J2205/10—Rigid foams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
    • C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36—Silica
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于硬质塑料泡沫制备技术领域，具体涉及一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法；通过在制备聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的原料中添加超细无机粒子作为Pickering乳化剂，可提高反应原料混合的均匀性，从而使黑白料的反应更加完全，能增强聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的耐热性、提高阻燃性能和力学强度。此外，本申请还应用了体积可变的模具，不仅使泡沫的密度可调，还可以提高成品率10‑20％，极大降低了成本。

Description

一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于硬质塑料泡沫制备技术领域，具体涉及一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法。
背景技术
硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫是分子主链中含有酰亚胺环结构的高分子闭孔泡沫材料，具有优异的隔热保温、环保无毒、自阻燃、力学强度、吸声、耐高低温、耐辐射和耐腐蚀等性能。硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫在发达国家已作为保温隔热和结构增强材料广泛应用于航空航天、舰船等邻域，但其在国内的产业化应用发展较晚，且进展缓慢。近年来，国外已经将民用的聚酰亚胺泡沫材料出口到我国，但价格昂贵，约2-3万元/m3，并且对于军事和高科技领域所急需的高端产品，国外对我国还处于禁销状态。
Pickering乳化法指的是以超细固体颗粒作为乳化剂而得到混合均匀乳状液的方法，将此方法应用于聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备中可减少甚至消除有机表面活性剂的使用，有利于提高泡沫材料的阻燃性、硬度、强度等性能。本发明中将Pickering乳化剂直接用于黑白料的配置有利于各组分之间的均匀混合，提高了其他不相容组分之间的相容性。同时本发明创新性的在聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的生产中用到了体积可变模具，这有利于调控泡沫的密度；相对于自由发泡的模具，此模具所生产泡沫顶部的四个角不会呈现圆弧状，这能够将泡沫的成品率提高10％-20％，降低了生产制造成本。
申请号为CN201910976903.6的专利文件公开了一种聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其是先采用Pickering乳液悬浮聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺热膨胀微球，微球以不饱和烯烃类单体及交联剂为外壳材料、以低沸点烷烃发泡剂为芯材，将所制得的热膨胀微球热压发泡成型即可得到聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫塑料。其是直接进行发泡，省去了研磨步骤，在模具中成型可以一次性获得聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫材料。但聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫的耐高温性能远不如聚酰亚胺泡沫。
申请号为CN201711305372.5的专利文件公开了一种异氰酸酯基聚酰亚胺硬质泡沫的制备方法，其是以芳香二酐和异氰酸酯为主要原料，经预聚体制备、发泡和高温后处理的工艺得到，通过调节有机锡类催化剂和胺类催化剂的配比得到不同结构与性能的泡沫材料。但是其用到了有机表面活性剂，有机表面活性剂的应用会降低泡沫的阻燃性能。
US6235803中公开了一种通过前驱体微球法制备硬质闭孔聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的方法，其是先通过将预聚体粉末预发泡形成微球中间体，然后置于模具中加热发泡，使微球之间发生交联反应，此方法得到的泡沫闭孔率高、均匀性好，但微球间的交联程度不易控制，因此泡沫力学强度差，掉粉严重。
公开号为CN106751826A的专利文件报道了一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫改性材料，该发明通过将芳香二酐、脂肪醇、溶剂混合反应制备酯化液，再加入催化剂、表面活性剂等得到发泡白料，在异氰酸酯中加入酸酐和磷酸得到发泡黑料，将黑白料混合搅拌后注入模具中自固化成型。通过该方法制备的硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫具有较高的强度、耐温性能好、吸湿率低，可作为结构性材料适用。通过制备方法可知，该材料必然存在有机溶剂大量存留的问题，这将导致材料在使用中会释放大量有机溶剂和其他有机小分子，对人和环境的危害较大。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述问题，提供了一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
采用Pickering乳化法制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料，包括以下步骤：
1、制备前驱体溶液：
将按重量份计的酸酐100份和40-200份极性溶剂混合，以滴液漏斗慢速滴入2-45份含羟基小分子化合物，混合加热，温度保持在40-100℃，搅拌反应得到前驱体溶液；反应时间为10-210min，搅拌速度为50-300r/min。
进一步，所述的酸酐为4,4`-(六氟异丙烯)二酞酸酐、3,3',4,4'-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2`-二羟基二苯甲酮-3,3`,4,4`-四羧酸二酐、2,5-二氟苯甲酸二酐、2,5-二氯苯甲酸二酐、3,3',4,4'-联苯基砜四羧基二酐、均苯四甲酸二酐、2,2-二[4-(3,4-苯氧基苯基)]丙烷二酐(双酚A型二酸二酐)、2,2`,5,5`-四氟-3,3`,4,4`-二苯醚四酸酐、2,6-二溴萘-1,4,5,8-四羧酸二酐等酸酐中的一种或几种的混合物。
进一步，所述的极性溶剂为丙酮、正丁醚、二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、环己烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、二甲基亚砜、三氯甲烷中的一种或几种的混合物。
进一步，所述的含羟基小分子化合物是甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇丁醚、乙二醇乙醚、乙二醇、羟基乙酸、二羟基丁酸、丙三醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇中的一种或几种的混合物。
2、制备发泡白料：
在步骤(1)得到的前驱体溶液中加入按重量份计的催化剂1-30份、交联剂1-35份、发泡剂1-45份和Pickering乳化剂2-30份，交联剂的加入方式为滴液漏斗慢速滴入，经搅拌速度为3000-22000r/min的高速搅拌5-90min乳化得到发泡白料；其中，Pickering乳化剂需提前采用功率为80-200W的超声波处理1-30min，使乳化剂分散于极性溶剂中。
