CN101869209B - Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed by replacing sargassum thunbergii for terrestrial plants - Google Patents
Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed by replacing sargassum thunbergii for terrestrial plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN101869209B CN101869209B CN2010101906532A CN201010190653A CN101869209B CN 101869209 B CN101869209 B CN 101869209B CN 2010101906532 A CN2010101906532 A CN 2010101906532A CN 201010190653 A CN201010190653 A CN 201010190653A CN 101869209 B CN101869209 B CN 101869209B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed by replacing sargassum thunbergii for terrestrial plants, which has low cost and high nutritional value and can obviously improve the special growth rate, amylase activity, digestibility and immunity of the Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. The Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 11 percent of fish meal, 7 percent of soybean protein, 40 percent of sea mud, 5 percent of shrimp, 1 percent of yeast, 0.2 percent of xanthan gum, 0.8 percent of mineral, 5 percent of shell powder, 3.75 percent of pumpkin starch, 3.75 percent of papaya starch, 3.75 percent of sweet potato starch, 3.75 percent of potato starch, 10 percent of taro starch, 2 percent of red date starch and 3 percent of yam starch, wherein the starch is powder which is prepared by pasting, drying, grinding and crushing.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of animal feed, especially a kind of cost is low and be of high nutritive value, and can improve obviously that the special growth rate of stichopus japonicus, entero-amylase are active, the stichopus japonicus feed with the terrestrial plant replacing sargassum thunbergii of digestibility and immunity.
Background technology:
Nutrition and the medical value of stichopus japonicus (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) are high; It is the important kind of northern China sea-farming; And efficient, cheap and safe feed is the material base that apostichopus japonicus culture already develops, and contains mouse tail algae (Sargassum thunbergii), sargassum (Sargassum sp) or other macro powder about 30% in the existing stichopus japonicus feed more.Because of the artificial breeding of macros such as mouse tail algae still is in conceptual phase, present employed mouse tail algae etc. is all picked up from wild.Along with apostichopus japonicus culture constantly enlarges; Consumptions such as mouse tail algae also constantly increase, but the non-breed application of coastal waters severe water pollution and bank etc., and growth and the living space of mouse tail algae dwindle year by year; Cause the output of macros such as mouse tail algae to fall sharply; Supply falls short of demand, and prices such as stimulation mouse tail algae powder are constantly soaring, and the apostichopus japonicus culture cost constantly increases.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem of existing in prior technology; Provide a kind of cost low and be of high nutritive value, can improve obviously that the special growth rate of stichopus japonicus, entero-amylase are active, the stichopus japonicus feed with the terrestrial plant replacing sargassum thunbergii of digestibility and immunity.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of stichopus japonicus feed with the terrestrial plant replacing sargassum thunbergii; It is characterized in that being made up of fish meal, soybean protein, ooze, shrimp chaff, yeast, xanthans, mineral element, oyster shell whiting, pumpkin starch, pawpaw starch, starch from sweet potato, farina, taro starch, red date starch and Chinese yam starch, the percentage by weight of each component is fish meal 11%, soybean protein 7%, ooze 40%, shrimp chaff 5%, yeast 1%, xanthans 0.2%, mineral element 0.8%, oyster shell whiting 5%, pumpkin starch 3.75%, pawpaw starch 3.75%, starch from sweet potato 3.75%, farina 3.75%, taro starch 10%, red date starch 2%, Chinese yam starch 3%.
