CN108040552A - A kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimizes hybrid sowing method - Google Patents
A kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimizes hybrid sowing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108040552A CN108040552A CN201711320739.0A CN201711320739A CN108040552A CN 108040552 A CN108040552 A CN 108040552A CN 201711320739 A CN201711320739 A CN 201711320739A CN 108040552 A CN108040552 A CN 108040552A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of grazing pasture forage grasses to optimize hybrid sowing method, it is therefore intended that, by the mixed seeding of forage grass, the utilization rate in soil is improved, the output capacity of herbage is improved, improves business efficiency, used technical solution is：Comprise the following steps：1) start after the smooth soil of basal dressing；2) Hairy vetch, rye grass, orchardgrass, broad bean and juncea seeds are screened；3) seed is subjected to drilling or broadcasted sowing in progress, and poured water after broadcasting, seedbed keeps enough soil moisture；4) periodically water after earthing.
Description
Technical field
This application involves farm animals nutrition and feed professional skill field, and in particular to a kind of grazing pasture forage grass is excellent
Change hybrid sowing method.
Background technology
Milk cow is the ox of dairy breed, and by the improved seeds that height selection and breeding are bred, the milk cow in China is mainly with black and white
Evaporated milk Niu Weizhu introduced this kind since 1980 bureau of animal husbandry of Shandong Province cattle and sheep cultivation base, this varietal adaptation is strong, distribution
Scope is wide, the output of milk is high, resistance to crude feed.Fresian is also china holstein cows, and china holstein cows have more than 100 years
History, breeding process is extremely complex.In short, it is for cenospecies by the height of purebred Holstein and local cow, through long-term
Selection and breeding form.Milk nutrition is comprehensive, is the important source material for the drink and modern dairy industry for being suitble to long-term drinking.
At present, it is also growing day by day to the demand of fresh milk with the development of dairy industry, the prosperity of milk cow production is driven, at present,
There are still shortcoming, China's milk cow production is feeds utilized main for the science raise competence of China milk cow and milk cow entirety production capacity
Based on the plant byproducts such as cereal, stalk, Wild Grass, high-quality feed extremely lacks, and grass industry is to ensure China grass poultry
The material base of industry particularly dairy sustainable development.2012, hay import total amount in China's was 46.02 ten thousand tons, import gold
Volume is 18037.22 ten thousand dollars.Wherein, 44.22 ten thousand tons of alfalfa hay, 1.75 ten thousand tons of tall oat grass import total amount.Related data is united
Meter, Chinese at least as many as 10,000,000 tons of 1 year demand to high quality forage, but the herbage to circulate at present in Chinese market is general
Only 500,000-70 ten thousand tons or so, this far from disclosure satisfy that the growth requirement in Chinese plant-eating animal aquaculture future.China's grass
Food animal stills need import to the 15% of herbage total demand, the high quality forage of southern area more than 50% need external harmonics into
Mouthful.Single pasture growing wastes than more serious land resource, the pasture growing of single variety compared to mixed seeding plantation for,
Business efficiency is relatively low.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, present applicant proposes a kind of grazing pasture forage grasses to optimize hybrid sowing method, leads to
The mixed seeding of forage grass is crossed, improves the utilization rate in soil, improves business efficiency.
In order to achieve the goal above, technical solution is used by the application：Comprise the following steps：
1) start after the smooth soil of basal dressing；
2) Hairy vetch, rye grass, orchardgrass, broad bean and juncea seeds are screened；
3) seed is subjected to drilling or broadcasted sowing in progress, and poured water after broadcasting, seedbed keeps enough soil moisture；
4) periodically water after earthing.
In the method in rice field autumn sowing, first shallow winter breaking or no-tillage, and hold irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches successfully；
In cotton field, corn field, jowar field or fruit tree row interplant, carry out starting drilling；
In spring cornfield interplanting, start broadcasting sowing.
Soil pH is 4.5~5.5 in the method, and the soil texture is sand to rich clay, and salt content is less than 0.2%.
The sowing time is in the method：Lower course area of Yellow River is in August early and middle ten days；Northern Area of Huaihe River is on mid-August to September
Ten days；The Northwest's set multiple cropping is mid or late May.
