CN113141981A - Method for planting pasture in grazing pasture field - Google Patents
Method for planting pasture in grazing pasture field Download PDFInfo
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- CN113141981A CN113141981A CN202110459950.0A CN202110459950A CN113141981A CN 113141981 A CN113141981 A CN 113141981A CN 202110459950 A CN202110459950 A CN 202110459950A CN 113141981 A CN113141981 A CN 113141981A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000219873 Vicia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 244000042324 Trifolium repens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013540 Trifolium repens var repens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000044552 Paspalum wettsteinii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241001330453 Paspalum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/70—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting pasture in a grazing pasture field, which comprises the following steps: after soil preparation, the smooth-leaf vetch is selected for sowing in the same year; in the next year, the smooth-leaf Chinese vetch is turned into the land as green manure, and the larch leaf barnyard grass, the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover are sowed in a mixed mode. According to the method, the smooth-leaf vetch seeds are planted firstly, so that the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited, the application of chemical fertilizer is reduced, the soil fertility is increased, then the carex baccans, the paspalum latifolium and the Trifolium repens seeds are sowed in a mixed mode, the utilization rate of the land and the yield of pasture are effectively improved through planting of various pastures, and the economic efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry, and particularly relates to a method for planting pasture in a grazing pasture field.
Background
The world grassland institute experts have proposed that "planting grass in the red and yellow soil region of the transitional zone is one of the most difficult topics in the world", which is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: firstly, the soil in the transitional zone is mainly red and yellow soil under the influence of the soil, and the soil is characterized by viscosity, acidity, thinness and plate, and poor fertilizer and water retention performance; secondly, under the influence of rainfall, the rainfall in the subtropical transition zone is generally rich, but the rainfall is mostly concentrated in 4-6 months, accounts for more than half of the annual rainfall, and is mainly heavy rainstorm, the rainfall in other seasons is less, and especially in 7-9 months of high-temperature drought, a plurality of pasture crops are in short dormancy or withered without high-temperature stress in the period; thirdly, under the influence of climate, in the transition zone of subtropical zone, the extreme maximum temperature reaches 43 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature reaches-7 ℃, which brings great difficulty to the perennial pasture grass during overwintering or overwintering.
At present, the combination of pasture mixed sowing is not much, and no method specially aiming at improving the grassland of the subtropical transition zone exists, most of the pasture mixed sowing methods are to select unicast varieties with the climatic conditions of the tropical zone for manual harvesting, such as high-yield varieties of Guimu Murraya I, Jujun grass, perennial pennisetum, sweet grasses and the like, or select combination varieties suitable for the climatic conditions of the temperate zone for grazing, such as the combination of perennial ryegrass and white clover and the like. The former is inverted at the end, so that abundant grassland resources are abandoned, the breeding cost is increased, and the improvement effect of the latter is not ideal.
Currently, grazing grassland improvement in subtropical transition zones is mainly implemented by perennial ryegrass and white clover according to the weight ratio of 3: 1 mixed sowing is the main technical means, and a small part adopts local flat-ear verbena to carry out rhizome propagation.
In the former technical scheme, perennial ryegrass and white clover have abundant nutritive values and are also the classic combination for improving grasslands at home and abroad, but the perennial ryegrass is not high-temperature resistant and cannot safely cross summer in subtropical transitional zones, although the white clover is formed, the characteristics of perennial bean variety are very suitable for being used as an improved variety for grazing, but the seedling period of the white clover is too long, and the white clover is easily covered by protogenic weed and miscellaneous trees without protection and is difficult to form. And perennial ryegrass and white clover belong to cold-season pasture, and cannot be normally supplied in 6-10 months in subtropical transitional zones, and needs to be reseeded in autumn, so that the domestic and foreign classical combination has great defects on technical routes when being placed in the subtropical transitional zones.
In the technical scheme of the latter, the verbena compressa is a common protogenic grass plant in subtropical transitional zones, is drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant, has no strict requirement on soil, early green turning, starts green turning in 3 months generally, and is hot in nature and low-temperature resistant. The extremely highest temperature reaches 39.8 ℃, the growth is good, branches and leaves at the temperature of-3 ℃ can still keep green, the leaf quantity is rich, the palatability is good, and the feed is an ideal food for herbivores, but the verbena platyphylla is extremely difficult to produce seeds, and basically only can be subjected to vegetative propagation by roots and stems, a large amount of labor cost is consumed, the roots of the verbena platyphylla secrete phenolic compounds to inhibit the growth of leguminous forage, when the verbena platyphylla is mixed with the leguminous forage, the leguminous forage grows badly, and the leguminous forage can provide natural crude protein for livestock, so that a pasture with badly grown leguminous forage cannot provide balanced nutrition for livestock.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a method for improving pasture in a pasture field, which can improve economic efficiency by improving the pasture.
