CN113170843A - Bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of sea urchin - Google Patents
Bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of sea urchin Download PDFInfo
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- CN113170843A CN113170843A CN202110578677.3A CN202110578677A CN113170843A CN 113170843 A CN113170843 A CN 113170843A CN 202110578677 A CN202110578677 A CN 202110578677A CN 113170843 A CN113170843 A CN 113170843A
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of sea urchins, which is prepared by uniformly mixing glutinous rice flour, kelp powder, fish meal, dried small shrimp powder, silkworm chrysalis powder and water to prepare thick slurry, filling gluten gaps with the thick slurry, pressing the thick slurry into sheets and baking the sheets to prepare a material; adding boiling water into cassava starch, mixing, cooling, adding banana puree, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, compound mineral, premix and additive, mixing to obtain slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of the material, and drying to obtain semi-finished product; stirring sodium alginate, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, glycerol, fish oil and water uniformly to obtain casing solution, filtering, and degassing to obtain degassing liquid; pouring the degassed liquid into a container to make the semi-finished product surface uniformly covered with degassed liquid, and adding CaCl2Soaking in the solution to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface coating; and then the semi-finished product with the film coated on the surface is put into a constant temperature and humidity drying box for drying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed for culturing sea urchins, in particular to a bionic artificial feed for promoting the growth of sea urchins.
Background
Sea urchin belongs to echinodermata, phylum nomacantha and class echinodermata, and the gonad of sea urchin has high edible value and is now an important economic breeding species in China, and bait is an extremely important factor influencing the growth of sea urchin. Sea urchins mostly take algae such as kelp, undaria pinnatifida and ulva as main ingestion objects, but the natural bait for cultivating the sea urchins is lack due to the fact that the harvest season of the kelp, the undaria pinnatifida and the like is inconsistent with the cultivation period of the sea urchins and the like are difficult to preserve. Therefore, some farmers can only replace other macroalgae such as sage, Chinese alpine rush and the like, and the macroalgae are lack of nutrition and are not like to eat, so that the growth of the sea urchins is unstable, the gonads of the sea urchins are bitter and astringent, and the quality of the sea urchins is influenced. At present, artificial feed replacing natural bait is available, most of the artificial feed contains high protein such as soybean meal, fat, beta-carotene, vitamins (A, D, E, K, B vitamins), mineral elements (Ca, P, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se), immunopotentiators, phagostimulants, amino acids, phytase, cellulase and other additives, is prepared into granules, has the problem of poor water resistance, and feed residue is easy to dissolve in water, so that a large amount of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like are generated in a culture water body, the growth of sea urchins is seriously influenced, and even the sea urchins can be poisoned and die.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a bionic artificial feed for promoting the growth of sea urchins.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of sea urchins is characterized by being prepared by the following steps in sequence:
step 1: taking fresh bananas and honey, stirring to obtain banana puree, wherein the mass ratio of the bananas to the honey is 2: 0.5;
step 2: mixing and stirring the millet powder into slurry by using warm water at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, cooling by airing, adding the wheat gluten to wash out gluten, putting the gluten into a steamer, steaming for 30min in boiling water, taking out and cooling by airing;
and step 3: uniformly mixing glutinous rice flour, kelp powder, fish meal, dried small shrimp powder, silkworm chrysalis powder and water to prepare thick slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the glutinous rice flour to the kelp powder to the fish meal to the dried small shrimp powder to the silkworm chrysalis powder to the water is 10: 10: 15: 1: 3: 99, filling the gluten gaps with the thick slurry, pressing the thick slurry into a sheet with the thickness of 3-5 cm, and baking the sheet at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 10 hours to prepare a material piece;
and 4, step 4: adding boiling water into cassava starch, mixing, cooling, adding banana puree, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, compound mineral, premix and additive, mixing to obtain slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of a piece of material, and drying at 55 deg.C for 5 hr to obtain semi-finished product; the mass ratio of the cassava starch, the boiling water, the banana puree, the soybean lecithin, the compound vitamin, the compound mineral substance, the premix and the additive is 7: 48: 2.5: 2: 2: 2: 0.5: 6.1025, respectively; the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight of spirulina powder 1, seaweed sulfated polysaccharide 1, chitosan 1, protamine 1, yeast powder 1, astragalus powder 0.5, calcium propionate 0.1, betaine 0.1, glycine 0.1, beta-carotene 0.1, N-glutamic acid 0.1, astaxanthin 0.1 and carnitine 0.0025;
and 5: uniformly stirring sodium alginate with the viscosity of 500 mPas, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, glycerol, fish oil and water to prepare casing solution, wherein each 100ml of the casing solution contains 1.2g of sodium alginate with the viscosity of 500 mPas, 1g of gelatin, 1g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1g of carrageenan, 1g of glycerol, 5g of fish oil and the balance of water;
step 6: placing the casing solution on a 300-mesh stainless steel sieve for filtering to obtain filtrate, degassing the filtrate at vacuum degree of 0.095 MPa for 20min to obtain degassing liquid;
and 7: pouring the degassing liquid into a container to ensure that the surface of the semi-finished product prepared in the step 4 is uniformly covered with the degassing liquid, and then placing the semi-finished product until the mass concentration of CaCl is 4 percent2Soaking in the solution for 20min to obtain semi-finished product with film coated on surface;
and 8: and then putting the semi-finished product with the film coated on the surface into a constant-temperature constant-humidity drying oven, and drying for 4.5 hours at 50 ℃.
