CN113166375B - 具有低固化温度和良好储存稳定性的热固化环氧树脂组合物 - Google Patents
具有低固化温度和良好储存稳定性的热固化环氧树脂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113166375B CN113166375B CN201980082315.6A CN201980082315A CN113166375B CN 113166375 B CN113166375 B CN 113166375B CN 201980082315 A CN201980082315 A CN 201980082315A CN 113166375 B CN113166375 B CN 113166375B
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08L63/04—Epoxynovolacs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/4007—Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66
- C08G59/4014—Nitrogen containing compounds
- C08G59/4035—Hydrazines; Hydrazides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/791—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups
- C08G18/792—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups formed by oligomerisation of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F136/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
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- C08F136/04—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F136/06—Butadiene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/22—Catalysts containing metal compounds
- C08G18/24—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
- C08G18/244—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin tin salts of carboxylic acids
- C08G18/246—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin tin salts of carboxylic acids containing also tin-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3225—Polyamines
- C08G18/3234—Polyamines cycloaliphatic
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Abstract
本发明涉及热固化环氧树脂组合物，所述组合物包含作为固化剂的二酰肼和特定脲促进剂的组合，所述二酰肼选自戊二酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼和庚二酸二酰肼，所述组合物的特征在于良好的储存稳定性和低固化温度。所述环氧树脂组合物特别适合用作车身粘合剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热固化环氧树脂组合物领域，所述热固化环氧树脂组合物特别用作车身粘合剂。
背景技术
热固化环氧树脂组合物公知已久。一段时间以来人们已经努力消除或至少大大减少环氧树脂组合物的巨大缺点，即其脆性，脆性在冲击应力下会导致经固化环氧树脂组合物出现裂纹或被破坏。已经通过添加韧性改性剂或通过环氧树脂的化学改性进行这种尝试。
热固化环氧树脂组合物的一个重要的应用领域是车辆构造，特别是车身中空腔的粘合或发泡时。在两种情况下，在施用环氧树脂组合物之后在KTL-(阴极浸涂)-炉中加热车身，由此使得热固化环氧树脂组合物固化并且任选发泡。
为了能够进行迅速固化，除了用于环氧树脂的热可活化固化剂之外还可以使用促进剂。已知类别的促进剂例如为潜在咪唑以及胺-三氟化硼复合物。
然而目前市场上正在努力降低KTL-炉的温度。因此市场上非常需要即使在低温(即130至140℃的温度)下在较短时间(通常10至15分钟)之后就已经固化的热固化环氧树脂组合物。当为此例如使用芳族脲(芳族脲由于其结构而非常具有反应性)时，会造成热固化环氧树脂组合物的储存稳定性方面的严重问题。因此需要一方面在低温下固化而且具有足够储存稳定性的热固化环氧树脂组合物。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是提供一种热固化环氧树脂组合物，所述环氧树脂组合物一方面在室温下具有良好的储存稳定性，另一方面在130℃至140℃的温度下能够迅速固化。
出乎意料地通过根据权利要求1所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物实现该目的。所述环氧树脂组合物可以特别好地用作单组分热固化粘合剂，特别是用作车辆构造中的热固化单组分车身粘合剂。
本发明的其它方面为其它独立权利要求的主题。本发明的特别优选的实施方案为从属权利要求的主题。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及单组分热固化环氧树脂组合物，包含
a)至少一种每分子具有平均多于一个环氧基团的环氧树脂A；
b)至少一种用于环氧树脂的固化剂B，其中所述固化剂B为选自戊二酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼和庚二酸二酰肼的二酰肼，优选为己二酸二酰肼；和
c)至少一种式(Ia)或(Ib)的促进剂C
其中R1表示H或n价脂族、脂环族或芳脂族基团；
R2和R3
彼此独立地各自表示烷基或芳烷基；
或
一起表示具有3至20个碳原子的二价脂族基团，所述二价脂族基团为具有5至8，优选6个环原子的任选取代的杂环的一部分；
R1’表示n’价脂族、脂环族或芳脂族基团；
R2’表示烷基或芳烷基或烯基；
R3’彼此独立地表示H或烷基或芳烷基；并且
n和n’各自表示1至4，特别是1或2的值。
在本文中，关于取代基、基或基团使用的表述“彼此独立地”表示：在相同分子中以相同方式标明的取代基、基或基团可以同时具有不同含义。
物质名称(例如“多元醇”、“多异氰酸酯”、“聚醚”或“多胺”)中的前缀“聚/多”在本文中表示，每种物质在形式上每分子包含多于一个在其名称中出现的官能团。
“分子量”在本文中被理解为分子的摩尔质量(以克/摩尔计)。“平均分子量”表示低聚或聚合形式的分子混合物的数均分子量Mn，其通常通过GPC相对于聚苯乙烯标样确定。
“伯羟基”表示结合至具有两个氢的碳原子的OH-基团。
术语“伯氨基”在本文中表示结合至一个有机基团的NH2-基团，而术语“仲氨基”表示结合至两个有机基团(也可以是环的公共部分)的NH-基团。因此，具有伯氨基的胺被称为“伯胺”，具有仲氨基的胺被称为“仲胺”，并且具有叔氨基的胺被称为“叔胺”。
“室温”在本文中表示23℃的温度。
每分子具有平均多于一个环氧基团的环氧树脂A优选为液体环氧树脂或固体环氧树脂。术语“固体环氧树脂”是环氧化物领域的技术人员熟知的并且与“液体环氧树脂”对照使用。固体树脂的玻璃化转变温度高于室温，即其在室温下可以粉碎成能倾倒的粉末。
优选地，环氧树脂具有式(II)
在此，取代基R’和R”彼此独立地表示H或CH3。
对于固体环氧树脂，指数s表示>1.5，特别是2至12的值。
这种固体环氧树脂例如可从Dow或Huntsman或Hexion市购获得。
指数s在1和1.5之间的式(II)的化合物被本领域技术人员称为半固体环氧树脂。所述半固体环氧树脂对于本发明而言同样被视为是固体树脂。然而优选作为固体环氧树脂的是狭义上的环氧树脂，即指数s具有>1.5的值的环氧树脂。
对于液体环氧树脂，指数s表示小于1的值。s优选表示小于0.2的值。
因此其优选为双酚-A(DGEBA)、双酚-F以及双酚-A/F的二缩水甘油醚。所述液体树脂例如以GY 250、/>PY 304、/>GY 282(Huntsman)或D.E.R.TM331或D.E.R.TM330(Dow)或Epikote 828(Hexion)获得。
还适合作为环氧树脂A的是所谓的环氧化物-线性酚醛清漆。其特别具有下式：
其中/>或CH2，R1＝H或甲基，并且z＝0至7。
特别地，其在此为苯酚-环氧化物-线性酚醛清漆或甲酚-环氧化物-线性酚醛清漆(R2＝CH2)。
所述环氧树脂可以商标名EPN或ECN以及从Huntsman市购获得或者可以产品系列D.E.N.TM从Dow Chemical市购获得。
环氧树脂A优选表示式(II)的液体环氧树脂。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中，热固化环氧树脂组合物不仅包含至少一种式(II)的液体环氧树脂(其中s<1，特别是小于0.2)，而且包含至少一种式(II)的固体环氧树脂(其中s>1.5，特别是2至12)。
优选地，环氧树脂A的份数为10–60重量％，特别是30–50重量％，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。
还有利的是，50-100重量％、特别是80-100重量％的环氧树脂A为上述液体环氧树脂。
还有利的是，0-30重量％、特别是0-20重量％、特别优选5-15重量％的环氧树脂A为上述固体环氧树脂。
根据本发明的组合物还包含二酰肼作为固化剂B，所述二酰肼选自戊二酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼和庚二酸二酰肼。优选为己二酸二酰肼。
环氧树脂A的环氧基团的摩尔份数/二酰肼的摩尔份数的比例优选为3-5，特别是3.5-4.5。这是有利的，因为在该范围内能获得经固化组合物的高机械性能值，特别是弹性模量和拉伸强度。
二酰肼的平均粒径D50优选为≤100μm、≤50μm、0.5-50μm、1-50μm、1-40μm，特别是1-20μm，优选2-20μm，特别优选2-15μm。
出人意料地发现，这在根据本发明的组合物中造成粘附性的改进以及冲击剥离强度的改进。例如，在表2中通过对比E1和E4-E8可以看到这一点，因为有更好的拉伸剪切强度。
术语“平均粒径”在此表示累积体积分布曲线的D50-值，其中50体积％的颗粒具有小于所述值的直径。平均粒径或D50-值在本发明中通过激光衍射确定。
在本文中，例如D10、D50、D90和D98分别表示这样的直径：10体积％、50体积％(“平均粒径”)、90体积％或98体积％的颗粒具有通过激光衍射确定的比其更小的直径。
还有利的是，热固化环氧树脂组合物包含尽可能少的双氰胺。如果环氧树脂组合物包含双氰胺，则二酰肼与双氰胺的重量比例为≥0.5、≥0.75、≥1、≥2、≥5，特别是≥10，优选≥50，特别优选≥100。
双氰胺的量优选小于5重量％，小于3重量％，小于2重量％，特别是小于1重量％，优选小于0.5重量％，特别优选小于0.3％，最优选小于0.1重量％，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。热固化环氧树脂组合物特别优选不包含双氰胺。
例如在表2中，通过对比E1和E3可知，特别是在60℃下储存一周时，这造成储存稳定性的改进，并且实现了更高的拉伸剪切强度值和冲击剥离值。
还发现，包含双氰胺而不是根据本发明的二酰肼的组合物，无论是否与脲组合，在130-140℃的固化温度下都不会固化。例如，在表2中通过对比E1和E2与R4-R8可以看到这一点。
根据本发明的组合物还包含
c)至少一种式(Ia)或(Ib)的促进剂C
其中R1表示H或n价脂族、脂环族或芳脂族基团；
R2和R3
彼此独立地各自表示烷基或芳烷基；
或
一起表示具有3至20个碳原子的二价脂族基团，所述二价脂族基团为具有5至8、优选6个环原子的任选取代的杂环的一部分；
R1’表示n’价脂族、脂环族或芳脂族的基团；
R2’表示烷基或芳烷基或烯基；
R3’彼此独立地表示H或烷基或芳烷基；并且
n和n’各自表示1至4，特别是1或2的值。
在本文中，“芳脂族基团”应理解为芳烷基，即被芳基取代的烷基(参见CD/>Chemie Lexikon，第1版，斯图加特/纽约，Georg Thieme出版社，1995)。
对于本发明而言重要的是，如果R1不表示H，则R1表示n价脂族、脂环族或芳脂族基团，而不表示芳族或杂芳族基团。即，促进剂C特别不具有式(I’)。
同样重要的是，如果R3’不表示H，则R3’不表示芳族或杂芳族基团，即促进剂C特别不具有式(I”)。
其中Z1和Z2表示H或任意有机基团。
已经发现，具有芳族基团R1的促进剂不是储存稳定的，也就是说，它们使热固化环氧树脂组合物的粘度在短时间内升高到对于组合物的处理而言不再可忽略的程度。
例如，在表2中通过对比E1和E2与R2和R3在60℃下一周的储存稳定性可以看到这一点。
R1特别表示式(III)的脂族、脂环族或芳脂族的单异氰酸酯、二异氰酸酯、三异氰酸酯或四异氰酸酯在除去n个异氰酸酯基团之后的基团。
R1[NCO]n (III)
式(III)的单异氰酸酯、二异氰酸酯、三异氰酸酯或四异氰酸酯是单体单异氰酸酯、二异氰酸酯、三异氰酸酯或四异氰酸酯或一种或多种单体二异氰酸酯或三异氰酸酯的二聚物或低聚物，其中特别适合作为二聚物或低聚物的是缩二脲、异氰脲酸酯和脲二酮。
合适的单体单异氰酸酯是烷基异氰酸酯，例如丁基异氰酸酯、戊基异氰酸酯、己基异氰酸酯、辛基异氰酸酯、癸基异氰酸酯和十二烷基异氰酸酯，以及环己基异氰酸酯、甲基环己基异氰酸酯以及苯甲基异氰酸酯。
特别合适的单体二异氰酸酯是1,4-丁烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、2,5-或2,6-双-(异氰酸基甲基)-双环[2.2.1]庚烷、二环己基甲基二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)、间四甲基亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)和间亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(XDI)和氢化间亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(H8XDI)。
特别合适的二聚物或低聚物是HDI-缩二脲、HDI-异氰脲酸酯、IPDI-缩二脲、IPDI-异氰脲酸酯、HDI-二脲二酮、IPDI-异氰脲酸酯。
这种二聚物或低聚物可市购获得，例如Desmodur N-100(Bayer)、Luxate HDB9000(Lyondell)、Desmodur N-3300(Bayer)、Desmodur N-3600(Bayer)、Luxate HT 2000(Lyondell)、Desmodur N-3400(Bayer)、Luxate HD 100(Lyondell)、Desmodur Z 4470(Bayer)、Vestanat T 1890/100(Hüls)或Luxate IT 1070(Lyondell)。
当然还可以使用所述二异氰酸酯或三异氰酸酯的合适的混合物。
R1特别表示
具有4至10个碳原子的亚烷基，特别是六亚甲基，
或表示
或表示
脂族或芳脂族二异氰酸酯的缩二脲或异氰脲酸酯在除去异氰酸酯基团之后的基团；
或表示
亚二甲苯基，特别是间亚二甲苯基。
特别优选作为R1的是HDI、IPDI、HDI-缩二脲以及XDI(特别优选IPDI)在除去NCO基团之后的基团。
R2和R3可以一起形成亚丁基、五亚甲基或六亚甲基，优选五亚甲基。
R2和R3特别优选彼此独立地各自表示具有1至5个碳原子的烷基，特别是彼此独立地各自表示甲基、乙基或丙基，优选各自表示甲基。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中，R1表示H。在R2和R3彼此独立地各自表示甲基、乙基或丙基(优选各自表示甲基)的情况下，这是优选的。
R1还优选表示n价脂族、脂环族或芳脂族的基团。
R1'一方面特别表示选自如下的二胺在除去两个氨基之后的基团：1,4-二氨基丁烷、六亚甲基二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、三甲基六亚甲基二胺、2,5-或2,6-双-(氨基甲基)-双环[2.2.1]庚烷、二环己基甲基二胺、间四甲基亚二甲苯基二胺和间亚二甲苯二胺、氢化的间亚二甲苯二胺、乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺和1,2-丙二胺。
R2’一方面特别表示C1-C10烷基或具有7至20个碳原子的芳烷基，优选表示甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基或戊基。
R1’另一方面特别表示亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、甲基亚乙基或1,2-二甲基亚乙基。
R2’另一方面特别表示亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、甲基亚乙基或1,2-二甲基亚乙基。
两个亚烷基R1’和R2’与脲氮原子一起形成环，特别是哌嗪或2,3,5,6-四甲基哌嗪或高哌嗪(1,4-二氮杂环庚烷)。
R3'特别表示选自如下的单体单异氰酸酯：丁基异氰酸酯、戊基异氰酸酯、己基异氰酸酯、辛基异氰酸酯、癸基异氰酸酯和十二烷基异氰酸酯，以及环己基异氰酸酯、甲基环己基异氰酸酯和苯甲基异氰酸酯。
式(Ia)的促进剂C容易通过式(III)的脂族、脂环族或芳脂族的单异氰酸酯、二异氰酸酯、三异氰酸酯或四异氰酸酯与式(IV)的仲胺的反应合成获得。
R1[NCO]n (III)
在合成的第二变体中，式(Ia)的促进剂C通过式(V)的脂族、脂环族或芳脂族的伯胺与式(VI)的化合物的反应制得。
R1[NH2]n (V)
当式(III)的多异氰酸酯不可市购获得或难以获得时，后一种变体是特别有利的。
式(Ib)的促进剂C容易通过式(IIIa)的脂族、脂环族或芳脂族单异氰酸酯与式(IVa)或(IVb)的仲胺的反应合成获得。
R3'NCO (IIIa)
在式(IVb)中，x'和y'彼此独立地各自表示值1、2、3、4或5并且取代基Q1'、Q2'、Q3'和Q4'彼此独立地各自表示H或C1至C5烷基。x'和y'优选表示1或2，优选各自为1。即，式(IVb)的仲胺优选为哌嗪或2,3,5,6-四甲基哌嗪或高哌嗪(1,4-二氮杂环庚烷)，特别优选哌嗪或2,3,5,6-四甲基哌嗪。
式(IVa)的仲胺就其本身而言特别容易通过式R1’[NH2]n’的伯胺的烷基化制得。
特别优选的式(IVa)的胺选自N,N’-二甲基-1,2-二氨基环己烷、N,N'-二甲基乙二胺、N,N'-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、双-异丙基化IPDA(Jefflink-754(Huntsman))、N,N'-二异丁基-乙二胺和N-乙基-N'-甲基-乙二胺。
最优选地，至少一种促进剂C是式(Ia)的促进剂，其中特别地：
-R1表示H，R2和R3各自表示甲基、乙基或丙基，优选各自表示甲基，并且n＝1，
和/或
-R1表示R2和R3各自表示甲基、乙基或丙基，优选各自表示甲基，并且n＝2。
促进剂C特别具有小于1000g/mol，特别是在80和800g/mol之间的分子。如果分子量较大，则促进作用降低并且所需用量明显更高，这反而可能导致较差的机械性能。
以环氧树脂A的重量计，促进剂C的量有利地为0.01-6.0重量％，特别是0.02-4.0重量％，优选0.02-2.0重量％。
以克/摩尔环氧树脂A的环氧基团计，促进剂C的比例优选为0.01-0.5g/mol环氧基团，特别是0.05-0.3g/mol环氧基团，特别优选0.075-0.2g/mol环氧基团，最优选0.08-0.15g/mol环氧基团。这是有利的，因为在该范围内获得高储存稳定性，同时当在130-150℃的温度下固化时获得良好的机械值和良好的粘附性。
单组分热固化环氧树脂组合物优选包含至少一种增韧剂D。所述增韧剂D可以为固体或液体。
特别地，增韧剂D选自末端封闭的聚氨酯聚合物D1、液体橡胶D2和核-壳聚合物D3。优选地，增韧剂D选自末端封闭的聚氨酯聚合物D1和液体橡胶D2。特别优选地，增韧剂D为末端封闭的聚氨酯聚合物D1。
增韧剂D为末端封闭的聚氨酯聚合物D1。
优选地，其为被封闭基团封闭的末端封闭的聚氨酯聚合物D1，所述封闭基团在高于100℃的温度下分解。
作为封闭基团，一方面特别优选考虑的是酚或双酚。所述酚和双酚的优选示例特别是苯酚、甲酚、间苯二酚、焦儿茶酚、腰果酚(3-十五烯基酚(得自腰果壳油))、壬基酚、与苯乙烯或二环戊二烯反应的酚、双酚-A、双酚-F和2,2’-二烯丙基-双酚-A。
由异氰酸酯基团封端的线性或支化聚氨酯预聚物与一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性化合物制备末端封闭的聚氨酯预聚物。如果使用多种所述异氰酸酯反应性化合物，则反应可以依次进行或者采用这些化合物的混合物进行。
优选进行所述反应使得一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性化合物以化学计量或化学计量过量使用，从而保证所有NCO-基团都反应。
具有异氰酸酯端基的聚氨酯预聚物可以由至少一种二异氰酸酯或三异氰酸酯以及由具有末端氨基、巯基或羟基的聚合物QPM和/或由任选取代的多酚QPP制得。
合适的二异氰酸酯为脂族、脂环族、芳族或芳脂族二异氰酸酯，特别是市售产品例如亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、联甲苯胺二异氰酸酯(TODI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、2,5-或2,6-双-(异氰酸基甲基)-双环[2.2.1]庚烷、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)、二环己基甲基二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)、对-亚苯基二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、间-四甲基亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)等及它们的二聚物。优选的为HDI、IPDI、MDI或TDI。
合适的三异氰酸酯为脂族、脂环族、芳族或芳脂族二异氰酸酯的三聚物或缩二脲，特别是上一段落中所述的二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯和缩二脲。当然还可以使用二异氰酸酯或三异氰酸酯的合适的混合物。
特别适合作为具有末端氨基、巯基或羟基的聚合物QPM的是具有两个或三个末端氨基、巯基或羟基的聚合物QPM。
聚合物QPM有利地具有300–6000，特别是600–4000，优选700-2200g/当量NCO-反应性基团的当量。
优选作为聚合物QPM的是选自如下的平均分子量在600和6000道尔顿之间的多元醇：聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇-嵌段聚合物、聚丁二醇、羟基封端的聚丁二烯、羟基封端的丁二烯-丙烯腈-共聚物及其混合物。
特别优选作为聚合物QPM的是具有C2-C6-亚烷基或具有混合的C2-C6-亚烷基的用氨基、巯基或优选羟基封端的α,ω-二羟基聚亚烷基二醇。特别优选的是聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇。还特别优选的是羟基封端的聚氧化丁烯。
特别适合作为多酚QPP的是双酚、三酚和四酚。其不仅被理解为纯的酚，而且任选还被理解为取代的酚。取代基的种类可以非常多样。特别地，其被理解为直接位于与酚OH-基团结合的芳核上的取代基。此外，酚不仅被理解为单核芳族化物，还被理解为多核或稠合芳族化物或杂芳族化物，其具有直接位于芳族化物或杂芳族化物上的酚OH-基团。
在一个优选的实施方案中，聚氨酯预聚物由至少一种二异氰酸酯或三异氰酸酯以及由具有末端氨基、巯基或羟基的聚合物QPM制得。聚氨酯预聚物的制备以聚氨酯领域技术人员已知的方式和方法进行，特别地，其中二异氰酸酯或三异氰酸酯以相对于聚合物QPM的氨基、巯基或羟基化学计量过量的量使用。
具有异氰酸酯基团的聚氨酯预聚物优选具有弹性特征。其优选具有小于0℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg。
增韧剂D可以为液体橡胶D2。液体橡胶在此可以例如是羧基封端或环氧封端的聚合物。
在第一个实施方案中，液体橡胶可以是羧基封端或环氧封端的丙烯腈/丁二烯-共聚物或其衍生物。这种液体橡胶例如以名称Hypro/CTBN和CTBNX和ETBN从Emerald Perfomance Materials市购获得。适合作为衍生物的特别是具有环氧基团的弹性体改性的预聚物，例如以/>公司(Schill+Seilacher Gruppe，德国)的产品系列特别是产品系列/>36..或以产品系列/>(Evonik，德国)市售的那些。
在第二个实施方案中，液体橡胶可以是聚丙烯酸酯液体橡胶，所述聚丙烯酸酯液体橡胶可以与液体环氧树脂完全混合并且在环氧树脂基质固化时才分离成微滴。这种聚丙烯酸酯液体橡胶例如可以名称20208-XPA从Dow获得。
当然还可以使用液体橡胶的混合物，特别是羧基封端或环氧封端的丙烯腈/丁二烯-共聚物或其衍生物的混合物。
在第三个实施方案中，增韧剂D可以是核-壳聚合物D3。核-壳聚合物由弹性核聚合物和刚性壳聚合物组成。特别合适的核-壳聚合物由被刚性热塑性聚合物的刚性皮(壳)包裹的弹性丙烯酸酯聚合物或丁二烯聚合物的芯(核)组成。所述核-壳结构通过嵌段共聚物的分离自发形成，或者通过乳液聚合或悬浮体聚合形式的聚合进程与随后的接枝而形成。优选的核-壳聚合物为所谓的MBS聚合物，其可以Arkema的商标名ClearstrengthTM，Dow的商标名ParaloidTM或Zeon的商标名F-351TM市购获得。
份数优选为：
增韧剂D1：10-60重量％，特别是20-30重量％；
增韧剂D2：10-30重量％，特别是20-30重量％；
增韧剂D3：10-30重量％，特别是20-30重量％；
以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，组合物还包含至少一种填料F。其优选为云母、滑石、高岭土、钙硅石、长石、正长岩、绿泥石、膨润土、蒙脱土、碳酸钙(沉淀或研磨)、白云石、石英、二氧化硅(热解或沉淀)、方晶石、氧化钙、氢氧化铝、氧化镁、陶瓷空心球、玻璃空心球、有机空心球、玻璃球、着色颜料。特别优选的是选自碳酸钙、氧化钙和热解二氧化硅的填料。
有利地，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计，所有填料F的总份数为5–40重量％，优选10–30重量％。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，组合物可以包含物理发泡剂或化学发泡剂，如例如以Akzo Nobel公司的商标名ExpancelTM或Chemtura公司的CelogenTM或Lehmann&Voss的商标名获得的那些。发泡剂的份数有利地为0.1–3重量％，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，组合物还包含至少一种带有环氧基团的反应性稀释剂G。所述反应性稀释剂是本领域技术人员已知的。
带有环氧基团的反应性稀释剂的优选示例为：
-单官能的饱和或不饱和、支化或非支化、环状或开链的C4-C30醇的缩水甘油醚，例如丁醇缩水甘油醚、己醇缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己醇缩水甘油醚、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、四氢糠基缩水甘油醚和糠基缩水甘油醚、三甲氧基甲硅烷基缩水甘油醚等，
-双官能的饱和或不饱和、支化或非支化、环状或开链的C2-C30醇的缩水甘油醚，例如乙二醇缩水甘油醚、丁二醇缩水甘油醚、己二醇缩水甘油醚、辛二醇缩水甘油醚、环己烷二甲醇二缩水甘油醚、新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚等，
-三官能或多官能的饱和或不饱和、支化或非支化、环状或开链的醇的缩水甘油醚(例如环氧化蓖麻油、环氧化三羟甲基丙烷、环氧化季戊四醇)，或脂族多元醇(例如山梨醇、甘油或三羟甲基丙烷)的多缩水甘油醚等，
-酚化合物和苯胺化合物的缩水甘油醚，例如苯基缩水甘油醚、甲苯基缩水甘油醚、对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、壬基酚缩水甘油醚、3-正十五烯基-缩水甘油醚(得自腰果壳油)、N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺等，
-环氧化胺，例如N,N-二缩水甘油基环己胺等，
-环氧化的单羧酸或二羧酸，例如新癸酸-缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、苯甲酸缩水甘油酯、邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、四氢和六氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、二聚脂肪酸的二缩水甘油酯等，
-环氧化的二官能或三官能、低分子量至高分子量的聚醚多元醇，例如聚乙二醇-二缩水甘油醚、聚丙二醇-二缩水甘油醚等，
特别优选的是己二醇二缩水甘油醚、甲苯基缩水甘油醚、对-叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚和聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚。
有利地，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计，带有环氧基团的反应性稀释剂G的总份数为0.1–15重量％，优选0.1–5重量％，特别优选0.1–2重量％，特别优选0.2–1重量％。
组合物可以包含其它成分，特别是催化剂，稳定剂，特别是热稳定剂和/或光稳定剂，触变剂，增塑剂，溶剂，矿物填料或有机填料，发泡剂，着色剂和颜料，防腐蚀剂，表面活性剂，消泡剂和增粘剂。
适合作为增塑剂的特别是苯酚烷基磺酸酯或苯磺酸-N-丁酰胺，例如以Bayer的或Dellatol BBS市购获得的那些。
适合作为稳定剂的特别是任选取代的苯酚，例如BHT或T(Elikem)，位阻胺或N-氧基化合物例如TEMPO(Evonik)。/>
特别优选的单组分环氧树脂组合物包含：
-以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计，10-60重量％、特别是30-50重量％的每分子具有平均多于一个环氧基团的环氧树脂A；优选地，50-100重量％、特别是80-100重量％的环氧树脂A为液体环氧树脂并且0-30重量％、特别是0-20重量％、特别优选5-15重量％的环氧树脂A为固体环氧树脂；
-固化剂，优选己二酸二酰肼；
-至少一种式(Ia)或(Ib)的促进剂C，特别是式(Ia)，其中特别地：
-R1表示H，R2和R3各自表示甲基、乙基或丙基，优选各自表示甲基，并且n＝1，和/或
-R1表示并且R2和R3各自表示甲基、乙基或丙基，优选各自表示甲基，并且n＝2；
-优选至少一种增韧剂D，选自末端封闭的聚氨酯聚合物D1、液体橡胶D2和核-壳聚合物D3，其份数优选为：
增韧剂D1：10-60重量％，特别是20-30重量％；
增韧剂D2：10-30重量％，特别是20-30重量％；
增韧剂D3：10-30重量％，特别是20-30重量％；
以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计；
-以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计，优选5-50重量％、优选10-30重量％的填料F，选自碳酸钙、氧化钙和热解二氧化硅；
-以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计，优选0.1-15重量％、优选0.1-5重量％、特别优选0.1-2重量％、特别优选0.2-1重量％的带有环氧基团的反应性稀释剂G。
以克/摩尔环氧树脂A的环氧基团计，促进剂C的比例优选为0.01-0.5g/mol环氧基团，特别是0.05-0.3g/mol环氧基团，特别优选0.075-0.2g/mol环氧基团，最优选0.08-0.15g/mol环氧基团。
环氧树脂A的环氧基团的摩尔份数/二酰肼的摩尔份数的比例优选为3-5，特别是3.5-4.5。
还有利的是，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计，优选的单组分环氧树脂组合物的大于80重量％，优选大于90重量％，特别是大于95重量％，特别优选大于98重量％，最优选大于99重量％由上述成分组成。
特别优选的组合物的实施例为表1中的E1。
有利的是，根据本发明的环氧树脂组合物在25℃下具有500-3000Pa*s、特别是1000-2500Pa*s、优选1000-2000Pa*s的粘度。这是有利的，因为由此能保证良好的可施用性。
还有利的是，根据本发明的环氧树脂组合物在60℃下储存1周之后的25℃测量温度下测得的粘度比制备后一天测得的升高量小于500％，小于300％，小于200％，小于150％，小于120％，小于100％，小于50％。
已经发现，所述热固化环氧树脂组合物特别适合用作单组分热固化粘合剂，特别是在车辆构造中用作热固化单组分车身粘合剂。这种单组分粘合剂具有广泛的应用可能性。这种粘合剂对于粘合热稳定性材料来说是需要的。热稳定性材料被理解为在100-220℃，优选120-200℃的固化温度下至少在固化时间内形状稳定的材料。其特别为金属和塑料例如ABS、聚酰胺、聚苯醚，复合材料例如SMC、不饱和聚酯GFK、环氧化物复合材料或丙烯酸酯复合材料。优选的是至少一种材料为金属的应用。特别优选的应用是粘合相同或不同的金属，特别是汽车工业中的车身中的相同或不同的金属。优选的金属主要是钢，特别是电镀锌、热镀锌、涂油钢，涂覆博纳锌的钢，和随后磷化的钢，以及铝，特别是在汽车制造中通常出现的变体形式。
使用基于根据本发明的热固化组合物的粘合剂能够实现高冲击强度和低固化温度的希望组合。
特别地，这种粘合剂首先在10℃和80℃之间、特别是10℃和60℃之间的温度下与待粘合材料接触，然后在通常130-220℃、优选130-180℃、特别优选130-150℃的温度下固化。
本发明的另一个方面涉及用于粘合热稳定性基材的方法，包括如下步骤：
i)将如上详细描述的热固化环氧树脂组合物施用至热稳定性基材S1，特别是金属的表面上；
ii)使施用的热固化环氧树脂组合物与另一个热稳定性基材S2，特别是金属的表面接触；
iii)将组合物加热至100-220℃、特别是120-200℃、优选130和150℃之间、特别优选130和140℃之间的温度。
基材S2在此由与基材S1相同或不同的材料组成。
基材S1和/或S2特别是上述金属和塑料。
优选地，在步骤iii)中将组合物加热至100-220℃、特别是120-200℃、优选130和150℃之间、特别优选130和140℃之间的温度，使组合物在上述温度下保持10min-6h、10min-2h、10min-60min、10min-30min、10min-20min，特别优选10min-15min。
通过这种用于粘合热稳定性材料的方法获得经粘合制品。所述制品优选为车辆或车辆的部件。
本发明的另一个方面因此涉及由上述方法获得的经粘合制品。当然，除了热固化粘合剂之外，采用根据本发明的组合物还可以实现密封料。此外，根据本发明的组合物不仅适合车辆构造而且适合其它应用领域。特别要提及的是在运输工具(例如船、货车、巴士或轨道车辆)或日用品(例如洗衣机)构造中的相关应用。
借助根据本发明的组合物粘合的材料可以在通常120℃和-40℃之间、优选100℃和-40℃之间、特别是80℃和-40℃之间的温度下使用。
根据本发明的热固化环氧树脂组合物的特别优选的用途是其在车辆构造中作为热固化单组分车身粘合剂或作为加硬料或在结构构件和增强元件的空腔中作为用于增强的可发泡热固化组合物的用途。
本发明的另一个方面涉及经固化的环氧树脂组合物，例如通过加热如上具体描述的热固化环氧树脂组合物获得的经固化的环氧树脂组合物。加热通常在炉中在100-220℃、优选130和150℃之间、特别优选130和140℃之间的温度下进行，在上述温度下加热优选10min-6h、10min-2h、10min-60min、10min-30min、10min-20min，特别优选10min-15min。
已经发现，特别对于130和150℃之间的固化温度，根据本发明的促进剂C(如上文已经作为热固化环氧树脂组合物的成分详细描述过的那些)与根据本发明的固化剂B组合适合作为热固化环氧树脂组合物的促进剂。
出人意料地发现，用于热固化环氧树脂组合物的其它促进剂不满足低温下促进和同时储存稳定性的要求。例如在表2中可见，例如当使用敌草隆或1,1'-(亚甲基双(4,1-亚苯基))双(3,3-二甲基脲)时，相应环氧树脂组合物在60℃下一周后的储存稳定性严重变差，以至于组合物固化。例如通过对比E1和E2与R2和R3可以看出这一点。
特别出人意料的是，不含促进剂的对比组合物R1在60℃下一周后的粘度增加比包含促进剂C的组合物E1和E2更大。
此外通过对比表2中的组合物E1和E2与组合物R4-R8可知，仅包含双氰胺作为固化剂的对比组合物在用于测量140℃的拉伸剪切强度的固化条件下10分钟都不固化，因此对于无论不含促进剂还是含有促进剂的应用都不适合。
实施例
下文列出一些实施例，所述实施例进一步说明本发明但是不应当以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
增韧剂(“D-1”)的制备
将150g Poly-THF 2000(OH-数57mg/g KOH和150Liquiflex H(OH-数46mg/g KOH)在105℃下真空干燥30分钟。在将温度降低至90℃之后，加入61.5g IPDI和0.14g二月桂酸二丁基锡。在90℃下真空进行反应直至2.0h后NCO-含量恒定于3.10％(计算的NCO-含量：3.15％)。然后加入96.1g腰果酚作为封闭剂。在105℃下真空继续搅拌直至不再检测到游离NCO。产物作为增韧剂D-1使用。
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使用的原料
组合物的制备
根据表1中的信息，制备了参考组合物R1-R8以及根据本发明的组合物E1至E8。表1中的量以重量份计。
环氧树脂A的环氧基团的摩尔份数/二酰肼的摩尔份数的比例在表1中称为“B-指数”并且用[EP-基团摩尔数/二酰肼摩尔数]表示。
促进剂C以克/摩尔环氧树脂A的环氧基团计的比例在表1中称为“C-指数”并且用[克促进剂/摩尔EP-基团]表示。
测试方法：
弹性模量(DIN EN ISO 527)
在两个特氟龙纸之间将粘合剂样品挤压成2mm的层厚度。在175℃下固化35分钟之后除去特氟龙纸并且根据DIN-标准状态冲压样品。在标准气候下以2mm/min的拉伸速度测量试样。根据DIN EN ISO 527确定弹性模量0.05-0.25％。
拉伸剪切强度(ZSF)(DIN EN 1465)
将清洁的并且用Anticorit PL 3802-39S背侧上油的Elo H420钢制测试板(厚度1.5mm)在具有玻璃珠作为隔离物的25x 10mm的粘合表面上以0.3mm的层厚度与粘合剂粘合，并且在140℃的炉温下固化10min。
在拉伸机上以10mm/min的拉伸速度通过3次确定根据DIN EN1465确定拉伸剪切强度。
冲击剥离强度/冲击剥离(IP RT)(根据ISO 11343)
用粘合剂和尺寸为90x 20x 0.8mm的钢DC04+ZE制备试样。在此，粘合表面为20x30mm，层厚度为0.3mm，玻璃珠充当间隔件。样品在140℃的炉温下固化10min。在Zwick 450冲击摆锤上在23℃下以三次确定的方式进行冲击剥离强度的测量。给出的冲击剥离强度是根据ISO11343在25％至90％的测量曲线下的单位为N/mm的平均力。
粘合剂的粘度/储存稳定性
制备1天之后在生产商Anton Paar的MCR 101型流变仪上通过使用板-板几何形状在25℃的温度下以如下参数以振荡方式进行粘合剂的粘度测量：5Hz，1mm间隙，板直径25mm，1％变形。测量结果在表2中用“Visko initial 25℃”表示。
为了评估粘合剂的储存稳定性，在给定温度下储存以周表示的给定时间之后重复进行粘度测量，并且确定储存后造成的粘度升高百分比。表2中用“Visko 1W 50 25℃”或“Visko 1W 60 25℃”表示在50℃或60℃下储存一周后在25℃的温度下测量的单位为Pa*s的测得粘度。括号中的值表示粘度升高百分比。
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Claims (48)
1.热固化环氧树脂组合物，包含：
a)至少一种每分子具有平均多于一个环氧基团的环氧树脂A；
b)至少一种用于环氧树脂的固化剂B，其中所述固化剂B为选自戊二酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼和庚二酸二酰肼的二酰肼，并且二酰肼的平均粒径D50为≤100μm；和
c)至少一种式(Ia)或(Ib)的促进剂C
其中R1表示H或n价脂族、脂环族或芳脂族基团；
R2和R3
彼此独立地各自表示烷基或芳烷基；
或
一起表示具有3至20个碳原子的二价脂族基团，所述二价脂族基团为具有5至8个环原子的任选取代的杂环的一部分；
R1’表示n’价脂族、脂环族或芳脂族基团；
R2’表示烷基或芳烷基或烯基；
R3’彼此独立地表示H或烷基或芳烷基；并且
n和n’各自表示1至4的值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述固化剂B为己二酸二酰肼。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述二价脂族基团为具有6个环原子的任选取代的杂环的一部分。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，n和n’各自表示1或2的值。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，R1表示H，R2和R3各自表示甲基、乙基或丙基，并且n＝1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，R2和R3各自表示甲基。
7.根据权利要求1所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，R1表示R2和R3各自表示甲基、乙基或丙基，并且n＝2。
8.根据权利要求7所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，R2和R3各自表示甲基。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，环氧树脂A的环氧基团的摩尔份数/二酰肼的摩尔份数的比例为3-5。
10.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，环氧树脂A的环氧基团的摩尔份数/二酰肼的摩尔份数的比例为3.5-4.5。
11.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，二酰肼的平均粒径D50为≤50μm。
12.根据权利要求11所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，二酰肼的平均粒径D50为0.5-50μm。
13.根据权利要求11所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，二酰肼的平均粒径D50为1-50μm。
14.根据权利要求11所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，二酰肼的平均粒径D50为1-40μm。
15.根据权利要求11所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，二酰肼的平均粒径D50为1-20μm。
16.根据权利要求11所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，二酰肼的平均粒径D50为2-20μm。
17.根据权利要求11所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，二酰肼的平均粒径D50为2-15μm。
18.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述热固化环氧树脂组合物具有少于0.5重量％的双氰胺，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。
19.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述热固化环氧树脂组合物具有少于0.3重量％的双氰胺，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。
20.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述热固化环氧树脂组合物具有少于0.1重量％的双氰胺，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。
21.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，以克/摩尔环氧树脂A的环氧基团计，促进剂C的比例为0.01-0.5g/mol环氧基团。
22.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，以克/摩尔环氧树脂A的环氧基团计，促进剂C的比例为0.05-0.3g/mol环氧基团。
23.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，以克/摩尔环氧树脂A的环氧基团计，促进剂C的比例为0.075-0.2g/mol环氧基团。
24.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，以克/摩尔环氧树脂A的环氧基团计，促进剂C的比例为0.08-0.15g/mol环氧基团。
25.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，热固化环氧树脂组合物还包含至少一种增韧剂D，所述增韧剂D选自末端封闭的聚氨酯聚合物D1、液体橡胶D2和核-壳聚合物D3。
26.根据权利要求25所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述增韧剂D选自末端封闭的聚氨酯聚合物D1。
27.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，环氧树脂A的份数为10-60重量％，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。
28.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，环氧树脂A的份数为30-50重量％，以环氧树脂组合物的总重量计。
29.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂组合物在25℃下的粘度为500-3000Pa·s。
30.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂组合物在25℃下的粘度为1000-2500Pa·s。
31.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂组合物在25℃下的粘度为1000-2000Pa·s。
32.根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物作为单组分热固化粘合剂的用途。
33.根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物在车辆构造中作为热固化单组分车身粘合剂的用途。
34.用于粘合热稳定性基材的方法，包括如下步骤:
i)将根据权利要求1至31任一项所述的热固化环氧树脂组合物施用至热稳定性基材S1的表面上；
ii)使施用的热固化环氧树脂组合物与另一个热稳定性基材S2的表面接触；
iii)将组合物加热至100-220℃的温度；
其中基材S2由与基材S1相同或不同的材料组成。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中所述基材S1和/或S2是金属。
36.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中步骤iii)中将组合物加热至120-200℃之间的温度。
37.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中步骤iii)中将组合物加热至130和150℃之间的温度。
38.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中步骤iii)中将组合物加热至130和140℃之间的温度。
39.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中在步骤iii)中将组合物加热至100-220℃的温度，使组合物在上述温度下保持10min-6h。
40.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其中在步骤iii)中将组合物加热至120-200℃的温度。
41.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其中在步骤iii)中将组合物加热至130和150℃之间的温度。
42.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其中在步骤iii)中将组合物加热至130和140℃之间的温度。
43.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其中使组合物在所述温度下保持10min-2h。
44.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其中使组合物在所述温度下保持10min-60min。
45.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其中使组合物在所述温度下保持10min-30min。
46.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其中使组合物在所述温度下保持10min-20min。
47.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其中使组合物在所述温度下保持10min-15min。
48.通过根据权利要求34至47任一项所述的方法获得的经粘合制品。
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