The present invention processes the stichopus japonicus feed with terrestrial plant starch in replace mouse tail algae; Not only raw material sources are extensive, cost low (the per kilogram cost is reduced to about 2.69 yuan); And overcome simple with mouse tail algae, ooze as the deficiency of feed in several respects such as colors, can lure and attract stichopus japonicus to ingest; Of the present invention being of high nutritive value can obviously be improved the special growth rate of stichopus japonicus, entero-amylase activity, digestibility and immunity simultaneously, improved the quality of stichopus japonicus; The xanthans that is added in the feed be difficult for to disperse feed in groove, be convenient to stichopus japonicus and ingest, the ight soil of discharge also be rule strip, do not disperse, help distinguishing and collecting of residual bait and ight soil.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A. take by weighing pumpkin starch, pawpaw starch, starch from sweet potato, farina, taro starch, red date starch and Chinese yam starch; With gelatinization 15min in 120 ℃ of pressure cookers of each starch; Dry then, grind, pulverize; Filter the back extracting screen underflow with 100 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, take by weighing pumpkin starch 3.75g, pawpaw starch 3.75g, starch from sweet potato 3.75g, farina 3.75g, taro starch 10g, red date starch 2g and Chinese yam starch 3g.
B. get fish meal, soybean protein, ooze, shrimp chaff, yeast, xanthans, mineral element and oyster shell whiting; Pulverize the back and filter the back extracting screen underflow, take by weighing fish meal 11g, soybean protein 7g, ooze 40g, shrimp chaff 5g, yeast 1g, xanthans 0.2g, the plain 0.8g of mineral, oyster shell whiting 5g with 100 mesh sieve thin,tough silk;
Fish meal, shrimp chaff, ooze, oyster shell whiting, soybean protein, xanthans and yeast are available from Dalian Taipingyang Aquatic Products Co., Ltd.; The mineral element is that the prosperous foreign-water in Beijing produces the carp special microelement that new and high technology development company produces.
C. the powder mixing with a, b step gets final product.
Test:
1. material and method
1.1 the test thorn participates in dividing into groups
The stichopus japonicus of test usefulness is from Dalian holothruian cultures company; The average body quality is 4.22g, after examining liquid disinfectant and supported for two weeks temporarily with benzene Buddhist nun not, selects 180 neat specifications, body colour is vivid, physique is healthy and strong individuality is divided into 4 groups at random; Put into 50L (the plastics tank of 45cm * 31cm * 30cm); Put 15 in each tank in a suitable place to breed, establish 3 repetitions for every group, 4 kinds of feeds (table 1) of the different starch collocation of throwing something and feeding respectively.
Other components and percentage by weight be with embodiment 1, i.e. plain 0.8%, the oyster shell whiting 5% of fish meal 11%, soybean protein 7%, ooze 40%, shrimp chaff 5%, yeast 1%, xanthans 0.2%, mineral.
Table 1
1.2 the mode of throwing something and feeding
The hot water of pulverulent mixture with about 80 ℃ is stirred before throwing something and feeding, put, throw something and feed when treating to become after yeast plays a role soft suitable paste to room temperature.When throwing something and feeding feed being evenly coated in corrugated plating (on the 15cm * 20cm), is placed on bottom of gullet, gas charging stone is pressed under the plate, smear feed and face up, in case feed is broken up.
1.3 feeding and management
The nature seawater through deposition, aeration 1d is adopted in test, and water temperature is 9～18 ℃.According to excessive the throwing something and feeding of the situation of ingesting of stichopus japonicus, 24h continues oxygenation, changes water 2/3rds every other day, dissolved oxygen in water amount (DO)＞7.0mg/L at dusk; TNH
3-N＜0.1mg/L.
1.4 special growth rate is measured
Stichopus japonicus gross weight in every each case of 20d weighing, when on-test and end, by the body weight of a weighing stichopus japonicus, stop to throw something and feed the previous day of weighing.Fate is raised in special rate of body weight gain SGR (%/d)=(ln opisthosoma weight-ln is body weight just) * 100/.
1.5 the mensuration of enteron aisle digestive enzyme activity
Get 15 of stichopus japonicus from each test group, place in the ice pan, dissect and take out whole intestines, centrifugal with grinding after the washed with de-ionized water intestines inclusion, get supernatant, the intestines biased sample of per 5 stichopus japonicus is a repetition in each parallel-group, each parallel-group is established three repetitions.The enteron aisle sample places-70 ℃ to preserve subsequent use down.Use the activity of protease, amylase and lipase in forint-phenol reagent process, starch-iodine development process and milk-NaOH titration measuring enteron aisle respectively.