The sea urchin nutrition powder is low in price and rich in nutrition, and the sea urchin growth can be effectively promoted by matching of the components. Especially, the flaky finished feed is similar to the shape of kelp, so that the attachment area and the food calling performance are increased, and the sea urchin can be conveniently eaten; the surface film can shield the oxidation of air (oxygen) to the compound feed, is convenient for store and can effectively prolong the quality guarantee time, has stability in water, can slow down the dissolving loss of the feed in the water, reduces the water changing times and saves water resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the average shell diameter of sea urchins of different months of age using the example of the present invention with other baits.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the average shell diameter of sea urchins of different months of age with other baits in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of sea urchins is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: taking fresh bananas and honey, stirring the banana mud by a wall breaking machine, wherein the mass ratio of the bananas to the honey is 2: 0.5;
step 2: mixing millet powder with 60 deg.C warm water, stirring into slurry, cooling, adding wheat gluten to wash out gluten, steaming gluten in a steamer with boiling water for 30min, taking out, and cooling;
and step 3: uniformly mixing glutinous rice flour, kelp powder, fish meal, dried small shrimp powder, silkworm chrysalis powder and water to prepare thick slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the glutinous rice flour to the kelp powder to the fish meal to the dried small shrimp powder to the silkworm chrysalis powder to the water is 10: 10: 15: 1: 3: 99, filling the thick slurry in gluten gaps by adopting a soaking or injecting mode, pressing into a sheet with the thickness of 4cm, and baking for 10 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare a material piece;
and 4, step 4: adding boiling water into cassava starch, mixing, cooling, adding banana puree, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, compound mineral, premix and additive, mixing to obtain slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of a piece of material, and drying at 55 deg.C for 5 hr to obtain semi-finished product; the mass ratio of the cassava starch, the boiling water, the banana puree, the soybean lecithin, the compound vitamin, the compound mineral substance, the premix and the additive is 7: 48: 2.5: 2: 2: 2: 0.5: 6.1025, respectively; the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight of spirulina powder 1, seaweed sulfated polysaccharide 1, chitosan 1, protamine 1, yeast powder 1, astragalus powder 0.5, calcium propionate 0.1, betaine 0.1, glycine 0.1, beta-carotene 0.1, N-glutamic acid 0.1, astaxanthin 0.1 and carnitine 0.0025;
and 5: uniformly stirring sodium alginate with the viscosity of 500 mPas, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, glycerol, fish oil and water to prepare casing solution, wherein each 100ml of the casing solution contains 1.2g of sodium alginate with the viscosity of 500 mPas, 1g of gelatin, 1g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1g of carrageenan, 1g of glycerol, 5g of fish oil and the balance of water;
step 6: placing the casing solution on a 300-mesh stainless steel sieve for filtering to obtain filtrate to remove undissolved residues, placing the filtrate under the vacuum degree of 0.095 MPa for degassing for 20min to remove bubbles in the solution, and preparing degassing liquid;
and 7: pouring the degassing liquid into a container to ensure that the surface of the semi-finished product prepared in the step 4 is uniformly covered with the degassing liquid, and then placing the semi-finished product until the mass concentration of CaCl is 4 percent2Soaking in the solution for 20min to obtain semi-finished product with film coated on surface;
and 8: and then putting the semi-finished product with the film coated on the surface into a constant-temperature constant-humidity drying oven, and drying for 4.5 hours at 50 ℃.
The raw materials used in the embodiment of the invention are purchased from Olaian (Hubei) bioengineering GmbH, and the compound minerals and the compound vitamins and the premix compounds are purchased from Hua livestock commercial GmbH in Xinxiang city.
The feed obtained in the embodiment of the invention is measured, and each kilogram of the feed contains 38.2% of crude protein, 5.32% of crude fat and 23% of crude ash. The added silkworm chrysalis meal, spirulina powder and the like contain nutrient sources which cannot be synthesized by sea urchins and are not easily obtained in nature, so that the growth of the sea urchins is ensured; the chitosan can promote the absorption of calcium by the sea urchins, accelerate the growth rate of the sea urchins shell, enhance the hardness of the sea urchins shell, improve the stress resistance of the sea urchins and further improve the survival rate of the sea urchins; the carnitine can increase the activity of the epidermis on the intestinal tract, promote the growth of the villi of the sea urchin, accelerate the absorption rate of partial nutrient substances, and thus achieve the purpose of promoting the rapid growth of the sea urchin. In addition, Chinese herbal medicines such as astragalus powder and the like are added to improve the immunity of the traditional Chinese medicine, so that the activities of superoxide dismutase and protease are adjusted; the banana and the honey play roles in attracting food and improving the color of the gonad.
Taking the kelp and the ulva in the embodiment of the invention as bait for culturing the sea urchins respectively, and culturing the 6-month-old giant violet sea urchins to 9 months old according to a conventional method. The growth trend of shell diameter and body mass of Strongylocentrotus nudus is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Analysis of variance shows that at the beginning of the experiment, the body mass of the sea urchins under each bait mode has no significant difference (PGreater than 0.05), and the bait mode has very significant influence on the shell diameter and the body quality of the sea urchin at each growth stage of measurement (P<0.01) 。
Claims (1)
1. A bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of sea urchins is characterized by being prepared by the following steps in sequence:
step 1: taking fresh bananas and honey, stirring to obtain banana puree, wherein the mass ratio of the bananas to the honey is 2: 0.5;
step 2: mixing and stirring the millet powder into slurry by using warm water at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, cooling by airing, adding the wheat gluten to wash out gluten, putting the gluten into a steamer, steaming for 30min in boiling water, taking out and cooling by airing;
and step 3: uniformly mixing glutinous rice flour, kelp powder, fish meal, dried small shrimp powder, silkworm chrysalis powder and water to prepare thick slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the glutinous rice flour to the kelp powder to the fish meal to the dried small shrimp powder to the silkworm chrysalis powder to the water is 10: 10: 15: 1: 3: 99, filling the gluten gaps with the thick slurry, pressing the thick slurry into a sheet with the thickness of 3-5 cm, and baking the sheet at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 10 hours to prepare a material piece;
and 4, step 4: adding boiling water into cassava starch, mixing, cooling, adding banana puree, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, compound mineral, premix and additive, mixing to obtain slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of a piece of material, and drying at 55 deg.C for 5 hr to obtain semi-finished product; the mass ratio of the cassava starch, the boiling water, the banana puree, the soybean lecithin, the compound vitamin, the compound mineral substance, the premix and the additive is 7: 48: 2.5: 2: 2: 2: 0.5: 6.1025, respectively; the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight of spirulina powder 1, seaweed sulfated polysaccharide 1, chitosan 1, protamine 1, yeast powder 1, astragalus powder 0.5, calcium propionate 0.1, betaine 0.1, glycine 0.1, beta-carotene 0.1, N-glutamic acid 0.1, astaxanthin 0.1 and carnitine 0.0025;
and 5: uniformly stirring sodium alginate with the viscosity of 500 mPas, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, glycerol, fish oil and water to prepare casing solution, wherein each 100ml of the casing solution contains 1.2g of sodium alginate with the viscosity of 500 mPas, 1g of gelatin, 1g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1g of carrageenan, 1g of glycerol, 5g of fish oil and the balance of water;
step 6: placing the casing solution on a 300-mesh stainless steel sieve for filtering to obtain filtrate, degassing the filtrate at vacuum degree of 0.095 MPa for 20min to obtain degassing liquid;
and 7: pouring the degassing liquid into a container to ensure that the surface of the semi-finished product prepared in the step 4 is uniformly covered with the degassing liquid, and then placing the semi-finished product until the mass concentration of CaCl is 4 percent2Soaking in the solution for 20min to obtain semi-finished product with film coated on surface;
and 8: and then putting the semi-finished product with the film coated on the surface into a constant-temperature constant-humidity drying oven, and drying for 4.5 hours at 50 ℃.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113678957A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-23 | 大连海洋大学 | Artificial kelp for feeding sea urchin ball and preparation method thereof |
CN114468180A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-13 | 沈阳工业大学 | Preparation method of bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of litopenaeus vannamei |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05276880A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-26 | Hakodate Suisan Tanpaku Kako Kk | Artificial feed for culuturing sea urchin |
JPH07231734A (en) * | 1994-02-23 | 1995-09-05 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Method for supplying artificial feed for culturing larval sea urchin |
CN105639188A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 大连海洋大学 | Formula feed for juvenile sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-05-26 CN CN202110578677.3A patent/CN113170843A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05276880A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-26 | Hakodate Suisan Tanpaku Kako Kk | Artificial feed for culuturing sea urchin |
JPH07231734A (en) * | 1994-02-23 | 1995-09-05 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Method for supplying artificial feed for culturing larval sea urchin |
CN105639188A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 大连海洋大学 | Formula feed for juvenile sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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张立胜等: "中间球海胆上市前快速健康育肥技术要点" * |
朱斐等: "几种饲料添加剂对虾夷马粪海胆生长指标的影响" * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113678957A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-23 | 大连海洋大学 | Artificial kelp for feeding sea urchin ball and preparation method thereof |
CN114468180A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-13 | 沈阳工业大学 | Preparation method of bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of litopenaeus vannamei |
CN114468180B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2024-01-30 | 沈阳工业大学 | Preparation method of bionic artificial feed for promoting growth of litopenaeus vannamei |
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