进一步，所述的催化剂为三乙烯二胺、四甲基乙二胺、二甲基环己胺、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-甲基咪唑、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡、油酸钾、辛酸亚锡、异辛酸钾中的一种或几种的混合物。
进一步，所述的发泡剂为戊烷、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二甲醚、水、偶氮二甲酰胺中的一种或几种的混合物。
进一步，所述的Pickering乳化剂为超细石墨片、超细石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、纳米氮化硅、纳米碳化硅、纳米碳酸钙、纳米氧化锆、纳米二氧化钛中的一种或几种的混合物。
进一步，所述的超细石墨片、超细石墨烯、氧化石墨烯为单层片材，炭黑和其他微纳米颗粒的粒径在50-800nm范围内。
3、制备发泡黑料：
将按重量份计的异氰酸酯50-300份、Pickering乳化剂5-40份、酸酐1-30份混合，以5000-25000r/min的速度搅拌，搅拌时间为10-120min，同时辅以功率为100-500W的超声处理10-120min，乳化得到发泡黑料。
进一步，所述的异氰酸酯为2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲基环己基二异氰酸酯、多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯等中的一种或几种的混合物。
4、制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料：
将步骤(2)得到的发泡白料与步骤(3)得到的发泡黑料混合，搅拌速度为1000转/分钟-2500转/分钟，搅拌时间6秒-30秒。
倒入模具中发泡，在室温下静置5-90min后，再置于烘箱中加热固化，固化温度为180-300℃，固化时间为60-330min，即得到硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料。
进一步，所述的模具尺寸为0.6m×0.6m×1m，模具上方具有可浮动平板，平板上放置重量可变的重物，其重量在0kg-100kg范围内，模具四周上部位置及浮板上有大量气孔，气孔孔径在0.05mm-2.0mm范围内，模具示意图如图1所示。
综上所述，本发明的有益效果在于：本发明通过在制备聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的原料中添加超细无机粒子作为Pickering乳化剂，可提高反应原料混合的均匀性，从而使黑白料的反应更加完全，能增强聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的耐热性、提高阻燃性能和力学强度，制得的硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料具有良好的阻燃防火性能、力学性能、耐高低温等优异性能，能够作为结构件应用于舰船潜艇、航天航空、轨道交通工具保温等领域。由化学反应的基本原理可知，使用羟基小分子化合物有利于降低反应所需能垒，与羟基大分子化合物相比更加容易反应。此外，本申请还应用了体积可变的模具，不仅使泡沫的密度可调，还可以提高成品率10-20％，极大降低了成本，产品尺寸统一、表面平整、产品的利用率高，适合大批量进行生产。本方法不含有机表面活性剂，制备得到的聚酰亚胺泡沫材料具有耐高温、高阻燃、高硬度等优异性能，易于大规模量产，可广泛应用于舰船潜艇、航空航天、轨道交通、远洋运输油轮货船和高端建筑等领域。
附图说明
图1为模具示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式，任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替，仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
采用Pickering乳化法制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料，实例原料配方如表1所示，包括如下操作步骤：
1、通过将酸酐、极性溶剂、含羟基小分子化合物混合加热搅拌反应制备前驱体溶液。
2、在前驱体溶液中加入催化剂、交联剂、发泡剂、Pickering乳化剂并高速搅拌乳化得到发泡白料；
3、通过将异氰酸酯、Pickering乳化剂(与步骤1中等量)、酸酐(为步骤1中酸酐重量的25％)混合并高速搅拌乳化得到发泡黑料；
4、将黑白料混合搅拌后，倒入模具中发泡，放好浮板与重物，室温下静置一段时间后，再置于烘箱中加热固化得到硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料。
在步骤1中所述制备前驱体的反应温度为60℃，反应时间为1.2小时，搅拌速度180转/分钟。
在步骤2中所述白料高速搅拌乳化速度15000转/分钟，乳化时间为5分钟，Pickering乳化剂使用超声波分散于极性溶剂中的超声功率为150W，超声时间20分钟。
在步骤3中所述黑料乳化搅拌速度为17000转/分钟，超声功率为260W，乳化及超声时间30分钟。
在步骤4中所述黑白料混合搅拌速度为1500转/分钟，搅拌时间10秒。
在步骤4中所述模具浮板上的重物重量为50kg，室温静置时间为20分钟，烘箱加热温度为260℃，加热时间为3.0小时。
表1实施例1原料配方
Figure BDA0003060778570000051
Figure BDA0003060778570000061
实施例2
采用Pickering乳化法制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的配方如表2所示，操作步骤与实施例1不同之处在于：
在步骤2中所述白料高速搅拌乳化速度19000转/分钟。
在步骤3中所述黑料乳化搅拌速度为21000转/分钟。
在步骤4中所述模具浮板上的重物重量为80kg。
在步骤4中所述烘箱加热温度为290℃。
表2实施例2原料配方
Figure BDA0003060778570000062
实施例3
采用Pickering乳化法制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的配方如表3所示，操作步骤与实施例1不同之处在于：
在步骤1中所述制备前驱体的反应温度为80℃。
在步骤4中所述模具浮板上的重物重量为20kg。
表3实施例3原料配方
Figure BDA0003060778570000063
实施例4
采用Pickering乳化法制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的配方如表4所示，操作步骤与实施例1不同之处在于：
在步骤2中所述白料高速搅拌乳化时间为10分钟。
在步骤4中所述烘箱加热温度为220℃。
表4
Figure BDA0003060778570000071
实施例5
采用Pickering乳化法制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的配方如表5所示，操作步骤与实施例1不同之处在于：
在步骤4中所述黑白料混合搅拌速度为2000转/分钟。
在步骤4中所述模具浮板上的重物重量为10kg。
表5实施例5原料配方
Figure BDA0003060778570000072
一、聚酰亚胺泡沫材料性能测试
对实施例1-5所制得的硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料进行表观密度、拉伸强度、压缩强度、极限氧指数和导热系数的测定，结果如表6所示。
Figure BDA0003060778570000073
Figure BDA0003060778570000081
由检测结果可知，本发明所制备的硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料具有密度可调、力学性能良好、阻燃性能优异、导热系数低等性能。