1.6 digestibility is measured
There is 4d to throw something and feed among every 20d and adds 0.5% chrome green (Cr
2O
3) feed, throw something and feed 8 of back the 3rd day mornings with respectively collect ight soil and residual bait at 7 in evening, collect 4d continuously.Ight soil of collecting and residual bait freeze drying are preserved.Cr
2O
3Content measure with wet type ashing sizing technique.The computing formula of dry and nutrient digestion rate is:
The digestibility of nutriment: D%=[1-(A '/A * B/B ')] * 100
The digestibility of dry: D%=[1-B/B '] * 100
Wherein: A ' and A are respectively concentrations of nutrient in feed and the ight soil; B and B ' are respectively the content of chrome green in feed and the ight soil.
During off-test; Get 20 stichopus japonicus respectively at random from each test group and dissect, remove intestines and respiratory trees, under 70 ℃, dry to constant weight; Use Kjeldahl, Suo Shi extraction process (is extract with the ether) and muffle furnace calcination method (500 ℃ 4h) are measured crude protein, crude fat and coarse ash content respectively.
1.7 the analysis of serum biochemistry composition
Get 14 stichopus japonicus for every group, extract coelomic fluid, adopt Nanjing build up bio-engineering research kit measurement serum lysozyme, acid phosphatase (ACP), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).
The content of albumen in SOD vigor (U/mg albumen)=(control tube absorbance-mensuration pipe absorbance)/control tube absorbance/50% * (reactant liquor cumulative volume/sampling amount)/tissue.
1.8 data statistic analysis
All The data SPSS16.0 softwares carry out correlation test, and one-way analysis of variance and LSD multiple ratio are.With p＜0.05 expression significant difference, p＞0.05 expression difference is not remarkable, is that difference is extremely remarkable with p＜0.01.
2. result
2.1 influence to the stichopus japonicus growth
It is dead dirty with row that 60 days raising shows that the stichopus japonicus of all test group does not all have; Show with terrestrial plant starch and replace mouse tail algae that the one-tenth of stichopus japonicus is lived and arrange dirty not making significant difference; Special rate of body weight gain is all compared according to feed high; (Mean ± S.E n=3) sees table 2 to the stichopus japonicus of the DIFFERENT FEED of ingesting, and the special rate of body weight gain of F2 group, F1 group and F3 group stichopus japonicus is higher by 123.81% than control group (F0 group) respectively, 42.86% and 14.29% in each special growth rate of culturing the stage.Statistical results show, the F0 group is not remarkable with F3 group difference; The F2 group is organized difference extremely significantly (p＜0.01) with F0 group, F1 group and F3, shows that the F2 group not only can replace the bath of mouse tail fully, and has significantly short long-acting fruit.
Table 2
Different tests stage water temperature is different, and the speed of growth of stichopus japonicus is SGR also different (table 2).In the preceding 20d, water temperature is 16 ℃-18 ℃, though stichopus japonicus is less; But when just beginning to ingest; SGR value between respectively organizing has had difference, and the F0 group is organized difference not remarkable (p＞0.05) with F1, organizes difference extremely significantly (p＜0.01) with F3; The F1 group is organized with F2, F3 organizes difference extremely significantly (p＜0.01), and the F2 group is organized difference extremely remarkable (p＜0.01) with F3; In the 20-40d, water temperature is 12 ℃-15 ℃, and the SGR growth of F1 group, F2 group, F3 group is obvious, and ingesting of F2 group is especially active, rises to 1.04% by average 0.20% of first 20d, organizes difference extremely remarkable (p＜0.01) with F0 group, F1 group, F3.In the end in the 20d, water temperature is 9 ℃--13 ℃, each organizes the stichopus japonicus poor growth, and indivedual stichopus japonicus even be zero growth rate or negative growth, wherein the growth of F0 group is the slowest, but the growth of F2 group is the fastest, respectively organizes difference extremely significantly (p＜0.01) with other.
2.2 DIFFERENT FEED is to the influence of stichopus japonicus enteron aisle digestive ferment
DIFFERENT FEED is to the influence (Mean ± S.E of stichopus japonicus enteron aisle digestive enzyme activity; N=3) see table 3: stichopus japonicus ingests when adding the feed of terrestrial plant starch; The activity of intestinal protease extremely significantly is lower than control group stichopus japonicus (p＜0.01), and the diastatic activity utmost point is higher than control group stichopus japonicus (p＜0.01) significantly.The activity of F1 group, F2 group and F3 group stichopus japonicus entero-amylase is higher by 95.28% than control group stichopus japonicus respectively, 133.93% and 99.68%, the highest between these 3 groups with the F2 group.It should be noted that and ingest when adding the feed of terrestrial plant starch that the activity of the F2 group stichopus japonicus intestines lipase of growing the fastest also is significantly higher than other each groups (p＜0.01).This shows, adds the increase that multiple terrestrial plant starch has been induced entero-amylase and lipase active, has promoted digestion and absorption to feed, has also just promoted growth.
Table 3
2.3. DIFFERENT FEED is to the influence of stichopus japonicus digestibility
When stichopus japonicus ingests DIFFERENT FEED to the apparent digestibility (Mean ± S.E of nutriment; N=3) see table 4; Multiple comparison shows that; Stichopus japonicus ingests when adding terrestrial plant starch, to the apparent digestibility of protein and fat all the utmost point be higher than the control group stichopus japonicus significantly, active consistent with amylase and lipase.
Table 4
2.4 DIFFERENT FEED is to the influence of stichopus japonicus immune indexes
(Mean ± S.E n=3) sees table 5 to DIFFERENT FEED to the influence of stichopus japonicus immune indexes.Multiple comparison shows that: stichopus japonicus ingests when adding the feed of terrestrial plant starch, and the active utmost point of serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) is significantly higher than control group stichopus japonicus (p＜0.01).
Table 5
Group superoxide dismutase (U.g
-1)
F0 78.71±1.14
A
F1 80.29±0.60
aD
F2 89.46±1.10
Bb
F3 83.68±1.00
Ca
Claims (1)
1. stichopus japonicus feed with the terrestrial plant replacing sargassum thunbergii; It is characterized in that being made up of fish meal, soybean protein, ooze, shrimp chaff, yeast, xanthans, mineral element, oyster shell whiting, pumpkin starch, pawpaw starch, starch from sweet potato, farina, taro starch, red date starch and Chinese yam starch, above-mentioned starch all is that gelatinization is after the powder of oven dry, grinding and pulverizing; The percentage by weight of each component is fish meal 11%, soybean protein 7%, ooze 40%, shrimp chaff 5%, yeast 1%, xanthans 0.2%, mineral element 0.8%, oyster shell whiting 5%, pumpkin starch 3.75%, pawpaw starch 3.75%, starch from sweet potato 3.75%, farina 3.75%, taro starch 10%, red date starch 2%, Chinese yam starch 3%.
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| CN103005215B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-09-11 | 青岛农业大学 | Sea mud substitute for young stichopus japonicus feeds |
| CN107156530B (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2021-04-13 | 青岛农业大学 | Special feed for sea cucumber cage culture and use method thereof |
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| CN101081059B (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2012-07-11 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | Stichopus japonicus feed and method for preparing the same |
| CN101331922B (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2012-03-07 | 张士华 | Bechedemer breeding feed formula |
| CN101715900A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-06-02 | 大连水产学院 | Micro particle feed for cultivating juvenile sea cucumber and preparation method thereof |
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