CN115633608A - Compound management method for moringa oleifera and silage corn for feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite operation method of moringa oleifera and silage corn for feed, which comprises the following measures: the method comprises the following steps of (1) land parcel selection and planning, (2) seed selection, (3) a sowing method, (4) field management, (5) harvesting and (6) feeding. According to the invention, a composite operation mode of feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn is provided in a limited cultivated land range, so that the feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn can be efficiently produced and utilized; the technology can reduce the planting and maintenance cost, realize multiple harvesting within one year, fully ensure the supply of feed raw materials, reduce the added feed expenditure required by single feeding of the moringa oleifera/silage corns, better combine with the practical application of feeding, realize the income increase of farmers and herdsmen and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

Description

Compound management method for moringa oleifera and silage corn for feed

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to a composite operation method of moringa oleifera and silage corn for feed.

Background

The Moringa oleifera (Moringa 0 leiferae Lam.) also called drumstick tree, miraculous tree and the like for feeding belongs to the Moringaceae of feeding Moringa (Moringa Adans), tropical and subtropical deciduous woody vegetables and oil plants, is native to India and Africa, can be eaten by leaves, flowers, tender buds, tender stems, tender pods and roots, has rich and comprehensive nutrition, is the best source of various nutrients such as vegetable protein, vitamin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, calcium, iron, selenium and the like which are discovered at present, and has the medical health-care effects of treating hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, enhancing physical strength, inhibiting germs and the like. The feeding moringa oleifera is a fast-growing tree species, has long main roots, is high-temperature resistant and drought resistant, has the optimal growth temperature of 25-35 ℃, can adapt to various soil types, has the best sandy loam, can normally grow when the pH value of the soil is in the range of 4.5-8, and is suitable for being planted in tropical and southern subtropical regions in China with the altitude of less than 600 m. In recent years, due to the influence of the dramatic increase of the demand of moringa oleifera for feed, the price of the moringa oleifera for feed is increased year by year, and the raw material supply is insufficient. Tropical and subtropical regions such as Hainan, yunnan, guangxi and the like are the underground production regions of the moringa oleifera for feeding, the quality of the produced moringa oleifera for feeding is better, the moringa oleifera for feeding is developed at a high speed with the increasing demand of the livestock breeding industry for high-quality feed, however, the development process of the moringa oleifera for feeding is hindered due to the shortage of land resources and the incapability of efficiently converting and utilizing the moringa oleifera feed.

The silage corns are special corns for the livestock and poultry feed, have the advantages of rich nutrition, good palatability, high digestibility and the like, and are widely planted and popularized in China since a 'grain-to-feed trial plan' is started in 2015. The feed moringa stem and leaf is brought into the feed raw material catalog of China, the feed moringa leaf protein content is up to 27 percent, and the feed moringa stem and leaf can be used as a high-quality protein feed source. The moringa leaves for feed contain a plurality of active ingredients such as flavonoids, polyphenols, phenylpropanoids, terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, isothiocyanates, organic acids and the like, have pharmacological activities such as blood sugar reduction, uric acid reduction, tumor resistance, blood fat regulation, oxidation resistance, liver protection and the like, can improve the production performance, oxidation resistance and immunity of livestock and poultry by adding the moringa leaves for feed into livestock and poultry feed, regulate intestinal health and improve the quality of meat, eggs and milk, are applied to livestock and poultry breeding of cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, ducks, geese and the like at present, and have good economic and social benefits. Meanwhile, the development of silage corns or feeding moringa oleifera single cropping in a large area in a limited farmland range of China inevitably generates the contradiction of land competition with grain crops, so that the development space is limited. Therefore, the feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn compound operation mode can increase the types of feed, improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry and promote income increase, is favorable for national food safety, and is favorable for grassland ecological protection and sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry.

