CN113174275B - 一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法 - Google Patents

一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法 Download PDF

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CN113174275B
CN113174275B CN202110481822.6A CN202110481822A CN113174275B CN 113174275 B CN113174275 B CN 113174275B CN 202110481822 A CN202110481822 A CN 202110481822A CN 113174275 B CN113174275 B CN 113174275B
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徐德亨
闫伟峰
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Weifang Shida Changsheng Energy Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法,所述方法包括切割、加氢异构、加氢精制、常压精馏、减压精馏。本发明采用煤基费托合成蜡制备得到III+润滑油基础油,饱和度达99%,粘度指数为130‑145,产品倾点为‑18~‑25℃,硫含量不高于5ppm;本发明采用煤基费托合成蜡制备得到III+润滑油基础油,总收率为95%;本发明采用煤基费托合成蜡制备得到III+润滑油基础油,闪点(开口)℃不低于180‑240℃,密度为780‑820 kg/m3,运动粘度(100℃)为2.5‑8.5mm2/s。

Description

一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法,属于化工技术领域。
背景技术
现有工艺技术采用全馏分物料进行异构降凝后生产制备润滑油基础油的方法,具体操作为费托合成蜡进入加氢精制反应器经过加氢脱硫脱氮以后,将小于320℃组分从分馏塔顶馏出,大于320℃组分进入异构降凝反应器进行异构化反应,异构化反应产物进入后加氢精制反应器经过加氢饱和后进入蒸馏塔(减压塔)进一步分离出各种牌号的基础油馏分。
现有技术存在的不足和缺陷:1、现有技术全馏分费托合成蜡进入加氢反应系统,为了使加氢异构反应器出口产品倾点合格(低于-15℃)势必要提高加氢异构反应温度,反应系统温度过高会导致前馏分发生裂化反应从而降低基础油的收率,导致基础油收率偏低。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法,实现以下发明目的:
1、提高基础油收率;
2、生产满足III+基础油产品,饱和烃大于90%,粘度指数大于130。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采取以下技术方案:
一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法,所述方法包括切割、加氢异构、加氢精制、常压精馏、减压精馏。
以下是对上述技术方案的进一步改进:
所述切割,将煤基费托合成蜡进行精馏,将馏程为470℃之前的组分和470℃之后的组分进行切割。
所述切割,收集馏程为120-470℃的组分进行加氢异构处理。
所述切割,将煤基费托合成蜡加入分馏塔中,进料位置为分馏塔中下部,进料温度为318-322℃,进料速度为75-85吨/小时;分馏塔的塔顶压力为29-32kpa,塔顶温度为78-82℃,塔底温度为347-351℃;将馏程为120-470℃的组分从塔侧线收集,塔侧线的出料温度为328-332℃。
所述煤基费托合成蜡,倾点为38-42℃,密度为830-840 kg/m3,初馏点为286-288℃,10%的馏点为296-298℃,30%的馏点为386-388℃;50%的馏点为436-438℃;70%的馏点为509-511℃;90%的馏点为577-579℃,95%的馏点为649-651℃,终馏点为719-721℃。
所述加氢异构,反应器压力12-14兆帕,反应器入口温度328-332℃,出口温度334-336℃,进料速度为40-50吨/小时;空速为1.1-1.3/h,氢油比为1200:0.9-1.1(质量比);催化剂型号为SLD-821。
所述加氢异构,经过加氢异构后的产物的倾点降低至-29~-32℃。
所述加氢精制,加氢异构的产物降温至228-232℃,进入加氢精制固定床反应器B中,进料速度为40-50吨/小时,出口温度234-236℃,反应器压力12-14兆帕;空速为1.1-1.3/h,氢油比为1200: 0.9-1.1(质量比);催化剂型号为LN-6。
所述常压精馏,塔顶压力29-31KPa,塔底温度348-352℃。
所述减压精馏,塔顶压力-96~-98KPa,塔底温度447-452℃,从第一侧线、第二侧线、第三侧线分别出料得到三种润滑油基础油的粗产品;塔底出料得到一种润滑油基础油的粗产品。
所述方法还包括汽提;所述汽提,压力为0.9-1.1MPa,温度398-402℃。
本发明通过控制切割、加氢异构、加氢精制的工艺来提高产品粘度指数,可以避免高温导致前馏程裂化严重现象,从而整体上提高基础油收率。
与现有技术相比,本发明取得以下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用煤基费托合成蜡制备得到III+润滑油基础油,饱和度达99%,粘度指数为130-145,产品倾点为-18~-25℃,硫含量不高于5ppm。
(2)本发明采用煤基费托合成蜡制备得到III+润滑油基础油,总收率为95%。
(3)本发明采用煤基费托合成蜡制备得到III+润滑油基础油,闪点(开口)℃不低于180-240℃,密度为780-820 kg/m3,运动粘度(100℃)为2.5-8.5mm2/s;
其中,2cst基础油的密度为780-790 kg/m3,4cst基础油的密度为790-800 kg/m3,6cst基础油的密度为800-805 kg/m3,8cst基础油的密度为810-820 kg/m3,2cst基础油的运动粘度(100℃)为2.5-3.0mm2/s,4cst基础油的运动粘度(100℃)为3.5-4.2mm2/s,6cst基础油的运动粘度(100℃)为5.5-6.5mm2/s,8cst基础油的运动粘度(100℃)为7.5-8.5mm2/s。
具体实施方式
实施例1一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法
包括以下步骤:
(1)切割
将煤基费托合成蜡进行切割处理,将470℃前组分和470℃之后组分进行切割。
具体操作为:将煤基费托合成蜡加入分馏塔中,进料位置为分馏塔中下部,十二层塔盘处,进料温度为320℃,进料速度为80吨/小时;分馏塔的塔顶压力为30kpa,塔顶温度为80℃,塔底温度为350℃;将馏程为120-470℃的组分从塔侧线收集,塔侧线的出料温度为330℃。
所述原料煤基费托合成蜡的指标见表1。
表1
Figure 377484DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(2)加氢异构
步骤1的侧线出料进入加氢异构固定床反应器A中,反应器压力13兆帕,反应器入口温度330℃,出口温度335℃,进料速度为45吨/小时;空速为1.2/h,氢油比为1200:1(质量比);催化剂型号为SLD-821,催化剂负载在固定床反应器中。
经过加氢异构后的产物的倾点降低至-30℃。
(3)加氢精制
将步骤2的产物降温至230℃,进入加氢精制固定床反应器B中,进料速度为45吨/小时,出口温度235℃,反应器压力13兆帕;空速为1.2/h,氢油比为1200:1(质量比);催化剂型号为LN-6,催化剂负载在固定床反应器中。
(4)常压精馏
步骤3的产物进入分馏塔中,塔顶压力30KPa,塔底温度350℃,进行常压精馏;
塔底收集物料进行减压精馏。
(5)减压精馏
在减压塔内进行减压精馏,塔顶压力-97KPa,塔底温度450℃,从第一侧线、第二侧线、第三侧线分别出料得到2cst、4cst、6cst润滑油基础油的粗产品;塔底出料得到8cst润滑油基础油的粗产品;
第一侧线的出料温度为210℃;第二侧线的出料温度为270℃,第三侧线的出料温度为330℃,塔底出料的温度为450℃。
(6)汽提
上述2cst、4cst、6cst、8cst润滑油基础油的粗产品进入各自的产品汽提塔,通过使过热蒸汽(压力1.0MPa,温度400℃)汽提后将混合到各基础油中的轻组分经塔顶汽提出去,得到更加纯净的基础油产品。
制备的润滑油基础油的指标见表2。
表2
Figure 29045DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
2cst、4cst、6cst、 8cst均是III+基础油。
除非特殊说明,本发明采用的比例均为质量比例,采用的百分比均为质量百分比。