The sub- seed of Hairy vetch application rate early sowing or fertile for 3~4kg per acre, late sowing or be meagerly 4~5kg；
Application rate is 0.5~1kg to seed of cocksfoot per acre, and application rate is 3~4kg to ryegrass seed per acre, Broad Bean Seeds application rate per acre
For 10~12kg, application rate is 0.4~0.5kg to juncea seeds per acre.
The sub- seed of Hairy vetch uses drilling of going together with ryegrass seed in the method；The sub- seed of Hairy vetch with
Row drilling between seed of cocksfoot and Broad Bean Seeds use, juncea seeds are to broadcast sowing.
Line-spacing in the method on soil is 40~50cm, and the line-spacing for making by several times or taking out row harvesting is 25~30cm.
Thickness of earth-fill cover is 3~4cm in the method.
Base manure is phosphate fertilizer in the method.
Compared with prior art, Hairy vetch, rye grass, orchardgrass, broad bean and leaf mustard are carried out mixed seeding by the application, more
Kind herbage mixed growth, is particularly with the addition of bean, bean has the function of biological nitrogen fixation, can be provided for other herbages
Considerable nitrogenous fertilizer reduces the application of chemical fertilizer, not only saves cost, but also reduces environmental pollution.A variety of pasture growings improve soil simultaneously
The utilization rate on ground improves the output capacity of herbage, improves business efficiency.
Specific embodiment
The application is further explained with reference to specific embodiment.
Herbage refers generally to the grass used for the livestock raised or other herbaceous plant.Herbage regrowth power is strong, can gather within 1 year
Repeatedly, rich in various trace elements and vitamin, therefore as the first choice of stock raising.The quality of herbage variety directly influences
The height of animal husbandry economy benefit need to be paid attention to.
A variety of herbages carry out mixed seeding, can improve the utilization rate in soil, improve the output capacity of herbage, improve business efficiency.
The application carries out mixed seeding using Hairy vetch, rye grass, orchardgrass, broad bean and juncea seeds.
Hairy vetch is that more year is raw or annual herb.Main root is sturdy, buries as deep as 1~1.5m, lateral root prosperity；It is main
Stem unobvious, there is 2~5 branch sections, primary branch 5~20, and 2~3 branches often up to over one hundred more than 30, are crawled climing
It is raw, long 1.53m.Even numbers pinnate compound leaf.Raceme, corolla butterfly, reddish violet.Pod square is circular, smooth, faint yellow, containing kind
Son 2~6, seed is spherical, black, 20~25g of thousand grain weigth.The feeding value of Smooth vetch is equivalent to villose vetch, ox,
Sheep, the equal eating of pig, rabbit.China's agriculture district is based on green grass or young crops feeding.It is used as hay or ensilage in the U.S., also make blue or green feeding or herds.
Squaring period gathers in, per mu yield 2000~3500kg of fresh grass, if gathered in by several times, can cause lower blade to avoid due to grass layer is too thick
Yellow or mould corruption, and herbaceous stem is tenderer.
Rye blade of grass amount is big, soft texture, yield are high, quality is good, persistence is strong.Except be suitble to the various livestock and poultry of feeding it
Outside and the good feed of fish.It has been increasingly becoming the first choice that southern china fits kind of regional agriculture and animal husbandry field and wide farmers kind grass stock keeping
Kind.The hygrophilous profit of rye grass property, Cold and cool climate can plant in 500~1500 millimeters of place of annual precipitation, such as Yunnan-Guizhou is high
The ground such as mountain area, hills area and the West Henan of the provinces and regions such as original, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, the rainfall is plentiful or has
The regional representation of irrigation conditions is more outstanding.Hay utilization can be herded and modulated to English ryegrass, the grazing season up to 140~
200 days.English ryegrass meadow can keep vigorous growth potential, 4000~5000 kilograms of per mu yield fresh grass for continuous 5 years or more
More than；Under conditions of liquid manure abundance, per mu yield fresh grass is up to 7500 kilograms or more, and the crude protein content of leafage phase is up to
More than 18%.
The digestibility and crude protein content of orchardgrass are high (more than 18%), and herbaceous stem is soft, possesses longer vegetative growth phase.Happiness
It cools, mild weather, autumn growth is the most active, and early spring can start to grow.Meadow does not wane for many years once built up, resistance to
Herding property, disease resistance are relatively strong (especially rust), but winter resistance is weaker.Leaf-stem ratio is high, and leaf amount is big, is not only the ideal of grazing meadow
Planting kind modulates high-quality hay after can also cradling.The sufficient area plantation of water, green forage yield are reachable on the south the Yellow River
4000~5000 kilograms, if benign climate, cultivation management are got caught up in, per mu yield fresh grass reaches as high as 10000 kilograms.During harvesting
Phase, should with livestock and poultry species and age difference.Raising adult domestic animal is advisable with booting and heading stage harvesting；Young age livestock and poultry are raised,
It should be advisable with jointing to boot stage harvesting.Gather in too late, fiber increases, quality decline, can also influence to regenerate.According to surveying and determination, just spend
Phase, Regrowth hay yield declined 15%~26% compared with heading stage cradles.
Broad bean is annual herb, high 30-100 (120) centimetre.Main root is short and thick, pogoniasis root, root nodule pink, intensive.Stem
It is sturdy, uprightly, have tetragonous, it is hollow, hairless.Even number pinnate compound leaf, the tendril cripetura of rachis top are mucro；Stipule halberd capitiform or
Nearly triangular shape is avette, slightly sawtooth, has the close gland point of darkviolet；Usual 1-3 pairs of leaflet, two sides is hairless.Raceme axillary, flower
Obstruct nearly nothing；Calyx is bell, calyx tooth lanceolar, and lower calyx tooth is longer；Tool flower 2-4 (- 6) is born in axil in plexi, and corolla is white,
Ala is shorter than vexil, is longer than fossil fragments；Style is close by white pubescence, and top abaxial side has a branch of beard.Broad bean nutritive value enriches,
Containing 8 kinds of essential amino acids.Carbohydrate content 47%~60%, edible, also capable of using as feed, green manure and nectariferous plant kind
It plants, is grain, vegetables and feed, green manure dual-purpose crop.Broad bean can fix the nitrogen in air by rhizobium.
Leaf mustard (scientific name：Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.et Coss.) it is Cruciferae, the annual grass of Btassica
This plant, high up to 150 centimetres, young stem and leaf have seta, there is pungent；Stem is upright, bucket shank tool lobelet；The lower portion of the stem leaf compared with
Small, edge is incised or tooth, the narrow lanceolar of stem upper leaf, and edge tool unobvious dredge tooth or full edge.Raceme basidixed, Hua Hou
Extend；Flower yellow, sepal is faint yellow, long round shape ellipse, upright to carry out；Petal obovate, siliqua is linear, and seed is spherical,
Puce.The 3-5 months bloom, 5-6 month results.It cultivates all over China.Leaf is salted edible；Seed and herb hyoscine, can resolving sputum
It relievings asthma, swelling and pain relieving；Ground seeds claim mustard, are flavoring；The oil squeezed out claims mustard oil；This kind is excellent nectariferous plant.
Leaf mustard can be used as herbage pasture, and nutriment enriches.
The application comprises the following steps：
1) start after the smooth soil of basal dressing, the line-spacing on soil is 40~50cm, makees by several times or take out the line-spacing of row harvesting
For 25~30cm；Base manure is phosphate fertilizer；Soil pH be 4.5~5.5, the soil texture for sand to rich clay, salt content is less than
0.2%；
2) Hairy vetch, rye grass, orchardgrass, broad bean and juncea seeds are screened, sieves just shrivelled seed；
3) seed is subjected to drilling or broadcasted sowing in progress, and poured water after broadcasting, seedbed keeps enough soil moisture；Light leaf is purple
Application rate early sowing or fertile ground are 3~4kg to flower sweet potato seed per acre, late sowing or be meagerly 4~5kg；Seed of cocksfoot application rate per acre
For 0.5~1kg, application rate is 3~4kg to ryegrass seed per acre, and application rate is 10~12kg to Broad Bean Seeds per acre, leaf mustard kind
Application rate is 0.4~0.5kg to son per acre；The sub- seed of Hairy vetch is with ryegrass seed using drilling of going together；Hairy vetch
Row drilling between sub- seed and seed of cocksfoot and Broad Bean Seeds use, juncea seeds are to broadcast sowing；
4) periodically water after earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is 3~4cm.
In method in rice field autumn sowing, first shallow winter breaking or no-tillage, and hold irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches successfully；
In cotton field, corn field, jowar field or fruit tree row interplant, carry out starting drilling；
In spring cornfield interplanting, start broadcasting sowing.
The sowing time is in method：Lower course area of Yellow River is in August early and middle ten days；Northern Area of Huaihe River is in mid-August to early September；
The Northwest's set multiple cropping is mid or late May.
Soil and farming：The application wide adaptability can be planted from Plain to the mountain area of height above sea level 2000m, in red slope
So that the equal well-grown of alkali sand between the Yellow River and Huai He River.Cold resistance is strong, when temperature be less than -10~-20 DEG C when overground part start to endure cold.
Southern Shandong Province energy safe overwintering.Resistance to morning property is strong, also compared with energy moisture-proof before squaring period.The ability of barren tolerance and inhibition weeds is strong,
Can be in pH4.5~5.5, quality is sand to rich clay, and salt content is less than less than 0.2% various grown on soil.
The preferably first shallow winter breaking or no-tillage of rice field autumn sowing, will hold irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches successfully；In cotton field, corn field, jowar field and fruit tree
Row interplant starts drilling；Spring cornfield interplanting is poured water with broadcasting sowing after broadcasting, and seedbed must maintain preferable soil moisture.
Sowing time：Spring sowing, autumn sowing are all suitable, and sowing date for early sowing is the key that obtain high yield, and lower course area of Yellow River is preferably in August
The upper, the middle ten days；The Huaibei is mid-August to early September；The Northwest's set multiple cropping in 5 months, the last ten-days period.Germination thermophilic for 20~
25 DEG C, temperature then stops growing down to overground part at 3~5 DEG C, and 20 DEG C or so growths are most fast, also bear pods most beneficial for blooming, cloudy
Rain can influence pollination of blooming.
Seeding method and application rate：The application rate early sowing or fertile for 3~4kg per acre of Hairy vetch, late sowing or meagerly
For 4~5kg, 40~50cm of line-spacing, it is 25~30cm, 3~4cm of thickness of earth-fill cover to make by several times or take out row harvesting.Phosphate fertilizer has well
Effect of increasing production, preferably make base manure application.
Hairy vetch with broad bean can also add leaf mustard mixed seeding, can so improve young crops with rye grass or orchardgrass mixed seeding
Height, usually with rye grass One-line mixed sowing, orchardgrass and broad bean be between row sowing, leaf mustard is broadcasts sowing, and application rate is duck per acre
0.5~1kg of thatch, 3~4kg of rye grass, 10~12kg of broad bean, 0.4~0.5kg of leaf mustard.
Field management：Full period harm is aphid, and the harm of flower pod phase has thrips, bean-pod borer, preferably checks prevention in time.Disease
Evil can use 25% carbendazim (1 using leaf spot to be common：250) spray, the aphid of band poison can transmitted virus it is sick, nothing can be caused
Harvest, therefore should thoroughly prevent eliminating aphis first.
The feeding value of Hairy vetch is equivalent to villose vetch, ox, sheep, the equal eating of pig, rabbit.China's agriculture district is raised with green grass or young crops
Based on.It is used as hay or ensilage in the U.S., also make blue or green feeding or herds.It is gathered in squaring period, per mu yield fresh grass 2000~
3500kg, can be to avoid causing lower blade yellow or mould corruption if gathered in by several times due to grass layer is too thick, and herbaceous stem is tenderer.
It can respectively be received 1 time in late March and the first tenday period of a month in May in the sowing of September part in yangtse-huaihe region, in August, the last ten-days period sow and well-grown
, can respectively be received 1 time in facing winter, early spring and early summer, can also heavy seeding and take out capable harvesting in batches, to increase the number of harvesting and production
Amount.Herbage quality is with higher before squaring period.Smooth vetch is also good green manure and nurse crop, in orchard it can be utilized hard
Autumn is spontaneous every year for seed (usually containing 10-15%) characteristic, and is covered in 3~June.Also it can be used as opening up wasteland the pioneer of virgin soil
Crop has good compacting weeds and Effect of improving soil, when making green manure in farmland, before being rice, cotton, seeding corn and other crops
Make, timing tillage, obvious effect of increasing production is as follows in squaring period fresh grass fertilizer component:Full nitrogen 0.50%, phosphorus pentoxide
0.13%th, potassium oxide 0.43%.Hairy vetch is also good nectariferous plant, and the florescence is up to 1 month, and sweet matter is good, and 1 mu can
Honey 25kg or so is provided.
The application by Hairy vetch, rye grass, orchardgrass, broad bean and leaf mustard carry out mixed seeding, a variety of herbage mixed growths,
Bean is particularly with the addition of, bean has the function of biological nitrogen fixation, and considerable nitrogenous fertilizer can be provided for other herbages, reduces
The application of chemical fertilizer not only saves cost, but also reduces environmental pollution.A variety of pasture growings improve the utilization rate in soil simultaneously, improve
The output capacity of herbage, improves business efficiency.
It should be noted that term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to the bag of nonexcludability
Contain, so that article or equipment including a series of elements not only include those elements, but also including not arranging clearly
It the other element that goes out or further includes as elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or device.Not more
In the case of limitation, the element that is limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that in the process including the element, side
Also there are other identical elements in method, article or equipment.
The above is only the specific embodiment of the application, is made skilled artisans appreciate that or realizing this Shen
Please.A variety of modifications of these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, it is as defined herein
General Principle can in other embodiments be realized in the case where not departing from spirit herein or scope.Therefore, the application
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The most wide scope caused.
It should be appreciated that the application is not limited to that the content shown is described above, and can not depart from
Its scope is carry out various modifications and changed.Scope of the present application is only limited by appended claim.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimizes hybrid sowing method, which is characterized in that comprises the following steps：
1) start after the smooth soil of basal dressing；
2) Hairy vetch, rye grass, orchardgrass, broad bean and juncea seeds are screened；
3) seed is subjected to drilling or broadcasted sowing in progress, and poured water after broadcasting, seedbed keeps enough soil moisture；
4) periodically water after earthing.
2. a kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimization hybrid sowing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the method
During the autumn sowing of rice field, first shallow winter breaking or no-tillage, and hold irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches successfully；
In cotton field, corn field, jowar field or fruit tree row interplant, carry out starting drilling；
In spring cornfield interplanting, start broadcasting sowing.
3. a kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimization hybrid sowing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that native in the method
Earth pH is 4.5~5.5, and the soil texture is sand to rich clay, and salt content is less than 0.2%.
4. a kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimization hybrid sowing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that broadcast in the method
Kind of time is：Lower course area of Yellow River is in August early and middle ten days；Northern Area of Huaihe River is in mid-August to early September；The Northwest's set multiple cropping is 5
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon.
5. a kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimization hybrid sowing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the smooth leaf is pale reddish brown
The application rate early sowing or fertile for 3~4kg per acre of sweet potato seed, late sowing or be meagerly 4~5kg；Application rate is seed of cocksfoot per acre
0.5~1kg, application rate is 3~4kg to ryegrass seed per acre, and application rate is 10~12kg to Broad Bean Seeds per acre, and juncea seeds are every
Mu application rate is 0.4~0.5kg.
A kind of 6. grazing pasture forage grass optimization hybrid sowing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that light in the method
The pale reddish brown sweet potato seed of leaf is with ryegrass seed using drilling of going together；The sub- seed of Hairy vetch is adopted with seed of cocksfoot and Broad Bean Seeds
With a row drilling, juncea seeds are to broadcast sowing.
7. a kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimization hybrid sowing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that native in the method
Line-spacing on earth is 40~50cm, and the line-spacing for making by several times or taking out row harvesting is 25~30cm.
8. a kind of grazing pasture forage grass optimization hybrid sowing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that covered in the method
Native depth is 3~4cm.
A kind of 9. grazing pasture forage grass optimization hybrid sowing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that base in the method
Fertilizer is phosphate fertilizer.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109804862A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-28 | 兰州大学 | A kind of planting and management method on dogstail-Trifolium repense meadow |
| CN111657078A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-15 | 河南省饲草饲料站 | Forage grass high-yield rotation method in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
| CN112335492A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-09 | 宜宾学院 | Hybrid sowing method for oat, rape, smooth leaf and sweet potato in winter fallow field |
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| CN109804862A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-28 | 兰州大学 | A kind of planting and management method on dogstail-Trifolium repense meadow |
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| CN112335492A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-09 | 宜宾学院 | Hybrid sowing method for oat, rape, smooth leaf and sweet potato in winter fallow field |
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