Although the feeding moringa oleifera has rich nutritive value and good efficacy value, the research on the feeding safety of the feeding moringa oleifera is still in the initial stage at present, and when the feeding moringa oleifera is used as a feed, the feed is generally added to daily ration of livestock and poultry in proportion, so that when the feed is actually applied by farmers, the expenditure of other feeding raw materials needs to be increased, and the technical popularization is limited. Meanwhile, only the moringa oleifera serving as a feed is used, limited land resources and light and warm water resources cannot be efficiently utilized, the planting technology is single, and the benefit maximization cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a composite operation method of feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn, which solves the contradiction that the silage corn or the feeding moringa oleifera develops in a large area in a limited farmland range of China to compete with grain crops, and solves the problems that the efficiency of collecting feed raw materials is low, the yield and the quality are not guaranteed, the animal feeding proportion is not scientific, and the utilization efficiency of the feed is not high.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a composite operation method of moringa oleifera and silage corn for feed comprises the following measures:

(1) Land parcel selection and planning: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, loose soil layer, good drainage, sufficient illumination and no heavy metal pollution, removing weeds on the land blocks, applying enough base fertilizer by using 1 ton/mu of farmyard manure, ploughing and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer, ploughing the soil to a depth of more than 25cm, and leveling the land.

(2) Selecting seeds; selecting feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn seeds with mature and full seeds, no plant diseases and insect pests, seed purity of more than or equal to 98 percent and germination rate of more than 95 percent, selecting seeds of feeding moringa varieties with luxuriant branches and leaves, and selecting big 808 varieties of silage corn.

(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: sowing 2 silage corns and/or feeding moringa seeds in each planting pond for 3-4 months, covering soil for the feeding moringa seeds for 3-5 cm, and compacting, and covering soil for the corn seeds for 2-3 cm; every row of silage maize and peppery wood for feed are planted at interval, and every row of planting mode is the same, and peppery wood for feed: the interval planting proportion of the silage corns is 1:1, 2 silage corns or feeding moringa seeds per pond.

(4) Field management: after the feeding moringa oleifera and corn germinate for 10-15 days, observing the seedling sprouting condition, removing weak seedlings, performing additional planting, and removing weeds in time; 10kg of compound fertilizer with 40 to 45 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is used as seed fertilizer per mu; irrigating once every 4-5 days to keep the soil moist, and draining water in rainy days.

(5) Harvesting: harvesting the whole silage corn plant, cutting the stems of the feeding moringa oleifera for harvesting while harvesting the silage corn, wherein the stubble height of the feeding moringa oleifera is 30-60 cm, and 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is additionally added to each mu of the harvested feeding moringa oleifera.

(6) Feeding: airing the feeding moringa oleifera and the silage corn in the step (5), crushing to 1-2 cm, adding an EM (effective microorganism) fermentation agent for silage, and mixing the components in percentage by weight: the feeding quality ratio of the feeding moringa oleifera is 80:20.

further, in the step (3), feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn are planted in the middle rows, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the row spacing is 50cm.

Further, the harvesting height of the feeding moringa oleifera in the step (5) is 60cm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention provides a compound operation mode of feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn in a limited cultivated land range so as to realize the high-efficiency production of the feeding moringa oleifera and the silage corn. The technology can reduce the planting and maintenance cost, realize multiple harvesting within one year, fully ensure the supply of feed raw materials, reduce the added feed expenditure required by single feeding of the moringa oleifera/silage corns, better combine with the practical application of feeding, realize the income increase of farmers and herdsmen and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

2. The technology for efficiently planting, harvesting and feeding the moringa oleifera for feeding and the silage corn is integrated for the first time, a composite operation method for the moringa oleifera for feeding and the silage corn is provided, the supply and the quality of feed raw materials are guaranteed, the growth performance of feeding animals is obviously improved, systematization of planting and processing technologies is realized, the production and utilization level of the feed raw materials is improved, the important significance is realized for relieving the supply pressure of high-quality feed in China and reducing the dependence of the breeding industry on grain crops such as grains and soybeans, and the positive promotion effect is realized for guaranteeing grain and ecological safety.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a graph of the effect of different proportions of silage corn and feed moringa on bovine body weight.