Claims (10)

1.一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的制备方法为Pickering乳化法，包括以下步骤：制备前驱体溶液、制备发泡白料、制备发泡黑料和制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的前驱体溶液，按重量份计，由以下原料制成：酸酐100份、极性溶剂40-200份、含羟基小分子化合物2-45份。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的含羟基小分子化合物，是甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇丁醚、乙二醇乙醚、乙二醇、羟基乙酸、二羟基丁酸、丙三醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇中的一种或几种的混合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的发泡黑料，按重量份计，由以下原料制成：异氰酸酯50-300份、Pickering乳化剂5-40份、酸酐1-30份。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的Pickering乳化剂为：超细石墨片、超细石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、纳米氮化硅、纳米碳化硅、纳米碳酸钙、纳米氧化锆、纳米二氧化钛中的一种或几种的混合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的超细石墨片、超细石墨烯、氧化石墨烯为单层片材，炭黑和其他微纳米颗粒的粒径在50-800nm范围内。
7.如权利要求1-4所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，具体步骤为：
(1)制备前驱体溶液：将酸酐、极性溶剂和含羟基小分子化合物混合加热搅拌反应得到前驱体溶液；
(2)制备发泡白料：在步骤(1)得到的前驱体溶液中加入按重量份计的催化剂1-30份、交联剂1-35份、发泡剂1-45份和Pickering乳化剂2-30份，经高速搅拌乳化得到发泡白料；其中，Pickering乳化剂需提前采用功率为80-200W的超声波处理1-30min，使乳化剂分散于极性溶剂中；
(3)制备发泡黑料：将异氰酸酯、Pickering乳化剂、酸酐混合，高速搅拌，同时辅以功率为100-500W的超声处理10-120min，乳化得到发泡黑料；
(4)制备硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料：将步骤(2)得到的发泡白料与步骤(3)得到的发泡黑料混合，倒入模具中发泡，在室温下静置5-90min后，再置于烘箱中加热固化，固化温度为180-300℃，固化时间为60-330min，即得到硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的含羟基的小分子化合物，其加入方式为采用滴液漏斗滴入，反应温度保持在40-100℃，反应时间为10-210min，搅拌速度为50-300r/min。
9.如权利要求7所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤(2)中的高速搅拌，其搅拌速度为3000-22000r/min，搅拌时间为5-90min；所述步骤(3)中的高速搅拌，其搅拌速度为5000-25000r/min，搅拌时间为10-120min。
10.如权利要求7所述的一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤(4)中采用的模具，尺寸为0.6m×0.6m×1m，模具上方具有可浮动平板，平板上放置重量可变的重物，其重量在0kg-100kg范围内，模具四周上部位置及浮板上有大量气孔，气孔孔径在0.05mm-2.0mm范围内。
CN202110512354.4A 2021-05-11 2021-05-11 一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法 Active CN113185747B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110512354.4A CN113185747B (zh) 2021-05-11 2021-05-11 一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110512354.4A CN113185747B (zh) 2021-05-11 2021-05-11 一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113185747A true CN113185747A (zh) 2021-07-30
CN113185747B CN113185747B (zh) 2022-07-05