Claims (2)

1.一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括切割、加氢异构、加氢精制、常压精馏、减压精馏;
所述切割,将煤基费托合成蜡进行精馏,将馏程为470℃之前的组分和470℃之后的组分进行切割;
所述切割,收集馏程为120-470℃的组分进行加氢异构处理;
所述煤基费托合成蜡,倾点为38-42℃,密度为830-840 kg/m3,初馏点为286-288℃,10%的馏点为296-298℃,30%的馏点为386-388℃;50%的馏点为436-438℃;70%的馏点为509-511℃;90%的馏点为577-579℃,95%的馏点为649-651℃,终馏点为719-721℃;
所述加氢异构,反应器压力12-14兆帕,反应器入口温度328-332℃,出口温度334-336℃,进料速度为40-50吨/小时;空速为1.1-1.3/h,氢油比为1200:0.9-1.1(质量比);催化剂型号为SLD-821;
所述加氢异构,经过加氢异构后的产物的倾点降低至-29~-32℃;
所述加氢精制,加氢异构的产物降温至228-232℃,进入加氢精制固定床反应器B中,进料速度为40-50吨/小时,出口温度234-236℃,反应器压力12-14兆帕;空速为1.1-1.3/h,氢油比为1200: 0.9-1.1(质量比);催化剂型号为LN-6;
所述常压精馏,塔顶压力29-31KPa,塔底温度348-352℃;
所述减压精馏,塔顶压力-96~-98KPa,塔底温度447-452℃,从第一侧线、第二侧线、第三侧线分别出料得到2cst、4cst、6cst润滑油基础油的粗产品;塔底出料得到8cst润滑油基础油的粗产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种煤基费托合成蜡制备润滑油基础油的方法,其特征在于:所述方法还包括汽提;所述汽提,压力为0.9-1.1MPa,温度398-402℃。
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