Fig. 2 shows seven different planting patterns.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A compound operation method of moringa oleifera and silage corn for feed comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Land selection and planning: selecting land parcels with flat topography, loose soil layer, good drainage, sufficient illumination and no heavy metal pollution, removing weeds on the parcels, applying sufficient base fertilizer by 1 ton/mu of farmyard manure, ploughing and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer, wherein the ploughing depth of soil is more than 25cm, and leveling the land;

(2) Selecting seeds; selecting feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn seeds with mature and full seeds, no plant diseases and insect pests, seed purity of more than or equal to 98 percent and germination rate of more than 95 percent, selecting seeds of feeding moringa varieties with luxuriant branches and leaves, and selecting big 808 varieties of silage corn;

(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: in 3-4 months, 7 different planting modes are specifically designed, feeding moringa oleifera and silage corns are planted in rows, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, 2 seeds are sown in each planting pond, the feeding moringa oleifera seeds are covered with soil for 3-5 cm and compacted, and the corn seeds are covered with soil for 2-3 cm and compacted.

Specific experiments design 7 different planting modes, the planting pattern is shown in detail in fig. 2, and the specific settings are as follows:

(a) Directly mixing and planting feed moringa oleifera and silage corn:

MC1: 2 silage corn seeds and 2 feeding moringa seeds are planted in each pond.

(b) And (3) alternately and mixedly planting feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn:

and MC2: the feeding moringa oleifera and the silage corn are planted in a mixed mode in an interlaced mode, the silage corn and the feeding moringa oleifera are planted in an alternate mode in each row and in an interlaced mode in each row, and 2 silage corns or feeding moringa oleifera seeds are planted in each pond.

MC3: the quantity ratio of the seeds planted by the moringa oleifera for feed and the silage corns is 20:80, the feed moringa seeds can not be planted adjacently, and 2 silage corns or feed moringa seeds are planted in each pond.

MC4: the seed quantity proportion of the moringa oleifera for feed and the silage corn is 40:60, feeding moringa seeds can not be planted adjacently, and 2 silage corns or feeding moringa seeds are planted in each pond.

MC5: the quantity ratio of seeds planted by the moringa oleifera for feed and the silage corns is 50:50, planting the silage corns and the feeding moringa oleifera at intervals in each row, wherein the planting mode of each row is the same, and 2 silage corns or feeding moringa oleifera seeds are planted in each pond.

MC6: the seed quantity proportion of the moringa oleifera for feed and the silage corn is 60:40, the silage corn seeds cannot be planted adjacently, and 2 silage corns or feed moringa seeds are planted in each pond.

MC7: the seed quantity proportion of the moringa oleifera for feed and the silage corn is 80:20, silage corn seeds cannot be planted adjacently, and 2 silage corns or feed moringa seeds are planted in each pond.

The MC 2-MC 7 are 2 seeds in each pond, the area of a test cell is 30 square meters (6 m multiplied by 5 m), 4 repeats are set, and a planting diagram is shown in figure 2.

(4) Field management: after the feeding moringa oleifera and corn germinate for 10-15 days, observing the seedling sprouting condition, removing weak seedlings, small seedlings and diseased seedlings, performing replanting, and removing weeds in time. 10kg of compound fertilizer with 40 to 45 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is used as seed fertilizer per mu; irrigating once every 4-5 days to keep the soil moist, and paying attention to water drainage in rainy days.

(5) Harvesting: harvesting the whole silage corn plants, cutting the feeding moringa oleifera with the stubble height of 10-60 cm to harvest the stalks while harvesting the silage corn, and adding 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu after harvesting the feeding moringa oleifera; wherein, set up different stubble heights of staying, specifically do: the stubble height of the stems is 10 cm-60 cm, the stubble height of the leaves is 10 cm-60 cm, and the stubble height of the whole plants is 10 cm-60 cm; and adding fertilizer in time according to the growth condition of the feeding moringa oleifera.

(6) Processing: airing the overground parts of the moringa oleifera and the silage corn for 2 hours, crushing the overground parts of the moringa oleifera and the silage corn into 1-2 cm, adding an EM (effective microorganism) fermentation agent into the crushed materials for silage, and performing the steps of: feeding moringa oleifera at a mass ratio of 80.

The experimental results are specifically as follows:

1. the harvesting of the moringa oleifera for feeding is as follows: and carrying out an influence test of different composite planting mode characters.

TABLE 1 influence of different composite planting patterns on the agronomic traits of silage corn and Moringa oleifera for feed

The influence of different composite planting modes on the agronomic characters of the silage corns and the feeding moringa oleifera is shown in table 1 in detail, and as the planting proportion of the feeding moringa oleifera increases, the plant height, stem thickness, single plant weight, leaf length, ear length and ear thickness of the silage corns tend to increase, and the planting modes of MC5, MC6 and MC7 have good agronomic characters of the silage corns. With the increase of the planting proportion of the feeding moringa oleifera, the parameters of the feeding moringa oleifera, such as plant height, stem thickness, single plant weight and the like, show an increasing trend, and the planting mode of the MC5, the MC6 and the MC7 feeding moringa oleifera has good agronomic characters.

TABLE 2 Effect of different composite planting patterns on the biological yield of silage corn and Moringa oleifera for feed

The influence of different composite planting modes on the biological yield of the silage corn and the horseradish tree for feeding is detailed in table 2, and as can be seen from table 2, the biological yield of the silage corn of the planting mode of MC5 is the largest, and the biological yield of the horseradish tree for the planting mode of MC7 is the largest under the same planting area.

TABLE 3 membership function analysis and evaluation of different composite planting modes

In order to determine the compound planting mode with the best biological yield of the silage corns and the feeding moringa oleifera, the influence of different planting proportions on the biological yields of the silage corns and the feeding moringa oleifera is analyzed by adopting a membership function method, comprehensive sequencing is carried out, and the specific result is detailed in table 3.

As can be seen from table 3, under the same planting area, the planting mode of MC5, that is, when the planting ratio of silage corn to feeding moringa oleifera is 50, the membership function value is the highest, and the biological yield comprehensive performance of silage corn and feeding moringa oleifera is better.

2. Test of influence of characters of different stubble heights

TABLE 4 influence of different stubble heights on feeding moringa oleifera agronomic characters

TABLE 5 influence of different stubble heights on the quality and properties of Moringa oleifera for feed

The influence of different stubble heights on the feeding moringa agronomic character and the quality character is shown in table 4 in detail, and as can be seen from the table 4, the feeding moringa agronomic character of the stubble heights of 30cm and 60cm shows that the plant height, the stem thickness and the plot yield are large.

As can be seen from Table 5, the quality characteristics of the whole plant of the feeding moringa oleifera with the stubble height of 60cm are good, specifically, the quality characteristics of the treatment groups with the starch, total sugar, crude protein and crude fat contents higher than 10cm and 30cm are found, and the analysis on the quality characteristics of the leaves and the stems shows that the 60cm stubble treatment is beneficial to the accumulation of the crude protein of the leaves and the accumulation of the total sugar and crude fat of the stems.

TABLE 6 membership function analysis of agronomic traits at different stubble heights

TABLE 7 membership function analysis of different stubble height quality traits

The subordinate function analysis of the agricultural character and the quality character of different stubble heights of the feeding moringa oleifera is shown in a table 6 and a table 7, and the agricultural character performance of the stubble height of 60cm is better than that of 10cm and 30cm according to the table 6, and the characteristics are represented by the thick ground stem, the high plant height, the high biological yield and the high dry matter content of stem leaves.