Family

ID=76981186

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110512354.4A Active CN113185747B (zh) 2021-05-11 2021-05-11 一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113185747B (zh)

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0048119A2 (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-24 I M L Corporation Methods of preparing polyimides and artifacts composed thereof
US4923907A (en) * 1989-02-21 1990-05-08 Sorrento Engineering, Inc. Method of making porous inorganic particle filled polyimide foam insulation products
JPH07109372A (ja) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-25 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 発泡成形体の製造方法
JP2004161830A (ja) * 2002-11-11 2004-06-10 Murata Mfg Co Ltd ポリイミド前駆体ペーストの製造方法、およびポリイミド前駆体ペースト並びにこれを用いたポリイミド膜
CN101130632A (zh) * 2007-08-08 2008-02-27 北京航空航天大学 一种聚酰亚胺泡沫原位填充蜂窝复合材料
US20080269457A1 (en) * 2006-04-11 2008-10-30 Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation Process For Producing Polyimide Fine Particle
US20090054540A1 (en) * 2007-08-24 2009-02-26 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Cyanate-Based, Carbon-Dioxide-Filled Structured Foams and Method for Their Production
US20110124806A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-26 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Dimensionally stable polyimides, and methods relating thereto
US20110240904A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2011-10-06 The Ohio State University Research Foundation Surfactant-free synthesis and foaming of liquid blowing agent-containing activated carbon-nano/microparticulate polymer composites
CN104829835A (zh) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-12 哈尔滨工程大学 一种异氰酸酯基聚酰亚胺泡沫的制备方法
US20160060414A1 (en) * 2013-04-16 2016-03-03 Solvay Specialty Polymers Usa, Llc Thermoformed foam articles
CN106751826A (zh) * 2017-01-17 2017-05-31 自贡中天胜新材料科技有限公司 一种增强增韧自固化硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫及其制备方法
CN107778483A (zh) * 2017-10-27 2018-03-09 广州市朴道联信生物科技有限公司 一种生产聚合物泡沫的方法与一种夹层泡沫
US20180141015A1 (en) * 2015-07-28 2018-05-24 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Pickering emulsion and method of preparing the same
WO2018236003A1 (ko) * 2017-06-19 2018-12-27 연세대학교 원주산학협력단 폴리이미드 입자를 이용한 피커링 에멀젼 조성물 및 이의 제조방법
CN111087634A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-05-01 广东省石油与精细化工研究院 一种纳米复合的多孔聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法
CN112126106A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2020-12-25 贵州航天天马机电科技有限公司 一种高密度硬质阻燃聚酰亚胺泡沫材料及其制备方法