According to one aspect of the invention, the method comprises the steps of: after soil preparation, the smooth-leaf vetch is selected for sowing in the same year; in the next year, the smooth-leaf Chinese vetch is turned into the land as green manure, and the larch leaf barnyard grass, the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover are sowed in a mixed mode.
In some embodiments of the invention, the grazing meadow comprises a grazing meadow in red and yellow soil areas.
In some embodiments of the invention, the sowing ratio of the seeds of the smooth-leaf Chinese vetch, the paspalum vaginatum, the paspalum broadleaf and the trefoil is (3-8): (1-3): (1-4): 1.
in some embodiments of the invention, the sowing ratio of the seeds of the smooth-leaf Chinese vetch, the paspalum vaginatum, the paspalum broadleaf and the trefoil is (3-6): (1-2): (1-3): 1.
in some embodiments of the invention, the sowing ratio of the seeds of the smooth-leaf Chinese vetch, the paspalum vaginatum, the paspalum broadleaf and the trefoil is 4: 2: 2: 1.
in some embodiments of the invention, the soil preparation comprises selecting a grazing grassland in red and yellow soil area, and removing impurities from the primary plants of the grazing grassland, and performing shallow ploughing once at a depth of 2-10 cm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sowing is in the form of mixed soil or unmanned aerial vehicle.
A method of increasing nitrogen fertilizer content of soil, the method comprising the steps of: planting smooth-leaf vetch; after the seeds grow, the smooth leaf vetch is turned into the soil and is used as green manure.
The method for planting pasture in the grazing grassland in the red and yellow soil area has at least the following beneficial effects: according to the method, the smooth-leaf vetch is planted firstly by planting the grass in batches, so that the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited, the biological nitrogen fixation characteristic of leguminous forage can be utilized, considerable nitrogen fertilizer is provided for other forage, the application of chemical fertilizer is reduced, the soil fertility is increased, the problem of insufficient fertility improvement of barren hills and barren slopes is solved, the cost is saved, and the environmental pollution is reduced. The broadleaf paspalum, the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover are sown, and a plurality of pastures are mixed to grow, wherein the broadleaf paspalum can effectively inhibit the growth of wild weeds by utilizing the growth advantages of the broadleaf paspalum, protect the growth of the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover, and meanwhile, the growth period of the broadleaf paspalum is short, so that the growth of the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover cannot be influenced. According to the scheme, the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover are used as main improved varieties of the grazing grassland, the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover have the advantages of being perennial, trampling-resistant, strong in regeneration capacity, developed in root system, and capable of fixing soil and retaining water, meanwhile, the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover are combined with the gramineae and leguminous, have rich nutritional values, good palatability, are favored by livestock, strong in stress resistance and have strong natural competitive advantages. According to the scheme, the utilization rate of land and the yield of pasture are effectively improved through planting of various pastures, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
The quality requirement of the seeds is as follows: the smooth-leaf vetch seed, the larch leaf and the broad leaf must meet the requirements of three-grade fine breeds specified in GB8080, namely the purity is not lower than 94%, the purity is not lower than 93%, the germination rate is not lower than 80%, and the water content is not higher than 10%.
The seeds used in the examples and the comparative examples were in the same batch and were planted under the same conditions, unless otherwise specified.
The smooth leaf vetch is a perennial or annual herb. The main roots are thick and strong, the depth of the seeds entering the soil reaches 1-1.5 m, the lateral roots are developed, the pods are rectangular and round, smooth and faint yellow, 2-6 seeds are contained, the seeds are spherical and black, and the thousand seed weight is 20-25 g. The feed value of the smooth vetch is equivalent to that of the hairy vetch which is favored by cattle, sheep, pigs and rabbits. The smooth-leaf vetch grows quickly and can be formed in one month generally, and the regeneration of other weeds can be effectively inhibited. The agricultural district of China is mainly green feeding. In the united states, as hay or silage, and also as silage or grazing. The fresh grass is harvested in the bud period, the yield per mu is 2000-3500 kg, if the grass is harvested for several times, yellowing or mildew and rot of lower leaves caused by too thick grass layers can be avoided, and the grass quality is tender.
The carex baccans have extremely strong adaptability to the environment, can still grow well at the high temperature of 35-40 ℃ and in a drought environment, can emerge after seeding for about one week, and contains 26.50% of crude protein in air-dried substances; contains 15 amino acids, the total amount is 16.21%. The content of lysine is especially high, 2.92%, and is high lysine grass. Has good feeding effect on herbivorous livestock and poultry such as cattle, sheep, rabbits, geese and the like.
The broadleaf foxtail grass has high yield, is resistant to early stage and pasture, has extensive management, strong adaptability, easy seed production, high yield, good symbiosis with various leguminous pastures, excellent palatability and high protein content, and is one of excellent pastures for improving grasslands in tropical and subtropical regions.
The white clover has wide adaptability, strong heat and cold resistance, can grow vigorously in acid soil and sandy soil, has excellent palatability and high digestibility, is favored by various livestock and poultry, and is suitable for breeding cattle, sheep, grass carp and the like. The nutrient components and the digestibility are higher than those of alfalfa and red clover. On natural grassland, the feeding value of grass group is increased with the increase of the specific gravity of the white clover, and the dry grass yield and the seed yield are different according to different regions, so that the dry grass has the characteristics of early germination, late decline and short grass supply season.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention relates to pasture planting in a grazing pasture in a red and yellow soil region, wherein pasture planting is carried out in a subarea in the Layer mountain area of the Fenghuang county of the Hunan soil family of the Hunan province, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) after land selection, the original plants of the original grazing grassland are subjected to impurity removal at the end of 9 months in the first year, weeds and miscellaneous trees are removed, and the land of the grazing grassland is ploughed to the depth of 8cm (the lower layer of immature soil is prevented from being ploughed up).
(2) The smooth leaf vetch is sowed in the grazing grassland 10 months in the first year, and the sowing amount is 4kg per mu.
(3) In the last 4 months of the next year, the improved land is harrowed loose again or ploughed densely, and the smooth-leaf vetch is turned into the soil and used as green manure.
(4) 2kg of paspalum vaginatum, 2kg of paspalum broadleaf and 1kg of trifolium repens seeds are sown in sequence on each mu of grassland, and the three seeds are sown in a mixing way; the mixed soil is adopted for broadcast sowing or unmanned aerial vehicle air sowing. And enclosing and banning grazing for 1 year.
(5) Pasture utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 50 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5cm when the forage grass is cut.
Example 2
The invention discloses an embodiment of pasture planting in a grazing pasture in a red and yellow soil area, wherein pasture seeds are the same as those in embodiment 1, the planting address is the same as that in embodiment 1, and pasture is planted in a subarea mode, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) after land selection, the original plants of the original grazing grassland are subjected to impurity removal at the end of 9 months in the first year, weeds and miscellaneous trees are removed, and the land of the grazing grassland is ploughed to the depth of 8cm (the lower layer of immature soil is prevented from being ploughed up).
(2) The smooth leaf vetch is sowed in the grazing grassland 10 months in the first year, and the sowing amount is 4kg per mu.
(3) In the last 4 months of the next year, the improved land is harrowed loose again or ploughed densely, and the smooth-leaf vetch is turned into the soil and used as green manure.
(4) 1kg of paspalum vaginatum, 2kg of paspalum broadleaf and 2kg of trifolium repens seeds are sown in sequence on each mu of grassland, and the sowing sequence of the three seeds is selected randomly; the mixed soil is adopted for broadcast sowing or unmanned aerial vehicle air sowing. And enclosing and banning grazing for 1 year.
(5) Pasture utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 50 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5cm when the forage grass is cut.
Example 3
The invention discloses an embodiment of pasture planting in a grazing pasture in a red and yellow soil area, wherein pasture seeds are the same as those in embodiment 1, the planting address is the same as that in embodiment 1, and pasture is planted in a subarea mode, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) after land selection, the original plants of the original grazing grassland are subjected to impurity removal at the end of 9 months in the first year, weeds and miscellaneous trees are removed, and the land of the grazing grassland is ploughed to the depth of 8cm (the lower layer of immature soil is prevented from being ploughed up).
(2) The smooth leaf vetch is sowed in the grazing grassland 10 months in the first year, and the sowing amount is 4kg per mu.
(3) In the last 4 months of the next year, the improved land is harrowed loose again or ploughed densely, and the smooth-leaf vetch is turned into the soil and used as green manure.
(4) 3kg of paspalum vaginatum, 1kg of paspalum broadleaf and 1kg of trifolium repens seeds are sown in sequence on each mu of grassland, and the sowing sequence of the three seeds is selected randomly; the mixed soil is adopted for broadcast sowing or unmanned aerial vehicle air sowing. And enclosing and banning grazing for 1 year.
(5) Pasture utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 50 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5cm when the forage grass is cut.
Comparative example 1
The invention relates to a comparative example of pasture planting in a grazing pasture field in a red and yellow soil area, wherein pasture seeds are the same as those in example 1, the planting address is the same as that in example 1, and pasture is planted in a subarea mode, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) after land selection, the original plants of the original grazing grassland are subjected to impurity removal at the end of 9 months in the first year, weeds and miscellaneous trees are removed, and the land of the grazing grassland is ploughed to the depth of 8cm (the lower layer of immature soil is prevented from being ploughed up).
(2) The smooth leaf vetch is sowed in the grazing grassland 10 months in the first year, and the sowing amount is 4kg per mu.
(3) In the last 4 months of the next year, the improved land is harrowed loose again or ploughed densely, and the smooth-leaf vetch is turned into the soil and used as green manure.
(4) 2kg of broadleaf paspalum and 1kg of trifolium repens seeds are sown in sequence in each mu of grassland, and the sowing sequence of the two seeds is selected randomly; the mixed soil is adopted for broadcast sowing or unmanned aerial vehicle air sowing. And enclosing and banning grazing for 1 year.
(5) Pasture utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 50 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5cm when the forage grass is cut.
Comparative example 2
The invention discloses an embodiment of pasture planting in a grazing pasture in a red and yellow soil area, wherein pasture seeds are the same as those in embodiment 1, the planting address is the same as that in embodiment 1, and pasture is planted in a subarea mode, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from the original plants in the original grazing grassland in the last ten days of 4 months, removing weeds and miscellaneous trees, and ploughing the land of the grazing grassland to the depth of 8 cm.
(2) Fresh vetch (the height is over 5cm, and the weight is the same as that obtained in the example) is purchased in the market, and the vetch is turned into the soil and is used as green manure.
(3) 2kg of paspalum vaginatum, 2kg of paspalum broadleaf and 1kg of trifolium repens seeds are sown in sequence on each mu of grassland, and the sowing sequence of the three seeds is selected randomly; the mixed soil is adopted for broadcast sowing or unmanned aerial vehicle air sowing. And enclosing and banning grazing for 1 year.
(4) Pasture utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 50 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5cm when the forage grass is cut.
Test examples
1. Forage grass yield
The total yield of the carex tare, paspalum broadleaved and trefoil grasses obtained in the second year of the schemes of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Forage grass yield in the second year |
| Example 1 | 6t |
| Example 2 | 5.8t |
| Example 3 | 3.5t |
| Comparative example 1 | 3t |
| Comparative example 2 | 5.2t |
The experimental results are shown in table 1, and it can be seen from the table that the pasture yield is effectively improved by optimizing the composition of pasture in a pasture field, and the pasture composition scheme improved by the scheme of the invention reasonably utilizes the pasture field, and the growth of the pasture is basically not influenced by the environment of subtropical transition zones.
2. Growth rate of weeds
The grass growth rates obtained after the mixed sowing of the improved pasture by the schemes of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in table 2, and it can be seen from the table that the growth of the weeds is effectively inhibited by optimizing the composition of the pasture in the pasture.
TABLE 2
| Group of | First year weed growth rate | Second year weed growth rate |
| Example 1 | 15％ | 8％ |
| Example 2 | 18％ | 12％ |
| Example 3 | 15％ | 10％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 16％ | 26％ |
| Comparative example 2 | - | 9％ |
Grassland monitoring is carried out to the improvement meadow in the later stage, can forbid pasturing or slight grazing in the first year, and grassland pasture can carry out normal grazing in turn in the area of cutting in the second year to in good time carry out the reseeding to grazing or degenerated area.
The nitrogen fixed by one mu of smooth leaf vetch is equivalent to about 13 kg of urea.
In conclusion, the pasture mixed sowing method is used for mixed sowing of pasture in the red and yellow soil areas in the subtropical zone, the pasture is basically not influenced by local climate, the yield of the pasture is effectively improved, no nitrogen fertilizer is used, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (7)
1. A method of pasture planting in a grazing pasture, the method comprising the steps of: after soil preparation, the smooth-leaf vetch is selected for sowing in the same year; in the next year, the smooth-leaf Chinese vetch is turned into the land as green manure, and the larch leaf barnyard grass, the broadleaf paspalum and the white clover are sowed in a mixed mode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the grazing meadow comprises a grazing meadow in red and yellow soil areas.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing ratio of the seeds of the smooth-leaf vetch, the paspalum vaginatum, the paspalum broadleavi and the trefoil leaves is (3-8): (1-3): (1-4): 1.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing ratio of the seeds of the smooth-leaf vetch, the paspalum vaginatum, the paspalum broadleavi and the trefoil leaves is (3-6): (1-2): (1-3): 1.
5. the method of claim 1, wherein the land preparation comprises a grazing pasture, and the native plants of the grazing pasture are decontaminated by shallow ploughing once to a depth of 2-10 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeding is broadcast in the form of a compost or unmanned aerial vehicle.
7. A method for improving the nitrogen fertilizer content of soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: planting smooth-leaf vetch; after the seeds grow, the smooth leaf vetch is turned into the soil and used as green manure.
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