As can be seen from Table 7, the stubble heights at 30cm and 60cm were found to be excellent in quality. Meanwhile, the average values of the membership functions of the agronomic characters and the quality characters of 10cm,30cm and 60cm are respectively 0.45,0.47 and 0.52, and the comprehensive sequence is 60cm to more than 30cm to more than 10cm, namely the comprehensive performance of the agronomic characters and the quality characters of the stubble height of 60cm is better.

3. The feeding method comprises the following steps:

the feeding mode is as follows: carrying out an influence test on the weight increase of the cattle by mixing and feeding silage corns and feeding moringa oleifera with different mass ratios, wherein the test sets the mass percentages of the four silage corns and the feeding moringa oleifera, and the first group of silage corns is 100%; 80% of a second group of silage corns and 20% of feeding moringa oleifera; 60% of silage corns in the third group and 40% of feeding moringa oleifera; a fourth group of silage corns 20 percent and feeding moringa oleifera 80 percent; each set was set to 4 replicates. Cattle were weighed at day 45, day 90, day 135 respectively and the average daily gain for the different treatments was calculated and the results are shown in figure 1. As can be seen from the figure 1, the average daily gain of the second group is higher when the silage corn is 80% and the average daily gain of the mixed feeding of the feeding moringa oleifera 20% is higher than that of the rest groups, and when the silage corn ratio is higher than 20%, the average daily gain of the cattle is reduced, so that the cattle can grow better when 20% of the feeding moringa oleifera is added into 80% of the silage corn.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.

Claims (3)

1. A composite operation method of moringa oleifera and silage corn for feed is characterized by comprising the following measures:

(1) Land parcel selection and planning: selecting land parcels with flat topography, loose soil layer, good drainage, sufficient illumination and no heavy metal pollution, removing weeds on the parcels, applying sufficient base fertilizer by 1 ton/mu of farmyard manure, ploughing and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer, wherein the ploughing depth of soil is more than 25cm, and leveling the land;

(2) Selecting seeds; selecting feeding moringa oleifera and silage corn seeds with mature and full seeds, no plant diseases and insect pests, seed purity of more than or equal to 98 percent and germination rate of more than 95 percent, selecting seeds of feeding moringa varieties with luxuriant branches and leaves, and selecting big 808 varieties of silage corn;

(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: sowing 2 silage corns and/or feeding moringa seeds in each planting pond for 3-4 months, covering soil for 3-5 cm for the feeding moringa seeds, and compacting, and covering soil for 2-3 cm for the corn seeds; every row of silage maize and peppery wood for feed are planted at interval, and every row of planting mode is the same, and peppery wood for feed: the interval planting proportion of the silage corns is 1:1, 2 silage corns or feeding moringa seeds per pond;

(4) Field management: after the feeding moringa oleifera and the corn germinate for 10-15 days, observing the sprouting condition of seedlings, removing weak seedlings, performing replanting, and removing weeds in time; 10kg of compound fertilizer with 40 to 45 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is used as seed fertilizer per mu; irrigating once every 4-5 days, keeping the soil moist, and draining water in rainy days;

(5) Harvesting: harvesting the whole silage corn plants, cutting the feeding moringa oleifera to harvest while harvesting the silage corn plants, wherein the stubble height of the feeding moringa oleifera is 30-60 cm, and 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is additionally added to each mu of the harvested feeding moringa oleifera;

(6) Feeding: airing the feeding moringa oleifera and the silage corn in the step (5), crushing to 1-2 cm, adding an EM (effective microorganism) fermentation agent for silage, and mixing the components in percentage by weight: the feeding quality ratio of the feeding moringa oleifera is 80:20.

2. the compound operation method of the feeding moringa oleifera and the silage corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the feeding moringa oleifera and the silage corn are planted in the middle row, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the row spacing is 50cm.

3. The method for operating the moringa oleifera and silage corn compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the left stubble of the moringa oleifera for feed in the step (5) is 60cm.

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