Patent Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0048119A2 (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-24 I M L Corporation Methods of preparing polyimides and artifacts composed thereof
US4923907A (en) * 1989-02-21 1990-05-08 Sorrento Engineering, Inc. Method of making porous inorganic particle filled polyimide foam insulation products
JPH07109372A (ja) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-25 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 発泡成形体の製造方法
JP2004161830A (ja) * 2002-11-11 2004-06-10 Murata Mfg Co Ltd ポリイミド前駆体ペーストの製造方法、およびポリイミド前駆体ペースト並びにこれを用いたポリイミド膜
US20080269457A1 (en) * 2006-04-11 2008-10-30 Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation Process For Producing Polyimide Fine Particle
CN101130632A (zh) * 2007-08-08 2008-02-27 北京航空航天大学 一种聚酰亚胺泡沫原位填充蜂窝复合材料
US20090054540A1 (en) * 2007-08-24 2009-02-26 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Cyanate-Based, Carbon-Dioxide-Filled Structured Foams and Method for Their Production
US20110240904A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2011-10-06 The Ohio State University Research Foundation Surfactant-free synthesis and foaming of liquid blowing agent-containing activated carbon-nano/microparticulate polymer composites
US20110124806A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-26 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Dimensionally stable polyimides, and methods relating thereto
US20160060414A1 (en) * 2013-04-16 2016-03-03 Solvay Specialty Polymers Usa, Llc Thermoformed foam articles
CN104829835A (zh) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-12 哈尔滨工程大学 一种异氰酸酯基聚酰亚胺泡沫的制备方法
US20180141015A1 (en) * 2015-07-28 2018-05-24 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Pickering emulsion and method of preparing the same
CN106751826A (zh) * 2017-01-17 2017-05-31 自贡中天胜新材料科技有限公司 一种增强增韧自固化硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫及其制备方法
WO2018236003A1 (ko) * 2017-06-19 2018-12-27 연세대학교 원주산학협력단 폴리이미드 입자를 이용한 피커링 에멀젼 조성물 및 이의 제조방법
US20200078753A1 (en) * 2017-06-19 2020-03-12 University Industry Foundation, Yonsei University Wonju Campus Pickering emulsion composition using polyimide particles and preparation method thereof
CN107778483A (zh) * 2017-10-27 2018-03-09 广州市朴道联信生物科技有限公司 一种生产聚合物泡沫的方法与一种夹层泡沫
CN111087634A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-05-01 广东省石油与精细化工研究院 一种纳米复合的多孔聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法
CN112126106A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2020-12-25 贵州航天天马机电科技有限公司 一种高密度硬质阻燃聚酰亚胺泡沫材料及其制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SONG, IN-HO，等: "Polyimide-Based PolyHIPEs Prepared via Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsions", 《POLYMERS》 *
张智慧等: "Pickering乳液在功能高分子中的应用研究进展", 《胶体与聚合物》 *
黄思玉等: "碳酸钙对聚酰亚胺亚胺化程度的影响", 《广西师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113185747B (zh) 2022-07-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101812232B (zh) 一种聚酰亚胺泡沫塑料及其制备方法
CN107540839B (zh) 一种轻质吸声隔热聚酰亚胺泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN101463120B (zh) 一种制备聚氨酯酰亚胺泡沫材料的方法
CN103275319A (zh) 聚酰亚胺泡沫塑料及其制备方法
CN111793237B (zh) 一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的生产方法
CN102964834B (zh) 一种耐高温高抗压缩交联型聚酰亚胺类泡沫材料及其制备方法与应用
CN107540841B (zh) 一种硬质闭孔聚酰亚胺泡沫的制备方法
CN110655790A (zh) 一种聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的生产方法
Liu et al. Preparation and performance of a novel polyimide foam
CN102942668A (zh) 一种填充功能填料的聚酰亚胺复合泡沫材料制备方法
CN109880096B (zh) 聚酰亚胺泡沫及其制备方法和应用
CN109929107B (zh) 一种含尖劈空洞结构的聚酰亚胺吸声泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN111621104B (zh) 聚氯乙烯泡沫及其制备方法
CN111592649A (zh) 一种低导热聚酰亚胺泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN108948409A (zh) 一种吸声聚酰亚胺泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN104559201B (zh) 一种聚酰亚胺与有机硅复合泡沫材料的制备方法
CN111647266A (zh) 一种聚氨酯发泡材料及制备方法
Ni et al. Investigation of the properties and structure of semi-rigid closed-cellular polyimide foams with different diamine structures
CN113185747B (zh) 一种硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法
CN105461895A (zh) 组合聚醚、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫及其原料组合物和制备方法
CN106751826B (zh) 一种增强增韧自固化硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫及其制备方法
Mahmoud et al. Fabrication of castor oil-derived polyurethane mortar composites with energy saving and sound absorption characteristics
CN112126106B (zh) 一种高密度硬质阻燃聚酰亚胺泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN115010925B (zh) 一种互锁双网络结构聚酰亚胺泡沫材料及制备方法和应用
CN114395158B (zh) 一种低密度、耐高温、高均匀闭孔硬质聚酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant